• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

Shelf-life of functional beverage for the purpose of body fat reduction during storage was estimated at different temperatures. To estimate quality change of functional beverage, vacuum gauge, sugar concentration pit acidify, Hunter's color value, browning color intensity, total cell count and sensory evaluation were measured periodically. Vacuum gauge, sugar concentration pH and acidity were little changed and total cell count was not detected. By using the correlation coefficient between sensory evaluation and physicochemical properties, b-value was chosen for quality index of functional beverage. $Q_{10}-values$ for shelf-life were in the range of $2.13{\sim}2.59$. When sensory evaluation was 2.5 at $50^{\circ}C$, storage period was 6.83 weeks. And shelf-life calculated by $Q_{10}-values$ were 73.89, 34.21 and 13.21 weeks in $20^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

Why solar companies preferred vertical integration of whole value chain? Major solar companies have built internally strong vertical integration of entire PV value chain. We raise a question whether such integration increases the corporate value and whether market situation affects the result. To test these questions, we conducted multi-variant analysis where characteristic factors mainly affect the corporate value measured in terms of Tobin'Q, based on the financial and non-financial data of PV companies listed in US stock market between 2005 and 2010. We hypothesize that since integration increases the overall efficiency but decreases the flexibility to adjust to various market situation, the combined effect of the efficiency gain and the flexibility loss ultimately determines the sign of integration effect on the corporate vale. We infer that the combined effect will be influenced heavily by business cycle, as in boom market (Seller's market) the efficiency gain may be larger than the flexibility loss and vice versa in bust market. We test whether the sign of combined effect changes after the year of 2009 and which factors influence most the sign. Year of 2009 is known as the year when market shifted from Seller's to Buyer's market. We show that 1) integration increases corporate value in general but after 2009 integration significantly decreases the value, 2) the ratios such as Production/Total Cost, Cash turnover period chosen for reversal of the flexibility measure are negatively affect Tobin's Q and especially stronger after 2009. This shows the flexibility improves corporate value and stronger in the recess period (Buyer's market). These results imply that solar company should set up integration strategy considering the tradeoff between efficiency and flexibility and the impact of the business cycle on both factors. Strategy only based on the price competitiveness determined in boom time can bring undesirable outcomes to the company. In addition, Strategic alliances in some value chains as a flexible bondage should be taken in account as complementary choice to the rigid integration.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2004

Holographic quantitative structure activity relationships (HQSAR) as 2D QSAR between the herbicidal activities against root and shoot of rice plant (Orysa sativa L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and structures of A=3,4,5,6-tetra-hydrophthalimino, B = 3-chloro-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazolyl and C = 3,4-dimethylmaleimino substituents in 1-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazolin-5-yl)methoxy-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzene derivatives were studied and discussed. The statistical results of four HQSAR models for the herbicidal activities against root and shoot of the two plants showed the best predictability of the herbicidal activities based on the cross-validated $r^2\;_{cv}\;(q^2=\;0.760{\sim}0.924)$, non cross-validated conventional coefficient $(r^2\;_{ncv}\;=\;0.868{\sim}0.970)$ and PRESS values $(0.123{\sim}0.261)$. The results indicated that the qualities of HQSAR models for barnyardgrass were slightly higher than that of rice plant. And also, the predictability of HQSAR models were higher $(q^2\;=\;HQSAR\;>\;CoMFA)$ than CoMFA but the conventional coefficients of HQSAR models lower $(r^2\;=\;HQSAR\;<\;CoMFA)$ than CoMFA. Moreover, from the contribution maps, it was founded that the selectivity between the two plants depends upon the 2-fluoro-4-chloro-5-alkoxyanilino and $R_3$ substituent on the C-phenyl ring. These features suggest where to modify a molecular structure in order to improve its selective of herbicidal activities against barnyardgrass.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.3 s.152
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• pp.213-222
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• 2005

This study is a sensitivity analysis of the parameters which affect the simulation results under various design rainfall conditions, using the SWMM model, for three selected basins in urban areas. The sensitivity of the peak flow rate is defined by $S_Q$ (=1.0 - (min. ratio of peak flow rate/max. ratio of peak flow rate)), and the rainfall conditions are classified in terms of design rainfall frequency, duration, and distribution. The simulation results show that in most conditions the parameters - the impermeable area ratio, the sewer slope, and the initial infiltration capacity - have more significant effects on the results than other parameters. As the design rainfall frequency increases, the sensitivity of the sewer slope and sewer roughness increases, while the parameters related with the surface runoff decrease. When the rainfall duration increases, the sensitivities of most parameters of surface runoff and sewer flow decrease. Also, at the 1st quarterly Huff rainfall distribution condition, the impermeable area ratio has high sensitivity, but at the 4th quarterly condition the parameters related with sewer flow show higher sensitivities. These tendencies can be explained by considering the procedure for computing the effective rainfall and kinematic wave on the surface and sewer flow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.394-404
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• 2013

In the present study, the characteristics of spectral peakedness parameter $Q_p$, bandwidth parameter ${\varepsilon}$, and spectral width parameter ${\nu}$ were analyzed as a first step to define the swell waves quantitatively. For the analysis, the joint probability density function of significant wave heights and peak periods were newly developed. The MCMC(Markov Chain Monte Carlo) simulations have been performed to generate the significant wave heights and peak periods from the developed probability density functions. Applying the simulated significant wave heights and peak periods to the theoretical wave spectrum models, the spectral shapes parameters were obtained and analyzed. Among the spectral shape parameters, only the spectral peakedness parameter $Q_p$, is shown to be independent with the significant wave height and peak wave period. It also best represents the peakedness of the spectral shape, and henceforth $Q_p$ should be used to define the swell waves with a wave period. For the field verification of the results, wave data obtained from Hupo port and Ulleungdo were analyzed and results showed the same trend with the MCMC simulation results.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.25-40
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• 1994

In order to investigate behavior of lateral flow by plasticity of soils and construction control due to it, in the case of unsymmetrical surcharge load on the soft soils, we examine the existing theoretical background, and compared and analysed the experimental results by model test. After model test fabricated by model test apparatus, which made full remolding samples of soft soils, we observed the state of behavior for deformation with increasing load step to constant time interval. The critical surcharge and ultimate capacity showed tendency to approach to the proposed value of Jaky and Meyerhof, and the lateral flow pressure of which the maximum value was acted on the depth calculated by z/H=0.26+1.71cu and one third value of the maximum lateral flow pressure acted on the ground surface, approach the trapezoid distribution And maximum lateral flow pressure will be calculated by proposed equation of Hong or simple equation which($\alpha=0.4$) the flow pressure coefficient . of proposed equation by Tschebotarioff exchanged to($\alpha=K_0$) . Basides, the failure surcharge by [(q/$y_m$)-q] and [$S_y-(y_m/S_y)$] showed the smaller than ultimate bearing capacity, especially failure criteria line of control diagram of [$S_y(y_m/S_y)$] will be calculated by following equation. $S_y.=3.15exp[-0.58(y_m/S_y)$

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1996

The major morphological characteristics of 97 lines selected from 1,510 local collection lines of Paeonia spp. were studied and classified into some groups according to their Q correlation. The Coefficient of Variation of 8 characteristics in 97 lines varied greatly with the range from 21.3% to 127.1%. The 22 lines with useful morphological characteristics selected from 97 lines had 2n=10 chromosomes, in which there were no difference among the number of chromosomes of 22 lines. The 97 lines were classified into 14 groups based upon the results of Q correlation analysis obtained from data with 16 quantitative factors; Group III and group VI were divided into two sub-groups. Group I was large flowered lines with a single flower, Group IIIa, doubled flowered lines, Group VII, late maturing lines and Group IX, early maturing lines flowering in 17th May. Group VIII were dwarf type lines which has the shortest stem length and leaf length among 14 groups, which are suitable for potted plants. Group XIII had a lot of stems per plant and a large type leaf with leaf length and width. A needle-type leaf was found in Group X, whereas a wide and oval-type leaf in group XII.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Shear wave velocity($V_S$), which can be obtained using various seismic tests, has been emphasized as representative geotechnical dynamic characteristic mainly for seismic design and seismic performance evaluation in the engineering field. For the application of conventional geotechnical site investigation techniques to geotechnical earthquake engineering, standard penetration tests(SPT) and piezocone penetration tests(CPTu) together with a variety of borehole seismic tests were performed at many sites in Korea. Through statistical modeling of the in-situ testing data, in this study, the correlations between $V_S$ and geotechnical in-situ penetrating data such as blow counts(N value) from SPT and piezocone penetrating data such as tip resistance ($q_t$), sleevefriction($f_s$), and pore pressure ratio($B_q$) were deduced and were suggested as an empirical method to determine $V_S$. Despite the incompatible strain levels of the conventional geotechnical penetration tests and the borehole seismic tests, it is shown that the suggested correlations in this study are applicable to the preliminary estimation of $V_S$ for Korean soil layers.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1980

The frontier electron densities and pK values for benzologous pyridine ligands are calculated using the HMO. Linear regression formula for pK in protonation of ligands is derived from the electron densities and observed pK values. The calculated pK values are in agreement with those of experimental values and a parallelism is shown between pK and qN. The reactivities for electrophilic, nucleophilic and radical reactions have also been calculated respectively by frontier electron densities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.7
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• pp.1321-1325
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• 2001

In this article, piezoelectric films and their application for film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) devices are presented. The FBAR is composed of piezoelectric film sandwiched between top and bottom electrodes and an acoustic reflector of SiO2/W stacked multilayers. Various FBAR devices were fabricated and evaluated through simulation and measurement. The insertion loss, return loss and Q-factor were observed to be reasonably high and good. The FBAR technology seems very promising particularly for RF band filter application.