• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2016

In the present work, bael shell (aegle marmelos) is used as the feedstock for pyrolysis, using a fixed bed reactor to investigate the characteristics of the pyrolysis oil. The product yields, e.g., liquid, char and gases are produced from the biomass at different temperatures with the particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, at the heating rate of $150^{\circ}C/min$. The maximum liquid yield, i.e., 36.23 wt.%, was found at $5500^{\circ}C$. Some physical properties of the pyrolysis oil such as calorific value, viscosity, density, pH, flash point and fire point are evaluated. The calorific value of the bael shell pyrolysis oil was 20.4 MJ/kg, which is slightly higher than the biomass, i.e., 18.24 MJ/kg. The H/C and O/C ratios of the bio-oil were found as 2.3 and 0.56 respectively, which are quite higher than some other bio-oils. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analyses showed that the pyrolysis oil of bael shell is mostly composed by phenolic and acidic compounds. The results of the properties of the bael shell pyrolysis oil reveal the potential of the oil as an alternate fuel with the essential upgradation of some properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the pyrolysis products of patchouli oil by Curie-Point pyrolysis. The pyrolysis of patchouli oil was performed at the temperature of 16$0^{\circ}C$, 42$0^{\circ}C$, $650^{\circ}C$, 76$0^{\circ}C$, and 92$0^{\circ}C$ by Curie-Point Pyrolyzer. The pyrolysis products were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and mass selective detector(MSD). Total 21 components were identified in the pyrolyzates of patchouli oil. The temperature for maximum formation of most of these compounds was in the range of 76$0^{\circ}C$~92$0^{\circ}C$. The major components were $\beta$-patchoulene, $\alpha$-guaiene, $\beta$-caryophyllene, $\alpha$-patchoulene, seychellene, $\delta$-guaiene, and patchouli alcohol. The numbers of the pyrolyzed products of patchouli oil were increased by increasing temperature, however, the yields of major components such as patchoulene, guaiene, seychellene and patchouli alcohol decreased as the temperature of pyrolysis was raised to 92$0^{\circ}C$, the highest temperature in this experiment. The optimum temperature for formation of the pyrolysis products such as styrene, indane and naphthalene was at 92$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.244-250
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• 1984

Separation and identification of the polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) from pyrolysis products of cellulose and lignin were performed using a combination of acid-base solvent partitioning and silicic acid column chromatography with fused-silica capillary column gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Sixteen PAC were positively identifited by retention indices and mass spectra data. Both materials produced the same kinds of PAC. But lignin produced much more PAC than cellulose. Almost no highly carcinogenic heterocyclic PAC containing nitrogen and sulfur were produced.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.143-146
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• 1989

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2006

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) in the presence of organic alkali of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) was applied to characterize the polyphenol fragments with a carbonyl group causing different magnitude of photo-yellowing in chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) papers. Two different origin of CTMP papers prepared from different individuals of Eucalyptus globulus trees showing high and low yellowing after photo-irradiation was compared before photo-irradiation. As a result, 7 peaks assigned to a series of phenol compounds with a carbonyl group, derived mainly from lignin, gave significant amount of phenol compounds with a carbonyl group for the paper sample of latent high yellowing, i.e., butoxy-and syringaldehyde, butoxy-and syringylacetone, butoxy-acetoguaiacone, butoxy-acetosyringone, butoxy-acetoethylsyringone, 3-methoxy-4-butoxy butyl ester, and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-butoxy butyl ester, using Py-GC/mass spectrometry (MS). The Py-GC method combined with TBAH successfully characterized polyphenol fragments with a carbonyl group causing differ high photo-yellowing in CTMP papers using a microgram order of samples.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2001

Pyrolysis/GC-mass spectrometry(Hewlet-Packard 5890GC/mass selective detector, 5971 BMSD), interfaced to a CDS Pyroprobe 1500 was optimized for rapid analysis of flavour compounds in Cheddar cheese. Twenty flavour compounds, including aldehydes(4), ketones(4), fatty acids(10), alcohol(1), and hydrocarbon(1), were identified from Cheddar cheeses. In total, Twenty-three flavour compounds aldehydes(2), ketones(8), alcohols(3), fatty acids(7), lactone(1), benzene derivative(1) and amide(1) were identified from two samples of accelerated-ripened Cheddar cheese treated with the proteolytic enzymes of Lactobacillus casei LGY. In total, Twenty-one flavour compounds; aldehydes(2), ketones(5), alcohols(2), fatty acids(11), and lactone(1) were identified from enzyme-modified cheese(EMC) treated with the combination of the proteolytic enzymes of Lactobacillus casei LGY and commercial endopeptidase or lipase. However, All the flavour compounds identified by pyrolysis/GC/MS in samples of ARC and EMC were not determined whether they are recognized as typical Cheddar flavour or not. More studies were requested on the development of methods for a rapid and convienent analysis of dairy fermented products using pyrolysis/GC-mass spectrometry.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1276-1280
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• 2003

Thermal behavior of bromphenols was investigated by direct pyrolysis at high temperature. The thermal degradation products formed by the pyrolysis of mono-bromophenols (o-, m-, and p-) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis reactions, several kinds of dioxins and furans were produced, and the relative ratio of pyro-products was dependent on the substituted position of bromine in phenolic structure due to the effect of symmetry and steric hindrance. The formation of dioxins can be explained by the phenoxy radical addition and Br atom elimination at an ortho-carbon site on phenolic structure. On the other hand, the formation of furans can be explained by the ortho-ortho carbon coupling of phenoxy radicals at unsubstituted sites to form o, o'-dihydroxydiphenyl intermediate via its keto-tautomer, followed by $H_2O$ elimination. The pyrolysis temperature has also a substantial effect on the dimerized products quantities but little effect on the type of pyro-products. Moreover, the formation mechanism of pyro-products was suggested on the basis of products identified.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1951-1955
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• 2014

Catalytic pyrolysis of Geodae-Uksae 1, a kind of miscanthus found in Korea, was carried out over mesoporous MCM-48 catalysts. For rapid product analysis and catalyst evaluation, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, pyridine adsorbed Fourier transform infrared, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption were utilized to analyze the properties of the catalysts. Compared to non-catalytic reaction, catalytic upgrading over mesoporous Al-MCM-48 catalysts produced a higher-quality bio-oil with a high stability and low oxygen content. Al-MCM-48 exhibited higher deoxygenation ability than Si-MCM-48 due to its higher acidity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.707-711
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• 2019

The feasibility of waste concrete as a catalyst for the effective pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was examined using thermogravimetric (TG) and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses. TG analysis results indicated that the maximum decomposition temperature of PET is not altered by the use of waste concrete, showing similar values (407 ℃ and 408 ℃ at 5 ℃/min). Meanwhile, the volatile product distribution data obtained from the Py-GC/MS analysis revealed that the use of waste concrete promoted the deoxygenation reaction via converting the oxygen containing products such as benzoic acids, benzoates, and terephthalates to valuable deoxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and styrene. This suggests that the waste concrete can be used as a potential catalyst for the production of valuable aromatic hydrocarbons from PET pyrolysis.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2020

Vehicle wiper blades are typically treated with chlorine to lower their friction coefficient with the windshield surface. In this study, a chlorinated, natural rubber (NR) vehicle wiper blade was characterized using a pyrolytic technique. Unchlorinated and chlorinated wiper blades were pyrolyzed and the pyrolysis products were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Besides isoprene and dipentene, the other principal pyrolysis products such as 1,5,8-p-menthatriene (MTT) and p,α-dimethylstyrene (DMS) were observed. The MTT and DMS ratios did not vary for the chlorinated nor unchlorinated samples when the entire rubber lip of the wiper blade was pyrolyzed. However, when only the lip surface of the wiper blade rubber was pyrolyzed (via scratching with a knife) the relative ratios of the chlorinated sample were much greater than those of the unchlorinated sample. As MTT is produced from the conjugated backbone of chlorinated NR that forms through HCl elimination during initial pyrolysis, and DMS is generated by the dehydrogenation of MTT, these two products could be used as markers for detecting chlorinated NR.