• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

In the result of investigating traditional chinese medical literatures to understand drug-processing about Pyritum, we could reach conclusions as follows: 1. Pyritum are divided into fresh Pyritum, calcining Pyritum, tempered Pyritum with vinegar by methods of drug-processing. 2. The methods of drug-procession about Pyritum like calcination, quenching, refining drugs with water or medicinal broth of Glycyrrhizae Radix(licorice), boiling with medicinal broth of Glycyrrhizae Radix(licorice) were used complicately. 3. Calcining Pyritum are grinded easily, convenient to apply a pill and powder and As, S are easily removed. Quenching Pyritum act on liver channel and then are reinforced the effects of relieving blood stasis, Pain and gushed out effecive ingredients. Refining Pyritum with water are reinforced the effect of tranquilizing the mind and clearing heat. above results indicates that using calcination, quenching and refining drugs with water together is the best method of drug-processing about Pyritum.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2009

Backgrounds and Objectives: A fracture means a loss of continuity in the substance of bone. Bone differs from other musculoskeletal tissue due to its ability to repair and heal itself without leaving a scar. The cutter head has multinucleated osteoclast cells to resorb the dead bone. The tail, with its conical surface, is lined with osteoblast cells laying down new bone. The conjugation of fracture is a unique biological process regulated by a complex array of signaling molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. Pyritum, one of the important prescriptions in the oriental medicine, has been used for conjugation fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of administration of Pyritum on activation of osteoblast cells in human body & on tibia bone fracture in mice. Materials and Methods : Four weeks aged 30 female DBA mice were used for this study. They were divided three groups, normal group, control group(fracture elicitate mice: FE group) and experimental group(Pyritum administered mice group after fracture elicitation : PA group). Left tibia bones of mice in FE and PA groups were fractured by bone cutters. MG-63 cells in human body th Pyritum in the ratio of 1 mg/m${\ell}$, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. Activation of osteoblast was identified using osteopontin, FGF in vitro test. In vivo test, regeneration of fractured tibia through the morphological changes was observed, and also activation of inflammation through NF-${\kappa}$B p65, iNOS, COX-2, osteoblast through osteopontin, FGF and osteoblast's proliferation in each group was measured. Results and Conclusions : 1. In vitro test for activation of osteoblast cells in human body by Pyritum, osteopontin and FGF production were remarkably increased in Pyritum treated MG-63 cells. 2. In regeneration of fractured tibia by Pyritum, fractured area in external tibia morphology was decreased more in the PA group than that of the FE group. Osteogenesis in fractured area was increased more in the PA group than that of the FE group. Also, endochodrial ossification in central area of fracture and osteoid in lateral area of fracture were increased more in the PA group than those of the FE group. 3. In activation of inflammation by Pyritum administered, activation of NF-${\kappa}$B p65, increase of iNOS and COX-2 production were higher in the PA and the FE groups than those of the control group. Especially, the PA group showed higher activation and increase than those of the FE group. 4. In activation of osteoblast by Pyritum, increase of osteopontin, FGF and osteoblast's proliferation were higher in the PA and the FE groups than those of the control group. Especially, the PA group showed higher increase and proliferation than those of the FE group.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of oriental medical treatment on delayed healing in femoral shaft fractured child. Methods: We treated the patient with herb medicine named Kamiboatang and Pyritum. Child took Kamiboatang and Pyritum for 2 months, and Kamiboatang for 1 month. After 3 months treatments, we examined the case with radiological findings. Results: The patient's delayed femoral shaft fracture was improved after 3 months oriental medical treatment. Conclusions: This case showed that oriental medical treatment on delayed healing in femoral shaft fractured child was effective. To prove the effectiveness of Kamiboatang and Pyritum, the more clinical study of Oriental medical treatment for this case might be also needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.65-75
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• 2009

Objectives : Pyrite is one of the important prescriptions that has been used in oriental medicine for healing of fracture. It is reasonable, therefore, to postulate that native copper affects the process of bone metabolism and bone formation. The purpose of this study is to discover the effect of Pyrite on the healing of tibia fracture. Methods : 1. In vitro test : MG-63 cell in human body and the Pyritum in the ratio of 0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 1.5mg/ml, 2.0mg/ml were incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, RNA was extracted via trizol reagent (Sigma, USA). In order to understand the activation of osteoblast, the level of OPN mRNA, osteopontin, was measured. 2. In vivo tesgroups normal group, control group and experimental group. Left tibia bones of mice in CON and JT groups were fractured by bone cutters. Pyrite was orally administered to the experimental group. After 14 days, each group's tibia specimen was constructed to observe changes in activation of proinflmmatory cytokines in relation to MIF and IL-6. Also, proliferation of osteoblast and osteopontin were measured via changes in levels of OPN and OPN mRNA. Results : In jn-Titro test, the level of OPN mRNA, osteopontin production was remarkably increased in Pyritum-treated MG-63 cells. In in-vitro test, fractured area in external tibia morphology was increased more in the JT group than that of the CON group. Osteogenesis, endochodrial ossification, and osteoid in fractured area were also increased more in the JT group than that of the CON group. Increase in OPN mRNA, osteopontin level and osteoblast's proliferation were observed. Activation of MIF and IL-6 was confirmed from the fracture region. Conclusions : From the result, development of a new stimulator in healing fracture via pyrite is expected.