• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pyramidal cells

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CORRELATIONS BETWEEN HIPPOCAMPAL THETA RHYTHM AND INTRACELLULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF PYRAMIDAL NEURONS (해마 theta 리듬과 pyramidal neuron의 세포내 특성과의 상관관계)

  • Kwon, Oh-Heung;Kim, Young-Jin;Nam, Soon-Hyeun;Kim, Hyeun-Jung;Lee, Man-Gee;Cho, Jin-Hwa;Choi, Byung-Ju
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.671-682
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    • 1998
  • Electrophysiological phenomena of pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus were recorded from and filled with neurobiotin in anesthetized rats. The electropharmacological properties of membrane as well as the cellular-synaptic generation of rhythmic slow activity (theta) were examined. The intracellular response characteristics of these pyramidal cells were distinctly different from responses of interneurons. Pyramidal cells had a high resting membrane potential, a low input resistance, and a large amplitude action potential. A afterhyperpolarization was followed a single action potential. Most of pyramidal cells did not display a spontaneous firing. Pyramidal cells displayed weak inward rectification and anodal break excitation. The slope of the frequency-current relation was 53.4 Hz/nA for the first interspike interval and 15.9 Hz/nA for the last intervals, suggesting the presence of spike frequency adaptation. Neurobiotin-filled neurons showed pyramidal morphology. Cells were generally bipolar dendritc processes ramifying in stratum lacunosum-moleculare, radiatum, and oriens. Commissural stimulation discharged pyramidal cells, followed by excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs). The frequency of theta-related membrane potential oscillation was voltage-independent in pyramidal neurons. At strong depolarization levels (less than 30 mV) pyramidal cells emitted sodium spike oscillation, phase-locked to theta. The observations provide direct evidence that theta-related rhythmic hyperpolarization of principal cells is brought by the rhythmically discharging interneurons. Furthermore, the findings in which interneurons were also paced by rhythmic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials during theta suggest that they were periodically hyperpolarized by their GABAergic septal afferents.

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고슴도치 위장관의 Gastrin(G)세포, Glucagon(L)세포, Somatostatin(D)세포 및 Cholecystokinin(I)-8세포의 면역세포화학적 연구

  • 최월봉;원무호;박형진;서지은
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.154-166
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    • 1987
  • Recently, the researches on the enteroendocrine cells of vertebrates have made a remarkable advance by the immunocytochemical methods. This study was attempted to investigate the topographical distributions and the shapes of gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin and cholecystokinin-8 immuno-reactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean hedgehog, Erinaceus koreanus. For light-microscopical examination of immunocytochemistry, the tissue specimens taken from the various portions(body and pyloric protion of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum) were fixed in glutaraldehyde-picric acid-acetic acid (GPA) or 10% neutral buffered formalin solutions. For the demonstration of immunoreactive cells, the paraffin sections (6$\mu$m) were immunocytochemically identified by PAP procedure (Sternberger, 1979) with gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin and cholecystokinin-8 antisera. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were mainly distributed in the pyloric portion of stomach and were a few in the duodenum and jejunum. The shapes of these cells were round or oval in the pyloric portion and pyramidal in the small intestine. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were sparsely distributed in the only small intestine. The shapes of these cells were mainly pyramidal. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were a few in the pyloric portion and duodenum, and were sparsely distributed in the body of stomach and jejunum. The shapes of these cells were round or oval in the stomach and oval or pyramidal in the small intestine. Cholecystokinin-8-immunoreactive cells were sparsely distributed in the only small intestine. The shapes of these cells were mainly oval or pyramidal.

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Effects of Long-Term Alcohol Treatment Combined with Vitamins or Piracetam on the Ultrastructure of Rat Hippocampal and Cerebellar Neurons (알코올 장기투여시 비타민 또는 Piracetam의 병합투여가 백서 해마와 소뇌 신경세포의 미세형태학적 구조에 미치는 영향)

  • Sohn, Chang-Ho;Lee, Sang-Ik;Kwak, Jeong-Sik;Jeong, In-Won
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.164-173
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to investigate the direct neurotoxicity of alcohol on CNS and the effects of piracetam or vitamins on ultrastructural changes of the rat cerebellar and hippocampal neurons during long-term alcohol treatment. To evaluate the results, quantitative analysis were done for light and electronic microscopic findings. On the light microscopy, red degeneration of pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells was found more apparently in the alcohol only treated group than in the control group. On the electron microscopy, increased lipofuscin pigments were found in cerebellum and hippocampus. In quantitative analysis, vitamins significantly reduced red degeneration in both hippocampus and cerebellum. However, piracetam significantly reduced red degeneration in cerebellum but not in hippocampus. Lipofuscin pigments in Purkinje cells and pyramidal cells were significantly reduced in the alcohol with piracetam treated group than the alcohol only treated group. However, vitamins had no significant reducing effect of lipofuscin pigments in Purkinje cells and pyramidal cells. According to the results, it is concluded that vitamins deficiency might cause red degeneration of pyramidal cell after long-term alcohol treatment, but increment of lipofuscin pigments in pyramidal and Purkinje cell may be caused by alcohol itself or its metabolite rather than vitamins deficiency. Piracetam seems to improve cognitive function impairment caused by alcohol consumption.

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DEVELOPMENT OF PYRAMIDAL TYPE 2-AXES ANALOG SUN SENSOR (피라미드형 2축 아날로그 태양센서의 개발)

  • 이성호;이현우;남명룡;박동조
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.267-276
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    • 2000
  • PSS(Pyramidal type 2-axes Analog Sun Sensor) which will be used for KAISTSAT-4 is designed to be small, light, low in power consumptions, and adequate for small satellite attitude sensor. The PSS for the KAISTSAT-4 consists of the pyramidal structure, solar cells and amplifier. The pyramidal structure is suitable for the 2-axes sensing, Solar cells are made up of a rectangular shape of crystal silicon. The PSS measures the angle of incident light and initial satellite attitude measurement, and provides an alarm for the sunlight-sensitive payloads. This paper explains the PSS structure and the characteristic test result about the PSS with $\pm$$50^{\circ}$in FOV, less than $\pm$$3^{\circ}$in accuracy.

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CHANGES IN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NEUROBIOTIN-LABELED PYRAMIDAL CELLS OF HIPPOCAMPUS RECORDED IN VIVO (마취된 흰쥐 해마신경세포에서 Neurobiotin 이온주입으로 인한 신경세포의 생리적 특성의 변화)

  • Lee, Hye-Sook;Lee, Maan-Gee-G.;Kim, Young-Jin;Choi, Byung-Ju
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.218-231
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    • 1999
  • Pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA area were recorded from and filled with neurobiotin in anesthetized rats. The extent of their dendrites and the electropharmacological properties of membrane as well as the effect before and after neurobiotin injection were examined. Pyramidal cells had a high resting membrane potential, a low input resistance, and a large amplitude action potential. A afterhyperpolarization was followed a single action potential. Most pyramidal cells did not display a spontaneous firing. Pyramidal cell displayed weak inward rectification and anodal break excitation in response to negative current injection into the cell. Membrane properties of recorded neurons before and after neurobiotin injection with consecutive current injection were compared. Some properties were significantly increased after labelling(P>0.05); the duration and amplitude of sustained AHP, input resistance, and the number of action potentials for simultaneous intra- and extracellular stimulations. Neurobiotin-filled neurons showed pyramidal morphology. Cells were generally bipolar dendrite processes ramifying in stratum lacunosum-moleculare, radiatum, and oriens.

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The Effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Carthami Flos on Brain Ischemia Experimentally Induced from the Occlusion of Left Common Carotid Artery in Rats (단삼(丹蔘), 홍화(紅花)가 흰쥐의 뇌허혈에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim Bang-Oul;Kim Jeong-Sang;Kim Kyung-Soo;Jeon Sang-Yoon;Hong Seok
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.173-184
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    • 2003
  • Objectives: This study investigates the effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Carthami Flos on Brain ischemia of the rats induced from the Occlusion of Lt. Common Carotid Artery. Methods: I observed effects using light microscopes and examined tissue of parietal lobe and hippocampus and VEGF-immunoreactive cells. Results: A small number of VEGF-immunoreactive cells are observed in the control group. VEGF-immunoreactive cells in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-administered group were slightly increased compared with control group. VEGF-immunoreactive cells in Carthami Flos-administered group were significantly increased compared with control group. Neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in the control group were greatly damaged.(neuronal densitity, form of dendrite and axon) On the other hand, neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-administered group were less damaged. Neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in Carthami Flos-administered group were significantly less damaged compared with control group. Conclusion : Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Carthami Flos can effect on stimulating angiogenesis and reducinging the damage of neurons in the rats induced from the Occlusion of Lt. Common Carotid Artery.

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Immunocytochemical Localization Qf raf Protein Kinase in Cerebrum of Geoclemys reevesii (Gray) (남생이(Geoclemys reevesii) 대뇌에 있어서 raf Protein Kinase의 면역세포화학적 분포)

  • 최원철;문현근
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.141-151
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    • 1990
  • Raf protein kinases and protein kinase C belong to serine/threonine-specific proteins in the cytoplasin, and are similar to each other in functional structure and the aspect of the distribution of celI. The distribution of raf protein kinase in the cerebrum of Geoclemys reevesfi as studied by using the antibodies against a-raf and c-raf protein kinase which induce the expression of raf fainily oncogenes. In general, raf protein kinases were distributed in such restricted regions as the general pallium, hippocampal formation, pdmordiuin hippocampi,nucleus of lateral olfactory tract, basal amygdaloid nucleus, and bed of stria terminalis. Immunological labeling of c-raf protein kinase was more widespread than that of a-raf. However, the intensity of the labeling of c-raf was lower than that of a-raf. The spherical cells of basal amygdaloid nucleus is a ring-like form, because only the cytoplasm was imunolabeled. Especially, c-raf protein kinase occurred in the cells which contained protein kinase C abundandy such as pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells. This suggests that a- and e-raf protein kinases may synegistically induce carclnoma with myc gene which is activated by protein kinase C.

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The Effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on Reperfusion Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats (우황청심원이 중대뇌동맥 결찰로 유발된 뇌허혈에 미치는 영향)

  • 조규선;정승현;신길조;이원철
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.78-89
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on reperfusion following MCA occlusion in rats. Methods : To evaluate the effect of Woohwangcheongsim-won on reperfusion following MCA occlusion, the volume of cerebral ischemia and edema were measured and the change of the CAI pyramidal neuron in the hippocampus was investigated by light microscopy. And the changes of several neurotransmitters and enzymes were investigated with the immunohistochemical methods. Results : 1. The volume of the control group, which was ischemic-damaged was 23.6%, and that of the sample group was 13.5%. 2. The voluminalratio of the right/left hemisphere was 116 in the control group, and that of the sample group was 107. 3. The pyramidal cells of CAI area in the control group were greatly damaged. The cells were changed into discontinuous and unsystematic forms, and nuclei, and cytoplasms were shrunk. On the other hand, the cells of the sample group were less damaged. 4. On the immunohistochemical methods, the sensitivities of GABA, NOS, DBH in the control group were increased, and those of synapsin and $eEF-l{\alpha}$ were decreased as compared with the normal group. NOS and DBH which were negative in the normal group showed positive reaction. On the other hand, the sensitivities of GABA, NOS and DBH in the sample group were decreased, but those of NPY, synapsin, CaMKII and $eEF-l{\alpha}$ were increased as compared with the control group. Conclusions : Woohwangcheongsim-won reduced the volume of cerebral ischemia and edema, and minimized the damage of pyramidal cells. The mechanism was related to protein synthesis, such as synapsin, ${\alpha}CaMKII$ and $eEF-l{\alpha}$, which resist neurotoxicity of glutamate receptors.

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The Effect of Geupoongjibo-dan Extracts on Reversible Forebrain Ischemia in Mongolian Gerbil (거풍지보단(祛風至寶丹)이 Mongolian Gerbil의 가역성 전뇌허혈 모델에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Wan-Woo;Park, In-Sick;Shin, Gil-Cho;Lee, Won-Chul;Jeong, Sung-Hyun
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.145-160
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of Geupoongjibo-dan Extracts on Reversible Forebrain Ischemia in Mongolian Gerbils. Methods : The change rate of water content in cerebral tissues, the numercal change of the CA1 pyramidal neuron in the hippocampus, the change of delayed neuronal death(necrosis apoptosis) through light microscopy, the reactivity change of glycoprotein in neuronal membrane and the ultrastructural change of pyramidal neuron through electron microscopy caused by dalayed neuronal death were investigated. Results : 1. The change rate of water content in the normal group showed 78.90% on the third day, and 79.12% on the seventh day after an attack of ischemia. The rate in the control group showed 82.25% and 85.13%, respectively. The rate in the sample group showed a significant decrease: 81.72% and 83.66%. 2. Light microscopy revealed that the cells, continuous and systematic forms in the pyramidal cells of hippocampus, changed into discontinuous and unsystematic forms in the normal group when compared with the control group. The cells were less damaged in the sample group. 3. The mean of the numerical change of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus was 104 in the normal group. The mean of the control group was decreased to 27. The mean of the sample group was 44. 4. TUNEL staining examination reveals that the whole part of the hippocampus of the normal group had negative reactivity. As far as CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, the control group had positive reactivity. The sample group was more positive than the control group. 5. Electron microscopy reveals that the ischemic injury of the control group had both necrotic and apoptotic morphology. The sample group was less necrotic, and more apoptotic morphology than the control group. 6. Lectin histochemisrical examination reveals that the normal group had positive reactivity to PNA and SBA in interneuron, and weak positive reactivity to WGA Con A LCA in intercelluar space. The reactivity to PNA and WGA decreased in the control group. The reactivity to PNA and WGA tended to increase in the sample group. Conclusions : The data shows that the effect of Geupoongjibo-dan Extracts on Reversible Forebrain Ischemia in MG is a significant result.

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Effects of Methanol Extract of Jukryukjichul-hwan on Global Cerebral Ischemia of Rats (죽력지출환(竹瀝枳朮丸)의 메탄올추출 엑기스가 흰쥐의 전뇌허혈에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryu Ji-Cheal;Kim Young-Kyun;Kwon Jung-Nam
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.27 no.2 s.66
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2006
  • Objectives : Ischemic brain injury is a worldwide problem that often causes irreversible brain damage. Moreover, prevention of ischemic brain injury is more important than anything else, since after-effects of stroke significantly threat the quality of life. Jukryukjichul-hwan (JRH) is an oriental medicinal formula for stroke patients in Korea. This study evaluated neuroprotective effects of methanol extract of JRH on global cerebral ischemia in rats. Changes of the pyramidal neurons, Bax and TUNEL immuno-positive neurons in CA1 hippocampus were observed using immunohistochemistry. Methods : Sprague-Dawley Rats were induced with temporal global cerebral ischemia (TGI) by occluding the bilateral common carotid artery with hypotension, The rats were divided into 3 groups. We treated one group with methanol extract of JRH after operation, another group before and after the operation. We observed Bax expressions inducing apoptosis of neurons and TUNEL-positive Pyramidal Neurons as an index of survival and apoptosis of pyramidal neurons in CA1 Hippocampus. Results : JRH treatment before and after TGI inhibited Bax expression in CA1 hippocampus. JRH treatment before and after TGI reduced the cell death of pyramidal neurons in CA1 hippocampus. JRH treatment after TGI reduced the cell death of pyramidal neurons in CA1 hippocampus. JRH treatment before and after TGI reduced TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 hippocampus. Conclusion : These results suggest that JRH has a neuroprotective effect (by anti-apoptosis) against cerebral ischemia.

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