• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.681-690
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• 2019

The infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) was investigated in fishes from coastal lakes in Gangwon-do, the Republic of Korea (Korea). All fishes collected in 5 lakes were examined with the artificial digestion method. More than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Centrocestus armatus, Metorchis orientalis, M. taiwanensis, Clinostomum complanatum, Echinostoma spp., Stictodora spp., Diplostomum sp. and Diplostomid No. 1. by Morita (1960), of DTM were detected in fishes from 5 coastal lakes in Gangwon-do. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 52 (41.3%) out of 126 sea rundace, Tribolodon hakonensis, from 5 lakes, and their density was 14.6 per fish infected. P. summa metacercariae were detected in 48 (84.2%) out of 57 mullets from 5 lakes, and their density was 316 per fish infected. C. armatus metacercariae were detected in 7 (14.6%) T. hakonensis and 3 (15.0%) Tridentiger brevispinis from Hyang-ho, and 5 (19.2%) Acanthogobius flavimanus from Gyeongpo-ho. Stictodora spp. metacercariae were found in 4 fish species, i.e., Tridentiger obscurus, Tridentiger trigonocephalus, Chelon haematocheilus, and Acanthogobius lactipes, from Gyeongpo-ho. Total 15 C. complanatum metacercariae were detected in 2 (9.1%) crucian carp, Carassius auratus, from Songji-ho. M. taiwanensis metacercariae were found in T. hakonensis from Hyang-ho and Gyeongpo-ho and in Pseudorasbora parva from Gyeongpo-ho. Total 11 M. orientalis metacercariae were detected in 3 (6.3%) T. hakonensis from Hyang-ho. From the above results, it was confirmed that various species of DTM are infected in fishes from coastal lakes in Gangwon-do, Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

The egg morphology of minute intestinal flukes (MIF) that can occur as human infections in the Republic of Korea, i.e., Metagonimus yokogawai, M. miyatai, M. takahashii, Heterophyes nocens, Heterophyopsis continua, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Stictodora fuscata, Pygidiopsis summa, and Gymnophalloides seoi, was studied in comparison with Clonorchis sinensis. The adult worms were obtained from residents of endemic areas, and their intrauterine eggs were studied and measured using light microscopy; the length, width, length-width ratio (LWR), and Faust-Meleney index (FMI). Several specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and before gold-coating, the uterine portion of each fluke was etched with a sharp pin in order to expose the eggs. The MIF eggs were ovoid, pyriform, or elliptical with a size range of $21-35{\times}12-21{\mu}m$. S. fuscata eggs revealed the highest FMI (largest in the area) and lowest LWR, whereas P. summa eggs showed the lowest FMI and medium LWR. SEM revealed that G. seoi and S. fuscata had remarkably clean shell surface lacking the muskmelon-like structure which is prominent in C. sinensis eggs. In Metagonimus spp., H. continua, H. nocens, and S. falcatus eggs, minute surface ridges were recognizable though less prominent compared with C. sinensis. On the surface of P. summa eggs, thread-like curly structures were characteristically seen. The results revealed that important differential keys for MIF eggs include the length, width, area (FMI), shape of the eggs, and the extent of the muskmelon-like structure or ridges on their shell surface and operculum.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

The source of human infection with intestinal flukes was surveyed in estuarine fishes, including the dotted gizzard shad, common sea bass, common blackish goby, redlip mullet, black sea bream, and oyster collected from Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea during August and September 2007. Collected fishes and oysters were artificially digested in pepsin-HCl solution and examined under a stereomicroscope. In 36 shads (Konosirus punctatus) and 20 basses (Lateolabrax japonicus) examined, Heterophyopsis continua metacercariae were found in 58.3% and 100%, and their average numbers were 12.0 and 6.3 per infected fish, respectively. In 34 gobies (Acanthogobius flavimanus) examined, metacercariae of H. continua were detected in 79.4%, Stictodora lari in 97.1%, and Acanthotrema felis in 92.1%, and their average numbers were 45.8, 189.3, and 235.3 per infected fish, respectively. In 37 redlip mullets (Chelon haematocheilus), Heterophyes nocens metacercariae were found in 56.8%, Pygidiopsis summa in 94.6%, and Stictodora fuscata in 45.9%, and the average metacercarial densities were 17.4, 31.3, and 35.1 per infected fish, respectively. In 30 black sea breams (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) and 45 oysters (Crassostrea gigas) examined, no metacercariae were detected. From the above results, it has been confirmed that the dotted gizzard shad, common sea bass, common blackish goby, and redlip mullet from Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea are infected with the metacercariae of heterophyid flukes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

A new endemic focus of Gymnophalloides seoi infection has been discovered on Aphae Island(Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do), Republic of Korea. This area, which is referred to as Bokyong-ri, is a small seashore village located in the northern portion of the island. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 57 residents and examined by the Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Helminth eggs were detected in 37 samples(64.9%); 33 samples were positive for G. seoi eggs(57.9%), 4 for Pygidiopsis summa(7.0%), 13 for other heterophyids(22.8%), 1 for Clonorchis sinensis(1.7%), and 1 for Trichuris trichiura(1.7%). Women(70.4%) revealed higher rates of G. seoi infection than did men(46.7%), and individuals older than 50 years of age also evidenced higher rates of G. seoi infection than in other age groups(P<0.05). In worm collection from 13 G. seoi egg positive cases, G. seoi (total 86,558 specimens), Heterophyes nocens(278), Stictodora sp.(10), Heterophyopsis continua(3), P. summa(3), and unidentified flukes(42) were collected. Oysters, the source of G. seoi infection, were collected from an area proximal to the village and 50 were examined for metacercariae; 47(94%) were found infected and the observed metacercarial density was $9.5{\pm}8.9$ per oyster. The results of this study indicate that Bokyong-ri is a new endemic area of G. seoi infection, with high rates of infection in humans and oysters.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.189-191
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• 2009

Four feral cats and a raccoon dog purchased from a local collector on Aphaedo Island, Shinan-gun, where human Gymnophalloides seoi infections are known to be prevalent, were examined for their intestinal helminth parasites. From 2 of 4 cats, a total of 310 adult G. seoi specimens were recovered, Other helminths detected in cats included Heterophyes nocens (1,527 specimens), Pygidiopsis summa (131), Stictodora fuscata (4), Acanthotrema felis (2), Spirometra erinacei (15), toxocarids (4), and a hookworm (1). A raccoon dog was found to be infected with a species of echinostome (55), hook-worms (7), toxocarids (3), P. summa (3), and S. erinacei (1). No G. seoi was found in the raccoon dog. The results indicate that feral cats and raccoon dogs on Aphaedo are natural definitive hosts for intestinal trematodes and cestodes, including G. seoi, H. nocens, and S. erinacei, It has been first confirmed that cats, a mammalian species other than humans, play the role of a natural definitive host for G. seoi on Aphaedo Island.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.345-387
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• 2023

Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea's past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2015

The present study was performed to survey the infection status of zoonotic intestinal trematode (ZIT) in stray cats from 5 major riverside areas in the Republic of Korea. Total 400 stray cats were captured with live-traps in riverside areas of Seomjingang ('gang' means river) (203 cats) from June to October 2010, and of Yeongsangang (41), Nakdonggang (57), Geumgang (38), and Hangang (61 cats) from June to October 2011, respectively. Small intestines resected from cats were opened with a pair of scissors in a beaker with 0.85% saline and examined with naked eyes and under a stereomicroscope. More than 16 ZIT species were detected in 188 (92.6%) cats from Seomjingang areas, and the number of worms recovered was 111 per cat infected. In cats from riverside areas of Yeongsangang, Nakdonggang, Geumgang, and Hangang, more than 9, 8, 3, and 5 ZIT species were recovered, and the worm burdens were 13, 42, 11, and 56 specimens per infected cat, respectively. As the members of family Heterophyidae, more than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Heterophyopsis continua, Acanthotrema felis, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle concava, and Stictodora lari, were recovered. More than 5 species of echinostomes, i.e., Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Echinochasmus sp., Echinoparyphium sp., and unidentified larval echinostomes, were collected. Plagiorchis spp. were detected in cats from areas of Seomjingang and Yeongsangang. From the above results, it has been confirmed that stray cats in 5 major riverside areas of Korea are highly infected with various species of ZITs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

To know the prevalence of heterophyid trematodes among inhabitants of a southern coastal village, i.e., Sacho-ri, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do(Province), 82 stool samples were examined on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Total 33 people(40.2%) were positive for trematodes(Heterophyes nocens; 15 people, Pygidiopsis summa; 3, Metagonimus sp.; 4, Clonorchis sinensis; 7, Gymnophalloides seoi; 6) and/or protozoa(Entamoeba coli; 3). Among intestinal trematode egg positive cases, 17 were treated with praziquantel and their whole diarrheic stools were collected after purgation. Adult flukes of H. nocens(number of specimens=1,294), P. summa(386), Stellantchasmus falcatus(5), Stictodora lari(4), and Heterophyopsis continua(1) were collected using a stereomicroscope. To know the source of human H. nocens infections in this village, metacercarial infections in mullets(10) were examined and most H. nocens metacercariae(101/105, 96.2%) were found in the trunk portion. From above results, the surveyed coastal village has been newly known as an endemic focus of human H. nocens infection and consuming raw mullets was the presumable source of human heterophyid infections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 1984

우리 나라의 인체기생 이형흡충류(요꼬가와흡충, Heterophyes heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Heterophyopsis continua, Pygidiopsis summa) 및 간흡충 충란의.비교형태학적 특징을 관찰함으로써 대편검사에 의한 이들의 진단에 도움이 되도록 하고자 이 연구를 실시하였다. 충란은 감염자를 치료하여 얻은 각 충체의 자궁말단으로부터 분리한 것을 사용하였고 전체적인 외형 및 형태는 물론 길이, 폭 및 길이1폭의 비를 구하여 종별로 비교검토하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간흡충 충란은 전단부가 오목한 약간 긴 난원형이며, 길이 $25.3-33.2{\mu}m$(평균 $28.3{\mu}m$), 폭 14.2-17.4 (15.9)${\mu}m$, 길이1폭의 비가 1.60~2.00(1.78)이었다. 이들은 난각에 주름(wrinkling)이 뚜렷한 점에서 관찰한 모든 이형흡충류 충란과 구별되었다. 2. P. summa의 충란은 난원형 또는 서양배 모양이며 관찰한 충란중 가장 작은 점이 특징이었고, 길이 $19.8~22.9(21.6){\;}{\mu}m$, 폭 $11.1~13.4(12.1){\mu}m$, 3 비는 1.63~1.99(1.78)이었다. 3. S. falcatus의 충란은 장란소형이며 가장 길쭉한 형태인 것이 특징이었고, 길이 $25.3~29.2(27,2){\;}{\mu}m$, 폭 $11.1~13.4(12.5){\mu}m$, 비는 2.00~2.57(2.17)이었다. 요꼬가와흡충 충란은 유타원형 또는 타원형이며 양단이 둥근 편이었고, 길이 $26.9~31.6(28.5){\mu}m$, 폭 $14.2~18.2(16.8){\mu}m$, 비는 1.48~2.11 (1.70)이 었다. 5. H. continua 충란은 난형이었고 요꼬가와흡충란이나 H. h. nocens 충란과 비슷한 경우도 많으나 충란의 길이에 비해서 폭이 가장 크고 최대폭이 충란 후반부에 있는 점이 특징적이었으며, 길이 $23.7~27.7(25.0){\mu}m$, 폭 $15.8~15.9(16.4){\mu}m$, 비는 1.33~1.75(1.53)이었다. 6. H. h. nocens의 충란은 유타도형 또는 난원형이나 요꼬가와흡충보다는 다소 덜 팽대되어 있고 양단이 다소 뾰족한 감을 주는 것이 특징이며, 길이 $23.7~29.2(25.7){\mu}m$, 폭 $14.2~15.8(15.4)){\mu}m$, 비는 1.50~2.06(1.67)이었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 5종 이형흡충류 및 간흡충 충란은 형태학적으로 서로 감별할 수 있을 것으로 생각되나 많은 수의 충란에 대한 세밀한 관찰과 계측이 요구된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1994

1991년 11월파 12월에 전남 해남군 해남읍 시장에서 구입한 전어(30마리). 농어(20 마리). 숭어(30마리). 문절망둑(30마리) 등에서 이형흡충류 피낭유충 감염상을 알아보고자 하였다. 전어에서는 조사한 30마리 중 20마리(66.7%)에서 긴이형흡충(Hetenphyopsis coninua)의 피낭유충이 총 53개가 검출되었다. 농어에서는 조사한 20마리 중 19마리(95.0%)에서 긴이형흡충 피낭유충이 총 327개(감염 어체 당 평균 17.2개)가 검출되었다. 숭어에서는 조사한 30마리 중 11 마리(36.7%)에서 유해이형흡충(Hetenphyes nocens)의 피낭유충이 총 567개(감염 어체당 평균 51.5개)가 검출되었고. 10마리(33.3%)에서 표주박이형흡충(Fygidiopsis summa)과 자루이형흡충 (Stictodora fuscatum)의 피낭유충이 각각 31개 및 349개가 검출되었다 문절망둑에서는 조사한 30마리 중 3마리에서 유해이형흡충의 피낭유충이 총 96개가 검출되었고, 8마리(26.7%)에서 긴이형흡충의 피낭유충이 총 101개(감염어체당 평균 12.6개)가 검출되었으며 3마리에서 자루이형흡충의 피낭유충이 9개가 검출되었다. 이상과 같이 전남 해남군산 반염수어들이 이형흡충류 피낭유충에 농후히 감염되어 있음을 확인하였다.