• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.652-655
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• 2004

The geometry of satellite image captured by linear pushbroom scanner is different from that of frame camera image. Since the exterior orientation parameters for satellite image will vary scan line by scan line, the epipolar geometry of satellite image differs from that of frame camera image. As we know, 2D affine orientation for the epipolar image of linear pushbroom scanners system are well-established by using the collinearity equation (Testsu Ono, 1999). Also, another epipolar geometry of linear pushbroom scanner system is recently established by Habib(2002). He reported that the epipolar geometry of linear push broom satellite image is realized by parallel projection based on 2D affine models. Here, in this paper, we compared the Ono's method with Habib's method. In addition, we proposed a method that generates epipolar resampled images. For the experiment, IKONOS stereo images were used in generating epipolar images.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2002

In this paper, we proposed a simplified strategy for the epipolarity of linear pushbroom imagery. The proposed strategy is verified on "Gupta and Hartly" sensor model and "Orun and Natarajan" sensor model. It is also compared with the precise epipolarity model of each sensor model on SPOT and KOMPSAT imagery. For the quantitative analysis, 20 ground control points are used as independent checking points. Based on the results, the accuracy of the proposed strategy is not different from that of the precise epipolarity model of each sensor model (below 0.1 pixels). Under the worst circumstance, the proposed strategy is robust. We can assure that the proposed strategy will show high accuracy on most of sensor models based on the co-linearity equations.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.182-187
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• 1999

Stereo matching is one of the most crucial parts in DEM generation. Naive stereo matching algorithms often create many holes and blunders in a DEM and therefore a carefully designed strategy must be employed to guide stereo matching algorithms to produce “good” 3D information. In this paper, we describe one such a strategy designed by the use of scene geometry, in particular, the epipolarity for generation of a DEM from linear pushbroom images. The epipolarity for perspective images is a well-known property, i.e., in a stereo image pair, a point in the reference image will map to a line in the search image uniquely defined by sensor models of the image pair. This concept has been utilized in stereo matching by applying epipolar resampling prior to matching. However, the epipolar matching for linear pushbroom images is rather complicated. It was found that the epipolarity can only be described by a Hyperbola- shaped curve and that epipolar resampling cannot be applied to linear pushbroom images. Instead, we have developed an algorithm of incorporating such epipolarity directly in least squares correlation matching. Experiments showed that this approach could improve the quality of a DEM.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1162-1164
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• 2003

The methods of the geometric reconstruction and sensor calibration of satellite linear pushbroom images are investigated. The model of the sensor used is based on the SPOT model that is developed by Kraiky. The satellite trajectory is a Keplerian trajectory in the approximation. Four orbit parameters, longitude of the ascending node(${\omega}$), inclination of the orbit plan(I), latitude argument of the satellite(W) and distance between earth center and satellite, are used for the camera modeling. Time-dependent orbit parameters are expressed by quadratic polynomials. SPOT-5 images have been used for validation tests. The results are that the RMSE acquired from 20 GCPs is 1.763m and the RMSE of 5 checking points 2.470m. Because the ground resolution of SPOT-5 is 2.5m, the result obtained in this study has a good accuracy. It demonstrates that the sensor model developed by this study can be used to reconstruct the geometry of satellite image using pushbroom camera.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 현재 고해상도 위성 영상을 촬영하는 대부분의 카메라인 pushbroom형태 의 선형 CCD카메라의 기하학적 모델 및 좌표변환 과정을 제안한다. 제안되는 모델은 원시 영상 자표계로 부터 지도 좌표계까지의 정함수 변환 뿐아니라 반대 방향의 역함수 변환도 포함한다. 실제로 resampling의 용이성이나 구현의 효율성을 감안할 때 역함수 변환이 사용되어야 하지만, pushbroom형태의 영상일 경우 그 촛점의 위치가 시간에 따라 변화하므로 역함수 변환 함수가 단 순한 수학적 형태로 성립될 수 없다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 반복 연산과 수렴을 통한 역함수 변 환의 유도를 제안한다. 제안되는 기하학적 모델은 모든 선형 CCD 위성영상에 적용될 수 있으나 본 논문에서는 유도의 편이성을 위해 현재 비행모델을 제작 중이며 1998년 후반에 발사 예정인 우리별 3호의 고해상도 카메라 영상에 촛점을 맞추었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.315-318
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• 2006

Pushbroom 방식의 CCD 영상에서 발생하는 pixel들 사이의 Non-uniformity 원인은 CCD pixel 면적의 차이, Dark current 영향, Output amplifier 차이, input radiance의 차이 등과 같은 CCD의 특성에 의해 발생하게 되며, CCD의 특성에 의해 발생되는 pixel사이의 상대복사량 차이인 Non-uniformity errors은 위성영상에서 줄무늬의 일차적 원인이 된다. 이러한 CCD의 상대복사보정을 위해서는 일차적으로 CCD의 특성을 잘 파악할 수 있는 지상에서 보정 값이 계산되어져야 하며 위성발사 후 보정 값이 다시 update 되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 다목적실용위성2호의 상대복사보정을 위한 준비로서, 지상에서 만들어진 MSC CCD PAN1 영상과 Pushbroom 방식의 다목적실용위성1호 영상을 시험자료로 이용하여 pixel 사이의 줄무늬를 제거하기 위한 상대복사보정을 수행하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1165-1167
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• 2003

Geometric corrections are required to compensate skew effects, earth rotation effects and so on. Parameters for geometric modeling can be acquired from the metadata information. These parameters allow to locate on ground every pixel of acquired images. In this paper, we tested the precision of geometric modeling of linear pushbroom images, acquired by SPOT 3 and 5 using the satellite orbit information itself without additional external data. The result acquired from examination to recovery the geometry of image using 30 GCPs have about 650m RMSE in SPOT 3 and about 170m RMSE in SPOT 5.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2002

일반적으로 위성영상으로부터 위치정보를 획득하기 위해서는 센서와 촬영대상간의 기하학적 관계를 규명하는 센서모델링이 선행되어야 한다. 그러나 Linear CCD (Charge Coupled Device) 배열에 의해 얻어지는 Pushbroom 위성영상은 Frame 센서에 의해 얻어지는 영상과 달리 영상을 획득하는 동안에 투영중심의 위치와 자세가 시간에 따라 변하기 때문에 정확한 센서모델링에 어려움이 있다. 또한 영상에 대한 궤도정보가 알려지지 않거나 불확실한 경우에는 물리적 센서모델의 적용에 어려움이 따르게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인공위성의 궤도정보가 알려지지 않거나 불확실한 경우에 Frame, Pushbroom, Whiskbroom, SAR 영상 등 다양한 영상자료에 적합한 센서모델로서 RFM(Rational Function Model)의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해서 KOMPSAT EOC 영상과 SPOT영상에 RFM을 적용하였으며, 지상기준점을 20개, 30개, 40개, 50개, 60개, 70개의 경우로 나누어 지상기준점의 개수와 배치 및 RFM 계수의 차수변화에 따른 RFM의 정확도를 분석하였다. 또한 수학적 모델 중에 하나인 DLT를 구현하여 RFM과 비교하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.543-547
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• 2002

In this paper, we introduce a more improved camera modeling method for linear pushbroom images than the method proposed by Orun and Natarajan(ON). ON model shows an accuracy of within 1 pixel if more than 10 ground control points(GCPs) are provided. In general, there is high correlation between platform position and attitude parameters but ON model ignores attitude variation in order to overcome such correlation. We propose a new method that obtains an optimal solution set of parameters without ignoring the attitude variation. We first assume that attitude parameters are constant and estimate platform position's. Then we estimate platform attitude parameters using the values of estimated position parameters. As a result, we can set up an accurate camera model for a linear pushbroom satellite scene. In particular, we can apply the camera model to its surrounding scenes because our model provide sufficient information on satellite's position and attitude not only for a single scene but also for a whole imaging segment. We tested on two images: one with a pixel size 6.6m$\times$6.6m acquired from EOC(Electro Optical Camera), and the other with a pixel size 10m$\times$l0m acquired from SPOT. Our camera model procedures were applied to the images and gave satisfying results. We had obtained the root mean square errors of 0.5 pixel and 0.3 pixel with 25 GCPs and 23 GCPs, respectively.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권8호
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2013

In this study, to clearly establish the concept of a geometric modeling I apply for the concept of Pushbroom, limited to two-dimensional radiation Locator to provide a three-dimensional information purposes. Respect to the radiation scanner Pushbroom modeling techniques, geometric modeling method was presented introduced to extract three-dimensional information as long as the rotational component of the Gamma-Ray Linear Pushbroom Stereo System, introduced the two-dimensional and three-dimensional spatial information in the matching relation that can be induced. In addition, the pseudo-inverse matrix by using the conventional least-squares method, GCP(Ground Control Point) to demonstrate compliance by calculating the key parameters. Projection transformation matrix is calculated for obtaining three-dimensional information from two-dimensional information can be used as the primary relationship, and through the application of a radiation image matching technology will make it possible to extract three-dimensional information from two-dimensional X-ray imaging.