• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.215-224
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• 2018

The climate change is expected to weaken the habitat of Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii, but they are still in high demand for planting. This study aims to suggest the rational community planting design based on natural forests' community structure in the southeastern region of Korea (warm temperate zone). For this study, we surveyed 22 plots of Pinus densiflora community and 60 plots of P. thunbergii community in Busan Metropolitan City which is located in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. We investigated the diameter of breath hight (DBH) and population of each tree layer in a $100m^2$ quadrat and used a regression analysis to derive a regression equation for estimating the mean number of planting individuals in each DBH. The coefficient between canopy layer's DBH and growth individuals per unit area ($100m^2$) was 0.700 for P. thunbergii communities and 0.533 for P. densiflora communities, indicating very high explanatory power by single factor. The predicted regression equation of between DBH and growth density was $Y=31.176e^{-0.055x}$ (X=DBH, Υ=growth individuals per $100m^2$) for P. thunbergii communities and $Y=38.351e^{-0.059x}$ for P. densiflora communities. Planting densities of P. densiflora communities and P. thunbergii communities in southeast region were higher than the central region.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.216-224
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• 1983

This work was undertaken to obtain some characteristics of proteolytic enzyme of marine gastropods such as sea hare, Aplysia kurodai, top shell, Turbo cornutus, and abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. An influence of pH, temperature and some chemicals on proteolytic activity of the crude enzyme extracted from digestive tract of the samples was taken into account and the stability of the enzyme during the storage at low temperature was also discussed. In comparison of the activities of the crude enzyme from the samples to the optimum conditions, it was characterized that abalone has twice or the more times higher activities than the other two species of the gastropoda in the acid and weak acid region, while, in the alkaline region, sea hare has six or the more times higher acitivities than the other two species. The proteolytic activity was facilitated by $Mn^{2+}$, some reducing agents, EDTA and DTT, and inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$ and SDS, but the other chemicals were not significantly affected to the activity. The low temperature storage of the enzymes of sea hare and top shell at $0^{\circ}C\;or\;-20^{\circ}C$ was not affected to the enzymic activity under the optimum pH condition except in the alkaline region. On the other hand, the low temperature storage was brought about no significant effect on the activity of the enzymes extracted from abalone under the optimum condition of the weak acid region, but apparently influenced to the activity under the optimum condition of the acid and alkaline region.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2023

In a signal transduction network, from the perception of stress signals to stress-responsive gene ex- pression, binding of various transcription factors to cis-acting elements in stress-responsive promoters coordinate the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. Among the AP2/ERF transcription factor family genes, group VII ERF genes, such as RAP2.12, RAP2.2, RAP2.3, AtERF73/HRE1, and AtERF71/ HRE2, are known to be involved in the response to hypoxia stress in Arabidopsis. In this study, we dissected the HRE1 promoter to identify hypoxia-responsive region(s). The 1,000 bp upstream promoter region of HRE1 showed increased promoter activity in Arabidopsis protoplasts and transgenic plants under hypoxia conditions. Analysis of the promoter deletion series of HRE1, including 1,000 bp, 800 bp, 600 bp, 400 bp, 200 bp, 100 bp, and 50 bp upstream promoter regions, using firefly luciferase and GUS as reporter genes indicated that the -200 to -100 region of the HRE1 promoter is responsible for the transcriptional activation of HRE1 in response to hypoxia. In addition, we identified two putative hypoxia-responsive cis-acting elements, the ERF-binding site and DOF-binding site, in the -200 to -100 region of the HRE1 promoter, suggesting that the expression of HRE1 might be regulated via the ERF transcription factor(s) and/or DOF transcription factor(s). Collectively, our results suggest that HRE1 contains hypoxia-responsive cis-acting elements in the -200 to -100 region of its promoter.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07e
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• pp.1903-1904
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• 1997

This paper was dealt with the experiments of the traverse flow and excited CW $CO_2$ Laser. The discharge and laser output characteristics of CW $CO_2$ laser has been investigated. A stable resonator was adopted for the power extraction from the length of 0.9m discharge region with the gap length of 15mm. The maximum output power of about 100W was obtained at the first experiment with the total filling pressure of 30torr, $CO_2$ : $N_2$ : He = 1:3:16.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

At existing skin detection methods using skin color information defined based on the prior knowldege, threshold value to be used at the stage of dividing the backround and the skin region was decided on a subjective point of view through experiments. Also, threshold value was selected in a passive manner according to their background and illumination environments in these existing methods. These existing methods displayed a drawback in that their performance was fully influenced by the threshold value estimated through repetitive experiments. To overcome the drawback of existing methods, this paper propose a skin region detection method using a histogram approximation based on the mean shift algorithm. The proposed method is to divide the background region and the skin region by using the mean shift method at the histogram of the skin-map of the input image generated by the comparison of the similarity with the standard skin color at the CbCr color space and actively finding the maximum value converged by brightness level. Since the histogram has a form of discontinuous function accumulated according to the brightness value of the pixel, it gets approximated as a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) using the Bezier Curve method. Thus, the proposed method detects the skin region by using the mean shift method and actively finding the maximum value which eventually becomes the dividing point, not by using the manually selected threshold value unlike other existing methods. This method detects the skin region high performance effectively through experiments.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1287-1292
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• 2005

This paper presents an effective pattern classification model by designing an artificial neural network based pattern classifiers for face recognition. First, a RGB image inputted from a frame grabber is converted into a HSV image which is similar to the human beings' vision system. Then, the coarse facial region is extracted using the hue(H) and saturation(S) components except intensity(V) component which is sensitive to the environmental illumination. Next, the fine facial region extraction process is performed by matching with the edge and gray based templates. To make a light-invariant and qualified facial image, histogram equalization and intensity compensation processing using illumination plane are performed. The finally extracted and enhanced facial images are used for training the pattern classification models. The proposed H-ART2 model which has the hierarchical ART2 layers and F-LVQ model which is optimized by fuzzy membership make it possible to classify facial patterns by optimizing relations of clusters and searching clustered reference patterns effectively. Experimental results show that the proposed face recognition system is as good as the SVM model which is famous for face recognition field in recognition rate and even better in classification speed. Moreover high recognition rate could be acquired by combining the proposed neural classification models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2011

There are many applications that require robust and accurate eye tracking, such as human-computer interface(HCI). In this paper, a novel approach for eye tracking with a principal component analysis on rotated face. In the process of iris detection, intensity information is used. First, for select eye region using principal component analysis. Finally, for eye detection using eye region's intensity. The experimental results show good performance in detecting eye from FERET image include rotate face.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.263-270
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• 2008

The capillary tube/suction line heat exchanger (SLHX) is widely used in small refrigeration systems. The refrigerant flowing in the SLHX experiences frictional and accelerational head losses, flashing, and heat transfer simultaneously. The simulation of refrigerant flow through SLHX is important since this will help engineers analyze and optimize the SLHX incorporated in a refrigeration system. The present SLHX model is based on conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. Also a meta-stable model is included. All these equations are solved simultaneously. In this paper, HFC-134a refrigerant flow through a non-adiabatic capillary tube is simulated. The simulation results are discussed but not validated against experimental measurements yet.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2000

The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA including the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) have been determined for 11 species in order to analyze their intrageneric relationships. The total length of these sequences ranged from 530 nucleotides for Trichoderma reesei KCTC 1286 to 553 nucleotide for Trichoderma koningii IAM 12534. Generally speaking, the length of ITS1 region was about 30 nucleotides longer than that of the ITS2 region. Also, the sequences of 5.8S rDNA were more conserved in length and variation than those of ITS regions. Although the variable ITS sequences were often ambiguously aligned, the conserved sites were also found. Thus, a neighbor-joining tree was constructed using the full sequence data of the ITS regions and the 5.8S rDNA. The Trichoderma genus used to be grouped on the basis of the morphological features and especially the shape of phialides needs to be reexamined. The phylogenetic tree displayed the presence of monophylogeny in the species of Trichoderma. Therefore, it was difficult to distinguish the intrageneric relationships in the Trichoderma genus.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.437-445
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the equivalent and effective dose, and estimate radiation risk to the critical organs of head and neck region from the use of adult and child mode in panoramic radiography. The results were as follows. 1. The salivary glands showed the highest equivalent and effective dose in adult and child mode. the equivalent and effective dose in adult mode were 837μSv and 20.93μSv, those in child mode were 462μSv and 11.54μSv, respectively. 2. Total effective doses to the critical head and neck organs were estimated 34.21μSv in adult mode, 20.14μSv in child mode. From these datas, the probabilities of stochastic effect from adult and child mode were 2.50x10/sup -6/ and 1.47x10/sup -6/. 3. The other remainder showed the greatest risk of fatal cancer. The risk estimate were 4.5 and 2.7 fatal malignancies in adult and child mode from million panoramic examinations. The bone marrow and thyroid gland showed about 0.1 fatal cancer in adult and child mode from these examinations.