• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2002

Objective : This study is aimed to investigate the effects of bee venom and purified bee venom on cell death in synovial cell line. Methods : It was evaluated by using MTT assay, morphological method, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR. Results : The result obtained is as follows. 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that synovial cell viability was significantly inhibitted dose-dependently by treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control. And the inhibitory effect of BV and PBV was almost same. 2. The morphologic study demonstrated that synovial cell showed apoptotic body resulted from apoptosis after treatment with BV and PBV for 6 hours using microscope. 3. The Flow cytometry demonstrated that apoptosis of synovial cell treated with BV and PBV was related with stop of cell cycle in stage of G0/G1. 4. Immunocytochemistry assay demonstrated that COX-II and iNOS were slightly expressed by treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control group. 5. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that COX-II were almost down-regulated by high dose treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control group. iNOS were well down-regulated by treatment with $5{\mu}g/ml$ BV and PBV whereas it was well expressed in control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that bee venom and purified bee venom have significant effect on cell death in synovial cell line and further study is needed in vivo.

• 분석과학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2016

본 연구는 수용액 상태에서 정제봉독 (purified bee venom, PBV)과 봉독멜리틴 (bee venom melittin, BVM)을 보관하기 위하여 온도, 용매, 농도의 조건에 따른 안정성을 비교 실험한 결과이다. Prep-HPLC (column: C₄)를 이용하여 정제봉독으로부터 98.2%인 봉독멜리틴을 분리하여 사용하였다. 용매에 따른 안정성 실험에서, 생리식염수의 경우 정제봉독은 안정성이 증가되고 봉독멜리틴은 감소되었다. 증류수의 조건에서 정제봉독의 안정성은 감소되었으나 봉독멜리틴은 증가되는 현상이 확인되었다. 봉독멜리틴의 안정성을 장기간 유지하기 위한 최적조건으로는 보관온도 4 ℃, 증류수, 시료의 농도는 1.0 mg/mL의 결과를 얻었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the antigenic potential of purified bee venom (Apis mellifera L., PBV) collected using bee venom collector. Antigenic potential of PBV was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in guinea pigs. PBV was subcutaneously administered at 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg and also as a suspension with adjuvant (Freund's complete adjuvant, FCA). Ovalbumin (OVA) as a suspension with adjuvant was used to introduce positive control response. In the weight measurement and clinical observation, experimental groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. In the autopsy of body, the abnormalities of lung were detected only in the positive control. In the ASA test, experimental groups didn't show any symptoms of anaphylaxis like piloerection, hyperpnea and staggering gait. These results suggested that PBV didn't have antigenic potential in guinea pig.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

The aim of the study was performed to examine the anticariogenic potential of purified bee venom (Apis mellifera L., PBV) collected using bee venom collector from cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The anticariogenic effect of purified bee venom was evaluated by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentraion (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and postantibiotic effect (PAE). The human lower gingiva epithelial cell cytotoxicity of purified bee venom was also evaluated. Purified bee venom exhibited significant inhibition of bacterial growth of S. mutans, S. sanguis, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum with MIC value of 0.68, 0.85, 3.49, and $2.79{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The MBC value of purified bee venom against S. mutans, S. sanguis, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum was 1.34, 1.67, 8.5, and $6.8{\mu}g/ml$. Furthermore, the results of PAE values against S. mutans, S. sanguis, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum showed the bacterial effect with 3.3, 3.45, 2.0, and 2.0. The concentration below 1 mg/ml of purified bee venom had no cytotoxicity in the human lower gingiva epithelial cell. These results suggested that purified bee venom have great potenial as anticariogenic agents.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 서양종꿀벌(Apis mellifera L.) 일벌에서 봉독채집장치를 사용하여 채집한 후 정제한 정제봉독(purified bee venom)의 항비만 효과를 검정하기 위하여 지방전구세포인 3T3-L1 세포에서 지방분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 정제봉독은 1 mg/mL 이하의 농도로 처리했을 경우에는 3T3-L1 세포에서 세포독성을 유발하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 정제봉독을 3T3-L1 세포에 처리한 후 지방분화를 Oil-red-O 염색약으로 염색하여 비교하여 보았을 때, 정제봉독은 무처리구에 비교하여 낮은 지방축적률을 나타내어 지방세포 분화를 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 정제봉독은 지방 분화 특이 전사인자인 C/EBPα와 PPARγ 유전자 발현을 억제시켰다. 이에 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 정제봉독이 지방세포 분화 억제를 통한 항비만 소재로서 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and its association with chronic pain. Purified Bee venom (PBV) has been traditionally used to the treatment for inflammatory diseases. The purpose of the current study is to examine whether PBV regulates the pro-inflammation against a mouse model of knee OA induced by papain. We studied the effect of PBV on papain-induced OA in the knee joints of mice. Mice were split into following groups: normal control, papain induced OA, OA treated with PBV, OA treated with meloxicam as positive control. Proteoglycan deposition was analyzed by safranin O-fast green staining and H&E staining. Papain injection significantly degraded the proteoglycan in OA mice at 42 days. Cartilage proteoglycan density was significantly higher in PBV treated OA group than those of the positive control groups. These results demonstrate that PBV efficiently suppresses pathological processes in an OA model. Thus, PBV could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2014

서양종 꿀벌로부터 봉독채집장치를 이용하여 채집한 정제봉독의 pH 안정성에 대하여 평가하고자 멜리틴의 함량, 단백질의변화, 항균력, 세포증식률을 측정하였다. 정제봉독을 pH2에서 pH9까지 24시간 동안 처리한 후 멜리틴 함량과 단백질의 변화, S. aureus, P. acnes, S. mutans와 E. coli에 대한 항균력, 피부세포인 HDF에 대한 세포증식률에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. pH2에서부터 pH9까지 각각 처리한 정제봉독의 멜리틴 및 단백질 성분의 변화는 확인되지 않았다. 봉독의 주요 약리효과인 항균력에 있어서도 시험균주마다 다소 차이가 있었으나 S. aureus, P. acnes, S. mutans와 E. coli 모두 산도에 따른 유의할 만한 변화는 확인되지 않았다. 또한 피부세포 증식률에 있어서도 산도에 따른 변화는 확인되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 봉독의 pH처리는 멜리틴 함량, 단백질의 변화, 항균력 및 세포증식률에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인되어 봉독은 산도의 변화에 있어 안정성이 매우 높은 것으로 사료된다.