• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2016

One major constraint in the development and implementation of a successful and cost-effective area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme with a SIT component for Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the ability to produce a large number of high quality mass-reared individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a more efficient and practical egg collection system in an attempt to improve the mass-rearing of this species. The following basic parameters were examined: egg production per female, egg hatch, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and percentage of fliers. Three different strains (Israel wild-type, France wild-type, and Greece laboratory) were tested and each strain was evaluated for six generations. Female flies of the Israel strain produced significantly more eggs per female than the other two strains, but egg hatch was significantly lower. Egg hatch of the France wild type and the Greece laboratory strain was similar. For all other parameters, there was no significant difference between strains; however, there was a significant generational effect for all parameters observed. As a result of this study, a protocol was developed for the mass-rearing of this species that included the use of large adult holding cages that could house up to 96,000 flies per cage. The newly developed method of egg collection using a flat wax panel as one of the sides of an adult holding cage proved to be cost-effective, efficient, making colony growth easier for industrial mass-rearing.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the growth rate of larval and pupal parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori fed with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps) treated $MR_2$ mulberry leaves, the following works have been considered. The AgNp was synthesized by chemical reduction method, it was diluted by different concentrations such as 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (without dilution). Fresh mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) were sprayed by each concentration and were fed to silkworms, from $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ instar, five feedings/day. Group $T_1$ larvae received $MR_2$ mulberry leaves sprayed with distilled water and served as control, group $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$ larvae received 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% AgNps sprayed mulberry leaves, respectively. Silkworm larvae fed on M. alba ($MR_2$) leaves sprayed with 25% concentration of AgNps (group $T_2$) was significantly increased the larvae and cocoon length, width and weight as compared to those fed on control (group $T_1$) $MR_2$ mulberry leaves and other groups ($T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$). Hence, 25% AgNps dose was fixed as an effective dose. It has been observed from the present study that 25% AgNps treated (group $T_2$) leaves fed by silkworms have enhanced the larval and pupal growth and quantity of silk production than control.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.143-145
• /
• 2005

Lamerin breed of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. for Northeastern India hosts a vertically transmitted microsporidian parasite for generations, which does not harm significantly the cocoon production. The transversally infected progenies do not exhibit marked external sign or symptom. The microspordian causes inapparent infection and over $(80\%)$ of the infected progeny survives and spin cocoons. There is possibility of co-existence between the breed and the associated micosporidian parasite. To evaluate the impact of the microsporidian on breed the present study was conducted in respect of tranovarial transmitted (observed as T1), secondarily infected (observed as T2) and healthy silkworm (observed as T3). The larval and pupal mortality was $12\%$ and $6\%$ in T1 and $10\%$ and $3\%$ in T2 batch, while in case of T3 batch there was no mortality. Significant changes were also observed in single cocoon weight, single shell weight, denier, reelibility, raw silk recovery $\%$ and neetness. There is no significant impact of the infection on the fecundity and hatchability. The hatchability of the eggs laid by healthy or infected moths are equall as much as control but the progeny had the infection transmitted from the parent.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.76-87
• /
• 1994

High density lipophorin-L (HDLP-L) was purified from the hemolymph of Bombyx modi using KBr density gradient ultracentrifugation and gel permeation chromatographv (Sephadex G-2001. Lipophorin has native molecular weight of 730 Nd and consists of Apo-Lp I and Apo-Lp II with molecular weights of 250 Kd and 90 Kd, respectively. Lp contains large amounts of glutamine & glutamic acid, threonine, leucine but small amounts of cysteic acid & oxidized cystine, tyrosine, methionine. Lp also contains diacylglycerol, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Anti-lipophorin showed positive reaction with fat body and ovarial extracts and also revealed immunological identity with lipophorin of Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. Lipophorin maintains constant level during larval and pupal stapes but greatlv increases during adult stage in both male and female. Apo-Lp III was purified from adult hemolymph. Hemolymph was subjected to KBr ultracentrifusation and Lp-free fraction was submitted to cation exchange chromatosraphy after ammonium sulfate precipitation. Apo-Lp III has molecular weight of 17 Kd, and similar amino acid composition ar those of other species Lp but contains high amounts of tryptophan which other are tacking in.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2016

Mealworms, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), are widely used as food sourcefor animal rearing as well as human diet. Conventionally, mealworms raised on wheat bran. In this study, we investigated the effects of brewer's spent grain (BSG) on the growth of mealworm larvae to reduce the rearing cost. We prepared five different diets with various BSG content, 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% of heated air dried BSG with wheat bran. We compared survivorship, larval weight, developmental duration, pupation rate, and pupal weight of five different groups of T. molitor raised on these five diets. The larval survivorships were almost similar with the control group except a group with 70% of BSG. For the larval weight, groups with 30% and 50% of BSG gained more weight than that with control treatment, 0% of BSG. For the developmental period, the groups with 30% of BSG took less time compared to the control group. In all treatment groups, more than 90% of pupation rate were observed. Especially, the group with 30% of BSG showed highest pupation rate among the five groups. Wheat bran with 30~50% of BSG was the optimal diet for successive insect rearing among the five diet treatments. Based on this study, we concluded that adding BSG to wheat bran helps to improve the quality of T. molitor and to reduce the rearing period.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2015

곤충 생리현상의 가소성은 후생유전적 변화와 밀접하게 관련을 지을 수 있다. 이 가설을 증명하기 위해 광식성인 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua)을 대상으로 상이한 먹이 조건에 따라 이 곤충의 발육과 DNA 메틸화에 영향을 주는 지 분석하였다. 동일한 코호트로 부터 얻은 갓 부화한 유충을 최종령에 이르기까지 세 가지 다른 먹이(대파, 배추, 인공사료)로 섭식 처리하였다. 이 결과 상이한 먹이 조건에 따라 유충발육속도, 용화율 및 우화율에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 인공사료로 사육된 유충이 가장 빠른 유충발육속도와 높은 용화율 및 우화율을 나타냈다. 반면에 두 자연 기주 가운데는 대파가 배추에 비해 파밤나방 발육에 양호하였다. 이러한 먹이에 따른 변이는 혈림프 단백질 및 혈당에서도 차이가 나타났다. 또한 발육과 연계되었을 것으로 추정되는 인슐린유사펩타이드(SeILP1) 유전자의 발현 정도도 먹이조건에 따라 상이했다. 단일항체를 이용하여 파밤나방 게놈 DNA의 시토신 메틸화를 분석한 결과 이 부위에 DNA 메틸화가 검출되었으며, 메틸화 정도는 먹이 조건에 따라 상이했다. 이 결과들은 동일 집단의 파밤나방이 상이한 먹이 조건에 따라 발육차이를 나타내고 또한 시토신 메틸화에 변이를 보여 이 곤충의 생리적 가소성에 후생유전적 인자가 작용하고 있는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.154-166
• /
• 1999

General characteristics and life span of silkworm moth were investigated amongst 277 gene resources preserved and maintained in Korea. Silkworm varieties were classified according to the commercial characteristics and the viability of tested varieties. There were significant differences among the eight different commercial characteristics of silkworm such as whole larval period, duration of 5th instar, pupal body weight, single cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, cocoon yield and longevity, Tropical race showed the longest life span among the other five geographical races, and followed by Japanese, European, Chinese and Korean race in order. In the longevity of each variety, Daizo(sdi) showed the shortest life span with 4.3days, and J037 was the longest as 16.0 days. Average longevity of female was 11.1 days as showed 3.0 days longer than that of male which was 8.2 days. Total average longevity of the whole varieties was 9.7days. In the correlation between the longevity and commercial characteristics, there was a tendency that the commercial characteristics became better when the life span was longer. According to the result of Complete Linkage Cluster Analysis, the genetic resources of 277 silkworm varieties classified into 5 groups such as “Group I”for short life span with low cocoon yielding “Group II”for middle life span with middle cocoon yielding,“Group III”for the shortest life span with low cocoon yielding, “Group IV”for high pupation rate and the highest cocoon yielding with comparatively long life span, and “Group V”for the longest life span with comparatively high cocoon yielding.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 1995

Recently, the cocoon production is reducing very steeply in Japan. The main reason for this cocoon reduction is due to high labor cost and the production expense is apt to rise year by year. Accordingly, the improvement of cocoon productivity by retrenchment of the production expense is intensively required in my country. Therefore, the silkworm rearing on the artificial diet is largely expected as the innovation techniques of sericulture. Since rearing of the silkworm on artificial diets has first been achieved in 1960, and the silkworm larvae were reared throughout all the instars on artificial diets(Fukuda et al., 1960, Ito & Tanaka, 1960). The artificial diets used at this time contained 50% or more of dried, pulverized mulberyy leaves as one of the main ingredients, and the composition was rather simple. When reared on these diets, larval growth and development were retarded, small cocoons appeared, and the adults laid only a small number of eggs. At first, we would like to study about nutritional requirement of the silkworm, using the chemically defined diet which prepared artificially. Subsequently, attempts were made to improve the diets by replacement of crude ingredients with possibly purer compounds, as mentioned later. Before giving the details on individual nutrient, I would like to summarize about the outline of utilization flow of various nutrients through the larval-pupal development and these daily quantitative requirements per body weight in the silkworm when they were reared on mulberry leaves.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 1975

가잠견의 실용형질에 있어서 자웅간의 개체차이를 알기 위하여 잠 111$\times$잠 112의 19아구 (자견 843과, 웅견 806과)에 대하여 각 시양형질별로 견질의 개체변이, 동 아구내변이 및 동 아구간변이를 조사하였고, 정적 자웅 각 300과에 대한 일변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 견질의 변이 2. 견질의 일변화 전견중의 감모율은 용기의 초기보다 말기에 컸으며 그 경향은 자견보다 웅견이 더 컸다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 1999

집파리(Musca domestica) 3령 유충의 먹이에 imidacloprid (30, 100 ppm)와 IGR계 살충제인 flufenoxuron (3, 10 ppm), triflumuron (10 ppm) 및 teflubenzuron (3 ppm) 등을 섞어주었을 때, 이들 약제가 번데기의 무게, 성충의 수명, 산란수, 산란된 알의 부화율 등에 미치는 영향을 실험실에서 검토하였다. Imidacloprid 100 ppm 을 처리하였을 때 번데기의 무게는 감소하였으나 산란수에는 차이가 없었으며, flufenoxuron 10 ppm을 처리하였을 때는 무처리나 다른 처리를 비해서 번데기 무게가 감소하고 산란수도 감소하였다. 그러나 처리한 약제의 종류나 농도에 관계없이 우화한 성충의 수명이나 그 성충이 낳은 알의 부화율에는 아무런 영향이 없었다.