• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 3중 모드 고효율 DC-DC 벅 변환기를 설계하였다. 설계된 벅 변환기는 부하 전류가 큰 경우(100mA~500mA)에는 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) 제어 방식을 사용하고, 부하 전류가 작은 경우(1mA~100mA)에는 PFM(Pulse Frequency Modulation) 제어 방식을 사용하며, 부하 전류가 1mA 이하인 대기모드(sleep mode)에서는 LDO(Low Drop Out)를 사용한다. 또한, PFM 모드에서 부하 전류가 작은 경우 효율을 증가시키기 위해 DPSS(Dynamic Partial Shutdown Strategy) 기법을 사용하였다. 그 결과 설계된 변환기는 넓은 부하 전류 범위에서 높은 효율을 얻을 수 있다. 제안된 벅 변환기는 CMOS 0.18um공정을 이용하여 설계되었다. 최대 효율은 96.4% 이고, 최대 부하 전류는 500mA이다. 입력과 출력 전압은 각각 3.3V와 2.5V이며, 칩 크기는 PAD를 포함하여 1.15mm ${\times}$ 1.10mm이다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.411-414
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 DPSS 기능을 갖는 3중 모드 DC-DC buck 변환기를 설계하였다. 설계된 buck 변환기는 부하 전류가 큰 경우(80mA~500mA)에는 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) 제어 방식을 사용하고, 부하 전류가 작은 경우(1mA~80mA)에는 PFM(Pulse Frequency Modulation) 제어 방식을 사용하며, 부하 전류가 1mA 이하인 대기모드(sleep-mode)에서는 LDO(Low Drop Out)를 사용한다. 또한, PFM 제어 방식에서 부하 전류가 작은 경우 효율을 증가시키기 위해 DPSS(Dynamic Partial Shutdown Strategy) 기법을 사용하였다. 그 결과 넓은 부하 전류 범위에서 높은 효율을 얻을 수 있다. 제안된 벅 변환기는 CMOS 0.18um 공정을 이용하여 설계되었다. 3.3V의 입력전압을 받아 2.5V의 출력전압으로 강압시키며, 최대 부하전류는 500mA이고, 스위칭 주파수는 1MHz이다. 최대효율은 97.03 %, 칩 크기는 PAD를 포함하여 $1465um{\times}895um$이다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.107-111
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• 1997

Pressure control is possible by pulse width modulation signal driving a simple ON/OFF 2-way valve of hydraulic servo system. But it indices pressure fluctuation due to repeated on-off action and the pressure varies according to the duty ratio and carrier frequency. So mean pressure and ripple amplitude are arranged by experimental study as the driving signal change which decides the pressure characteristics. As the result selection criteria of the major design parameters may be established and the basic strategy to suppress the unnecessary flucturion may be provided for a hydraulic pressure control system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.529-539
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• 2005

The development of a fast, accurate, and inexpensive position-controlled pneumatic actuator that may be applied to various practical positioning applications with various external loads is described in this paper. A novel modified pulse-width modulation (MPWM) valve pulsing algorithm allows on/off solenoid valves to be used in place of costly servo valves. A comparison between the system response of the standard PWM technique and that of the modified PWM technique shows that the performance of the proposed technique was significantly increased. A state-feedback controller with position, velocity and acceleration feedback was successfully implemented as a continuous controller. A switching algorithm for control parameters using a learning vector quantization neural network (LVQNN) has newly proposed, which classifies the external load of the pneumatic actuator. The effectiveness of this proposed control algorithm with smooth switching control has been demonstrated through experiments with various external loads.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2014

Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve (ECV) using in an external variable displacement swash plate type compressor is widely used for air conditioning control system because of its low energy consumption and high efficient characteristics. ECV controls the entire vehicle air conditioning system by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) system that supplied from an external controller. Different pressure ports located within ECV has important functions to control the air/refrigerant flow through its internal passages. The flow paths are preciously maintained with acceptable ranges of leakage (gap) between the parts inside it which is followed by effective design and critical dimensioning of its internal features. Therefore, it saves energy losses from the solenoid operation as well as ensures the balance of forces within it. The research paper highlights analysis of the leakages (at different pressure ports) and dimensioning tolerance factors that affects the ECV performance.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2003

The development of a fast, accurate, and inexpensive position-controlled pneumatic actuator that may be applied to a variety of practical positioning applications with various external loads is described in this paper. A novel modified pulse width modulation (MPWM) valve pulsing algorithm allows on/off solenoid valves to be used in place of costly servo valves. A comparison between the system response of standard PWM technique and that of the novel modified PWM technique shows that the control performance is significantly increased. A state feedback controller with position, velocity and acceleration feedback is successfully implemented as the continuous controller. Switching algorithm of control parameter using learning vector quantization neural network (LVQNN) is newly proposed, which estimates the external loads of the pneumatic actuator. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms are demonstrated through experiments with various loads.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.556-561
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• 2000

This paper deals with the control of an active bending actuator fur a catheter. The bending actuator with 40mm in length utilizes three zigzag SMA (shape memory alloy) springs which are equally located in the circumference between inner $({\phi}2.5 mm)$ and outer $({\phi}3.0mm)$ tube. It is purposed on realization of desired bending angle $(90^{\circ})$ and direction $(360^{\circ})$. It is also installed in front of the catheter and used to guide a path at extremely bent or branched blood vessel. The performance-analysis of the bending actuator are investigated fur the purpose of optimizing the control of the bending actuator. The analog joy stick is used to command a bending angle and direction for the fast and accurate response. According to the commands of the joy stick, tensile force of each SMA spring is computed and obtained by controlling the temperature of each SMA spring using PWM (pulse width modulation) of supplied electric power.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2014

In this paper an Improved Zero Voltage Zero Current Pulse Width Modulation Forward converter which employs a simple resonance snubber circuit is introduced. A simple snubber circuit consists of a capacitor, an inductor and two diodes. In proposed converter, switch Q1 operates at ZCS turn-on, and ZVS turn-off conditions and all-passive semiconductor devices operate at ZVZCS turn-on and turn-off state. The proposed converter is analyzed and various operating modes of the ZVZCS-PWM forward converter are discussed. Analysis and design considerations are presented and the prototype experimental results of a 100w (40 V/2.5A) proposed converter operating at 30 KHz switching frequency confirm the validity of theoretical analysis.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.668-679
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• 1990

The fully digitalized inveter has some difficulties in implementation because of the limitation of available memory capacity and computation time. This paper describes a new PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) Inverter technique which linearizes switching angle characteristics of SHEPWM(Selected Harmonic Eliminatin Pulse Width Modulation) Inverter. Also the detailed description of the scheme along with the realization is presented. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed schemes have the advantates such as good voltage waveforms and memory-saving.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

광 역학치료(Photodynamic therapy: PDT) 중 하나인 기존의 LED 광 조사는 연속파(Continuous wave: C.W) 방식의 635 nm 파장으로 여드름 치유에 가장 많이 사용되어 왔으나, 이 방식은 에너지효율이 낮고 생체조직에 열이 많이 발생하여 개선의 방안이 필요했다. 본 논문에서는 에너지효율을 높이고 여드름 치료를 위하여 생체조직에서의 열적 파괴현상을 방지하기위해 PWM(펄스 폭 변조: Pulse Width Modulation)을 활용한 여드름 치료용 LED 광 조사장치를 설계하였다. 시스템 구성은 크게 Timer 모듈, PWM 모듈, 광학전달 장치로 크게 세구성하여 설계하였으며, 여드름 치료를 위한 피부 투과 깊이를 높이기 위하여 광학전달 장치는 660 nm 파장의 1 W LED를 사용하였다. PWM 제어를 이용하여 발생된 주파수와 파형을 확인하고, 660 nm LED의 출력에너지 및 생체조직의 표면온도를 확인하여 안정적인 에너지출력과 생체조직의 안정성에 대해 평가하였다. 그 결과 여드름 치료를 위한 660 nm 파장의 1 W LED 광 에너지를 얻기 위하여 C.W 방식으로 사용하였을 경우 전력손실이 높고 생체조직에서의 열적 파괴현상을 보였으나, PWM 방식을 구현함으로써 펄스 폭 변조를 통하여 LED의 전력소모를 낮추었고, 생체조직의 열적 파괴현상이 나타나지 않아 여드름 치료를 위해 사용할 경우 C.W 방식보다 PWM 방식이 더 안전하고 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.