• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2014

The paper recycling becomes more important technology in terms of the reduction of the municipal waste and of saving natural resource such as wood. However the more utilization of recycled fiber would result in the higher contaminants in the papermaking processes and in the deterioration of the paper quality. The oil marks in the paper products becomes one of the major defects of paper products originated from paper recycling. The coagulation of various stickies in recycled fiber stock led to the oil marks. In this work, we applied functional polymer additives such as the dispersing agents, the fixing agents and the hydrophobic talc powder for the control of those stickies in order to remove the oil marks. The addition of the talc powder showed the great reduction in the oil marks of the packaging paper products. The hydrophobic surface of the talc particles collected the individual sticky materials and prevented their aggregation in the recycled fiber stock, which resulted in the great reduction of the oil marks on the paper products.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2015

The reduction of energy consumption in papermaking process has been considered as one of the major issue in the paper technology. The energy efficiency of paper mill becomes more significant for the mill which manufacture the board grade products such as linerboard with recycled paper such as OCC. The application of lignocellulose spacer to the board grade paper stock would be the feasible solution by increasing the paper bulk and the drying efficiency. The major defects originated from the application of the lignocellulose spacer could be the loss of strength properties. In this study, the ways for improving the strength properties of the spacer-added linerboard were suggested and evaluated. The effects of the addition of various types polyelectrolytes were tested and the different methods of polyelectrolytes were applied for finding the efficient way. The pretreatments of lignocellulose spacer with the polyelectrolytes during wood spacer hydration resulted in the higher strength properties than the typical application method such as the addition to the mixed stock. Multilayer treatments of the spacer with polyelectrolytes were also evaluated and leaded to the higher strength properties with the similar bulk improvement.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

The packaging with environment-friendly materials become more important issue since the concern for the environment and the disposal of waste such as the packaging materials has increased. Although the paper based packaging such as corrugated box are widely used as a typical environment-friendly packaging stuff, the heat insulation properties of paper packaging did not get many attention. In this study, the heat insulation properties of paper were deeply evaluated to improve the functional properties as packaging material of the cold storage goods. The simple device for evaluating the heat insulation of paper product was developed. Subsequently, the changes in the heat insulation depending on the paper structure and the addition of the inorganic fillers were investigated by using the instrument. The higher basis weight and the less beating time resulted in the bulkier structure and the less efficiency of heat transfer. The addition of the perlite powder as a filler resulted in the great increase in the heat insulation, although the addition of the calcium carbonate decreased the heat insulation potential of paper.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2008

Polyethylene terephtahalate has been used in several areas such as fiber, film, bottle, and disposable products. Production of PET has been rapidly increasing these days. Since PET is a semi-permanent material, it has a non-biodegradable character in itself. Wasted PET products can cause serious environmental problems. Many countries around the world impose environmental legal restrictions over their abandonments. Many researches on the enviromental influence factors and treatment techniques of the wasted PET have been carried out. The main objective of this study is to develop a new sizing agent using recycling PET and improve its internal sizing effect. Dried powder of PET was used to make the modified PET. After extracting water-dispersible PET by subcritical hydrolysis, polyester resins have been extracted and triphenyl phosphate(TPP) has been added to obtain optimal internal sizing agent. It was found that the optimum dosage of TPP was 2% (per PET weight) and the hydrolysis temperature was independent on making the modified PET.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2013

The biodegradable mulching paper could be applied for the environmental friendly agriculture as an alternative to the current vinyl mulching. In order to increase the usability of the mulching paper, the effects of the addition of various inorganic materials on the functionality of the mulching paper were evaluated in terms of practical benefits. The blend of carbonized rice husk powder and perlite resulted in the higher value in the air permeability of the mulching paper, which would be important for the health of plant root. The heat conservative of the mulching paper could be improved by adding the bottom ash or the fly ash because of the pore structure of the ashes. The pH of acidic soil could be neutralized by using the mulching paper containing paper-mill sludge ash or fly ash. The various results showed the addition of the inorganic materials could improve the functional properties of the mulching paper.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

폐알칼리망간전지로부터 침출과 공침반응을 이용하여 Mn-Zn ferrite 분말을 제조하기 위한 기초실험을 수행하였다. 100g/L 광액 농도 3.0M $H_2SO_4$, $60^{\circ}C$ 및 교반속도 200 rpm의 조건에서 과산화수소 30ml를 첨가하여 얻어진 아연과 망간의 침출율은 각각 97.9%, 93.9% 이상이었으며, 침출용액을 가지고 반응시간, 반응온도, $O_2$ 가스량을 조절하며 공침반응을 진행하였다. 공침반응 결과 pH 12, $80^{\circ}C$, $O_2$ 1.3L/min, 교반속도 400 rpm의 조건에서 Mn-Zn ferrite를 저온 합성할 수 있었다. 합성된 Mn-Zn ferrite분말은 $0.143{\mu}m$의 구형 ferrite로서 80 emu/g의 포화자화값을 가지고 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 유자박분말(YP)에 효소처리하여 불용성 식이섬유를 수용성 식이섬유로 전환시키고, 효소처리한 유자박분말(EYP)을 이용하여 유자과립을 제조 후 이의 이화학적특성, 제형안정성과 기능적 특성을 알아보았다. 유자박분말에 CL을 처리할 때 48.68%로 가장 우수한 가용화정도를 나타냈다. FE-SEM으로 YP와 EYP의 미세구조 관찰결과 효소처리 후 표면 불규칙하고 다공성이 됨을 확인하였다. YP에서 EYP로 변함에 따라 총 식이섬유의 함량은 비슷하지만 SDF는 1.5배 증가하였고, IDF는 2배 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, SDF/IDF는 3배 증가하였다. 식이섬유의 구성성분인 hemicellulose는 3배 감소하였고, cellulose는 2.5배 감소하였다. 유리당은 YP에서 galacturonic acid와 arabinose가 없었으나 효소처리 후 각각 1.64, 2.91 mg/g DW 생성되었다. 효소처리에 따라 설탕은 30% 감소하였으며, 포도당은 2배 증가함을 보였다. EYP를 이용하여 5가지 유자과립을 제조하였고, 이화학적 특성과 기능적 특성을 조사한 결과 유자과립의 pH는 3.25-3.28, 산도는 3.42-3.84%, 당도는 8.7-8.9°Brix를 나타냈다. 색도는 V의 황색이 21.57로 가장 높았으며, EYP의 함량에 비례해 황색이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 제형안정성은 전체적으로 보았을 때 15% EYP를 함유한 IV가 용해도를 제외한 수분보유력, 유지보유력, 팽윤력, 흐름성에서 각각 1.07, 2.36, 2.60 g/g, 20.09 Arctano으로 제형안정성이 우수하였다. 플라보노이드 함량은 narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin을 측정하였고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 EYP의 함량에 따라 증가하여 IV (15% EYP)와 V (20% EYP)가 7.69 mg/g으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 항산화능과 tyrosinase저해활성능은 IV에서 각각 68.4, 82.5%로 우수함을 보여, 전체적으로 유자박이 많이 첨가된 과립이 항산화능과 미백효능이 뛰어났다. 본 연구의 데이터를 종합적으로 볼 때 유자박분말에 효소처리를 통해 수용성이 높아지는 유자박분말을 생산하였고, 이를 이용해 제조한 유자과립은 기능성식품으로 가치가 높을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 소비자의 건강에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 기능성물질을 포함한 제품 개발 역시 증가하는 추세이며 본 연구에서 제조한 유자과립은 naringin, narirutin, hesperidin, neohesperidin 등의 기능성 플라보노이드, 식이섬유, 유산균을 함유하고 있어 산업적으로 이용가치가 높을 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2007

Highly porous composite bioceramic bone scaffolds were developed using sintered gnotobiotic pig bones. These scaffolds consisted of poly-D,L-lactic acid (P(D,L)LA) and bioceramic materials of pig bone powder. The bone scaffolds were able to promote biocompatibility and possess interconnected pores that would support cell adhesion and proliferation adequately. The composite scaffolds were tested with dental pulp stem cells for cytotoxicity test. Cells seeded on the composite scaffolds were readily attached, well proliferated, as confirmed by cytotoxicity test, and cell adhesion assessment. The composite bone scaffold had no toxicity in cytotoxicity test on the extract of 0.013 g scaffold to 2 ml culture medium. The cells on the composite bone scaffold proliferated better than cells on the P(D,L)LA scaffolds.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.399-422
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate a fragment of possibility of pulpotomy with the Nd-YAG laser by the observation of pulpal healing process and the fine structural changes of the fibroblasts of the remaining pulpal tissues. Class V cavities on !55 teeth from 4 adult dogs were prepared and the pulp chambers were opened with a sterilized round bur. In the control group(19 teeth), the exposed coronal pulps were excised by a sharp excarvator. After bleeding was controlled with the sterilized cotton pellets, calcium hydroxide powder was applied on the remaining pulpal tissues and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E. In the experimental group 1 : the pulpotomy with laser-calcium hydroxide powder application group(l9 teeth), the exposed coronal pulps were excised by Nd-YAG laser(10 watts power, 2 psi water, 20 psi air) for 2 or 3 seconds and calcium hydroxide powder was applied on the remaining pulpal tissues and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E. In the experimental group 2 : the pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group(17 teeth), after amputating the coronal pulps with Nd-YAG laser as the experimental group 1, the remaining pulpal tissues were covered with stenilized aluminum foil and the cavities were filled with Z.O.E. The animals were sacrificed at the intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. All the teeth were rouutinely processed and the remaining pulpal tissues were observed by the light microscope and electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In light microscopic findings, there was no significant difference of the inflammatory response in the remaining pulpal tissues between the control group and the experimental groups. In both of the experimental group 1 : pulpotomy with laser-calcium hydroxide powder application group and the control group, the dentin bridges were observed after 2 weeks and the structure of the dentin bridge was almost same. In the experimental group 2 : pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group, the fibrous layers instead of dentin bridge were observed on the superficial portion of the remaining pulpal tissues after 2 weeks and they were consisted with densely crowded active fibroblasts. 2. In the electronmicroscopic findings, the active fibroblasts in the experimental groups were more frequently observed than in the control group at 1 week. But active fibroblasts were found with same frequency after 2 weeks in all of the control group and the experimental groups. 3. General distortions of the cell such as loss of the cell membrane, vaculoization of the cell etc. were observed at the suberficial layer of the remaining pulpal tissues and the carbonization was found in the dentinal wall in 1 week of the experimental groups. 4. In the experimental group 2 : pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group, the activity and the density of the fibroblasts in the fibrous layer were more than those in the deep portion of the remaining pulpal tissues after 2 weeks. 5. In the control group, bacteria such as cocci and bacilli were observed frequently, but in the experimntal groups, they could not be observed.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.409-412
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• 2001

The high purity manganese oxides were made from the dust, generated in AOD process that produces a medium-low carbon ferromanganese and collected in the bag filter. Manganese oxide content in the dust was about 90%, and its phase was confirmed as Mn₃O₄. In the extraction of manganese, because of remaining amorphous MnO₂, the dust was reduced to MnO by roasting with charcoal. The pulp density of the reduced dust can control pH of the solution more than 4 and then Fe ion is precipitated to a ferric hydroxide. Because a ferric hydroxide co precipitates with Si ion etc, Fe, Si ion was removed f개m the solution. Heating made water to be volatized and nitrates was left in reactor Then nitrates were a liquid state and stirring was possible. Among the nitrates in reactor, only the manganese nitrate which have the lowest pyrolysis temperature pyrolyzed into β-MnO₂powder and NO₂(g) at the temperature less than 200℃. When the pyrolysis of manganese nitrate has been completed about 90%, injection of water stopped the pyrolysis. Nitrates of impurity dissolved and the spherical high purity β-MnO₂powders were obtained by filtering and washing. Mn₂O₃or Mn₃O₄ powder could be manufactured from β-MnO₂powder by controlling the heating temperature. Lastly, a manufactured manganese oxide particle has 99.97% purity.