• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.697-706
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• 2000

Background: Isolated lung perfusion(ILP) was developed as a new treatment approach to non-resectable primary or metastatic lung cancer, because of its ability to reduce systemic toxicity while delivering high-dose chemotherapeutic agents to the target organs. This research was planned to evaluate the direct toxic effect of high-dose cisplatin to the lung tissue during isolated lung perfusion. Material and Method: Fifteen mongrel dogs were divided in the perfusate for 40 minutes. The second group was composed of 5 mongrel dogs which underwent ILP with cisplatin 2.5 mg/Kg added to the perfusate for 30 minutes and 10 minutes with washing solution without cisplatin. The third group underwent the same procedure as the second group except cisplatin 5.0 mg/Kg in the perfusate. Activities of serum angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$), and concentration of serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) were analyzed in each groups at the time of pre-perfusion, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after ILP. Result: Serum ACE activities before and 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after ILP in control group were 45.1$\pm$6.3, 44.6$\pm$9.3, 46.7$\pm$9.5, 50.8$\pm$9.1, 46.1$\pm$4.3 U/L. Those in cisplatin 2.5 and 5.0 mg/Kg groups were 49.4$\pm$12.6, 39.0$\pm$8.6, 42.3$\pm$15.9, 50.0$\pm$2.6, 53.8$\pm$8.3 and 55.5$\pm$12.3, 47.0$\pm$6.3, 45.1$\pm$6.9, 74.8$\pm$19.5, 60.2$\pm$12.0 U/L, respectively. Serum TNF-$\alpha$ activities in each group before and after ILP were 5.0$\pm$1.5 / 7.7$\pm$2.2 / 6.6$\pm$2.5 / 4.3$\pm$1.3 / 5.2$\pm$1.1(control), 8.7$\pm$1.6 / 9.9$\pm$2.2 / 7.9$\pm$1.5 / 6.3$\pm$2.2 / 7.4$\pm$2.4 (cisplatin 2.5 mg/Kg), and 6.9$\pm$0.7 / 8.9$\pm$3.4 / 7.9$\pm$4.0 / 3.3$\pm$0.9 / 5.8$\pm$1.3 pg/ml(cisplatin 5.0 mg/Kg). Mean LDH levels of each group were 225.7 / 271.3 / 328.9 / 350.8 / 255.7(control), 235.7 / 265.7 / 336.0 / 379.5 / 299.2 (cisplatin 2.5 mg/Kg), and 259.6 / 285.2 / 340.6 / 433.4 / 292.4 IU/L(cisplatin 5.0 mg/Kg). So there was no significant difference in serum ACE, TNF-$\alpha$, and LDH activity changes after ILP between the 3 groups. And, there was no significant changes in BUN/Cr in each groups, which was independent of ILP and perfused concentration of cisplatin. In addition, all dogs survived the ILP and there was no significant evidence of pulmonary vascular injury after 2 weeks of ILP with cisplatin. Conclusion: There was no harmful effect of cisplatin to the lund tissue of the mongrel dog up to 5.0 mg/Kg in perfusate. Therefore, it is perceived to be safe and effective to deliver high-dose cisplatin to the lung without pulmonary toxicity and renal damage with ILP.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.955-961
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• 1997

Nicotine is one of the major components of cigarette smoking which causes various systemic and local diseases to human body. Mitogenic effects of nicotine to systemic disease are interesting factors in the results of cellular Proliferation especially to vascular and pulmonary tissue or cells. The study of local effects concerns with destruction of tissue and delayed healing rate after various surgical treatment. Platelet-Derived Growth factor(PDGF) and Insulin-like growth factor(IGF) are blown as major mitogens to human PDL cells. The purpose of this study was to investgate the mitogenic effects of nicotine to human PDL cells. We studied the expression of PDGF-$\alpha$ receptor, PDGF-$\beta$receptor, and IGF-l receptor mRNA from the nicotine treated human PDL cells by northern analysis. The experimental groups were divided into different serum($1\%,\;10\%$) and nicotine (100ng/m1,1000ng/m1) concentrations and each group was studied by time course. The results of this study showed upregulation of PDGF-${\alpha},\;{\beta}$ receptor and IGF-l receptor mRNA at 100ng/ml nicotine concentration and $10\%$ serum group to the time course. These results suggest that physiologically attainable nicotine concentrations may stimulate the mitogenic gene synthesis to human PDL cells in vitro.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.623-629
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• 1996

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are uncommon, constituting approximately 5% of all primary lung cancers. Carcinoid tumors belong to the calss of neuroendocrine tumors that consist of cells that can store and secrete neuramines and neuropeptides. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung include three pathologic types : a low-grade malignancy, the so-called 'typical carcinoid', a more aggressive tumor, the "atypical carcinoid", and the most aggressive malignant neoplasm, the small-cell carcinoma. Atypical carcinoid tumor have a higher malignant potential, is more commonly peripheral than is the typical carcinoid tumor. Histologic features would characterize a carcinoid as hitologically atypical : increased mitotic activity, pleomorphism and irregularity of neuclei with promonent nucleoli, hyperchromatin, and abnormal nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, areas of increased cellularity with disorganization of architecture, and areas of tumor necrosis. Metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes and distant organ is common. The prognosis is related to size of the tumor, typical of atypical appearance, endoluminal of extraluminal growth, vascular invasion, node metastasis, Pulmonary resection is the treatement of choice for bronchial carcinoid. We experienced one case of bronchopulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor. In the case, radiologic study showed solitary lung mass with liver metastasis and the level of 5-HIAA was elevated. There was no history of cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, valvular heart disease. The authors reported a case of bronchopulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor with review of literatures.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

A re-pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease is performed when the primary operation has failed because of the remnant or acquired aganglionosis, anastomotic stricture and/or fistula. The purpose of this study is to review our experience of the re-pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung's disease. From May 1978 to July 2003, 26 patients who underwent re-pull-through operations at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, were studied retrospectively by means of chart review as well as telephone interview. The mean age at primary operation and re-operation were llmonths (2 months - 10 years) and 43 months (1 year - 23 years 3 months), respectively. Initial operation for Hirschsprung's disease was Duhamel's procedure in 17, Swenson's in 6 and Soave's 3. Causes of failure of primary operation were remains of secondary aganglionic segment (n=23), vascular arcade injury (n= 1), rectoperineal fistula (n=2, due to mesenteric torsion and poor blood supply), Mean interval between the primary operation and the re-operation was 34 months (6 months-22 years). Reoperation methods were Soave's in 12, Duhamel's in 8, APSP (abdomino-posterosagittal pull-through procedure) in 5, and Swenson's in 1 case. In 2 cases of repeated rectoperineal fistula or rectourethral fistula, re-APSP were performed 3 times, respectively. A total of 29 re-pull-through operations were performed. Postoperative complications were wound infection (n=1), adhesive ileus (n=1), rectoperineal fistula (n=3), rectourethral fistula (n=2), and death due to pulmonary embolism (n=1). Mean follow up period of reoperation was 78 months (1 month-23years). In current state, 2 patients have an ileostomy because of repeated rectoperineal fistula and rectourethral fistula. Of the remaining 23 patients, 21(91 %) are totally continent with or without minimal soiling. Reoperation for Hirschsprung's disease was effective and safe for the patients complicated to the initial pull-through operation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2008

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent antihypertensive and vasodilator which plays an important role in regulating vascular tones. In this study, we investigated the effects of adventitious root extracts of wild ginseng on NO production and NO linked physiological activities. When human endothelial cell line (ECV304) was incubated with either water extracts of wild ginseng adventitious root (WE) or aqueous fraction of butanol extracts of wild ginseng adventitious root (ABE), considerable amounts of NO were released by the cells. The level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was unchanged and about 6% of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was inhibited with treatment of ABE. The vasodilating activities of pulmonary artery rings in response to different doses of extracts were shown as 44.8% and 91.3% in 2.5 mg/ml WE and 0.1 mg/ml ABE, respectively. The blood pressure lowering effect was observed from the oral administered spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with the lowest blood pressure (154.5${\pm}$8.6 mmHg) after 8 h. The blood pressure was recovered to the initial level after 24 h.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 1970

The effects of Physical exercise, gymnastics and sports on the cardiopulmonary function were studied in the middle and high school toys. The subjects were divided into 4 groups; non-training group and training group in both middle school and high school boys. In the above groups, pulmonary function studies were performed, and blood pressure and the heart rate were also checked to evaluate physical fitness during and immediately after running exercise on the tread-mill, with the speed of 5 MPH and elevation of 9% and 11.25%. The types of sports in the training group were base ball, body building, Taekwondo (Korean style boxing) and hand ball. The results obtained were as followings: 1) In the training group, cardiopulmonary function showed some tendency of the increase comparing to the non-training group. 2) The increase in cardiopulmonary function was observed according to the age became older, but the clear changes on cardiopulmonary function was not observed as the difference of the group between the training and the non-training. 3) The expiratory volume was decreased as the increase of age except 17 years of age for the value of the per kg body weight. 4) In the non-training group, the mean value of oxygen consumption under maximum work load was increased, while those in the training group was decreased. But it may be noted that oxygen consumption for the expiratory volume was increased in the training group, and that the oxygen cost in the training group was .higher than that of the non-training group. 5) The pulse pressure of the high school group during and immediately after running exercise was observed in the higher value comparing with that of the middle school group It was suggested that the changes of the pulse pressure was owing to the method of determination and that to the decrease of diastolic pressure caused by the decrease of peripheral vascular resistance up to critical closing pressure. 6) Any differences of the changes in the heart rate between the training group and non-training group was not observed during and immediately after running exercise. 7) The relative value of the expiratory volume to the heart rate was decreased in the elder age group.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.602-609
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• 1993

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is one of parenchymal pulmonary infiltrative diseases first described at 1966 by Carrington and Liebow. In LIP, there is a predominance of mature small lymphocytes in the interstitium of the lung which form germinal centers. The disease process surrounds, but dose not invade lung parenchyme, tracheobronchial tree and vascular structures. The etiology remains still unknown and the clinical features of this disorder have not been clearly defined. Therefore, the therapeutic modality is obscure. Development of LIP association with AIDS is often reported currently and possibility of progress to malignant lymphoma is emphasized. We experienced a case of primary LIP with pnemomediastinum. She was adimitted due to chest and anterior nuchal pain with chronic coughing, and diagnosed as pneumomediastinum with LIP. Medication with steroid was begun and some improvement of symptoms was observed, but an X-ray film of the chest remained same without improvement. We report above case with review of the literatures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.449-453
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• 2007

Totally implanted central venous access devices for chemotherapy (chemoport) are being used increasingly in lung cancer patients. Vascular catheters are associated with various complications including infection, thrombosis as well as spontaneous fractures and embolization of the catheter, which is known as 'pinch-off syndrome'. 'Pinch-off syndrome' refers to the compression of a subclavian central venous catheter between the clavicle and first rib resulting in an intermittent or permanent obstruction, which can lead to tears, transection, or embolization. We report two cases of fractured and embolized implanted subclavian venous catheters in which the fragments were removed percutaneously. A 62-year-old man presented with back pain with a duration of a few weeks. The chest radiograph revealed complete transsection and embolization of the catheter into the right atrium. In addition, a 47-year-old woman with a chemoport had a grade 3 pinch-off sign in a chest radiograph demonstrating complete transsection and embolization of the catheter into the pulmonary artery. Both cases were managed by retrieving the embolized distal fragment percutaneously and removing the proximal section of the catheter.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.396-401
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• 2007

This research investigated whether exposure of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) and particulate metter (PM) effect on intercellular. adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in asthma-induced Balb/c and IL-10 knock out (KO) mouse. Mouse was sensitized with intraperitoneal injection with ovalbumin, followed by challenges with intranasal ovalbumin. After induction of asthma mouse placed in the inhalation chamber and exposed to DEP and PM (10 $mg/m^3$). The evidences of pulmonary inflammation were assessed by immunohistochemical stain and westen blot against ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the lung tissue. In the immunohistochemical stain, positive reactions for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were much stronger in asthma-induced groups and asthma-induced group with DEP or PM than control groups. Although mild positive reactions were appeared in asthma-induced IL-10 KO mice groups, positive reactions were very strong in the asthma-induced group with DEP or PM. In Western blot, expression of VCAM-1 was increased in asthma-induced group with DEP or PM than asthma-induced groups. In the IL-10 KO mouse, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were increased in asthma-induced group with DEP or PM than asthma-induced groups. DEP and PM exposure have additive effects on the aggravation of inflammatory signs in the asthma-induced murine model. These results suggest that inhalation of DEP and PM in asthmatic patients may aggravate clinical symptoms.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2019

Objectives: The effects of particulate matter and ozone on health are being reported in a number of studies. These effects are likely to be stronger on the elderly population, but studies in this regard are scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of particulate matter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$ and ozone on the acute health status of the elderly population. Methods: In order to analyze the health status of the elderly population, the NHIS-Senior Cohort data was used. In this study of people 60 years or older in Seoul, the number of outpatient visits and ER visits between 2002 and 2013 were calculated. Each disorder and the lag effect were analyzed separately. Particulate matter and ozone were analyzed using both the single exposure model and the adjusted multi-exposure model. Results: In the single exposure analysis with PM2.5 as the exposure variable, with each increase of $10{\mu}g/m^3$, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0081 times, vascular disease 1.0065 times, chronic pulmonary disease 1.0086 times, and diabetes 1.0055 times. In the multi-exposure model adjusting for ozone, the number of outpatient visits increased by 1.0066 times. There was a one-day lag effect and 1.0066 times increase between PM2.5 and ER visits in the multi-exposure model and 1.0057 times when adjusted for ozone (p value <0.10). There was a one-day lag effect in all multi-exposure models with ozone as the main variable, and when the particulate matter was adjusted, there was a one-day delay and 1.0143 times increase in ER visits. Conclusions: In our study, an increase in the number of outpatient and ER visits in the elderly population in accordance with the increase in PM2.5 and ozone was found. The association found in our study could also produce a socioeconomic burden. Future studies need to be performed in regards to younger populations and other air pollutants.