• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.218-228
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• 2007

The acceptance of unsolicited proposals (a private-initiated process) has been viewed by several governments as a means of encouraging innovative initiatives. However, the ramifications of this mechanism are still poorly understood. This paper analyzes a framework used by the Taiwanese government to evaluate unsolicited proposals. Taiwan's experience demonstrates the need for an improved framework in which key issues such as building consensus, maintaining a transparent procurement process, ensuring sufficient competition, and protecting intellectual property rights shall be addressed. In addition, the case study suggests that the roles of participants, the relationships and interfaces of activities, information flows, and decision making points should all be well defined. Some fundamental differences between solicited and unsolicited proposals are also discussed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.40-52
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore improving ways of screening of self-directed learning in self-governing high schools for expanding self-initiated learning screening system. To achieve the above aim, it was used survey method to 99 admission teachers of 12 self-governing high schools and analyzed responses with SPSS program. The research findings are as follows. To expand self-initiated learning screening system in self-governing high schools, it needs to obtain admission members of entrance committee, pooling of external screening members, quick decision of school admission members, increasing payment, training and understanding of the system and consideration of admission documents and study plan. Some improving ways of the expanding of self-initiated learning screening may be listed as follows: 1) development of screening model for self-governing schools 2) policy consideration for self-governing public high school 3) expanding autonomy of school 4) supporting budget 5) sharing of operation case and reinforcement of public relations.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the programs and the roles of Architectural Centers by their types in terms of the main body of organization. In order to figure out the programs and the roles, we examined the possibility to have different roles and varied collaboration ways depending on their main body types : central, municipal, architectural associations, and other private sectors. We also investigated the process of establishment of the Centers, their programs to promote the public and private partnerships focusing on the quality improvement of public architecture, research & investigations, education & publication, and cultural exchange & events. From this study, we could find out the differentiated management strategies and the ways of collaboration in public & private sectors for architectural centers and understand which aspects should be taken into consideration in the establishment of architectural centers. Centers initiated by public sectors generally have been focusing on supporting funds and centers initiated by private sectors relatively have developed the field oriented programs activating collaborative network and public participation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.437-441
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• 2004

This study aims to propose a set of improvement devices for construction dispute resolution clause of public improvement project in Korea. To do so, the study addresses the system and procedure of construction dispute resolution in domestic and overseas, and reviews precedent cases, specifically focused of a selective arbitration case. In public sector's initiated contracts, the absence of c)aim procedure clause is unable to response to the claims in timely manner, and the ambiguity of clause o( selective arbitration make it difficult to resolve a dispute by arbitration. Thus, in this study alternative dispute resolutions are explored as a way to resolve various construction disputes of public-initiated project in developed countries.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.111-122
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• 1999

Since 1980 the Korea Land Development Coporation has played a major role in land development by means of a Public Initiated Land Development Scheme. This strategy has attempted to correct the market failure of the generation of large sum of windfall profits. In accordance with reimplementation of the local autonomous ruling system since 1991, the demend for local government initiated land development have increased rapidly as local governments attempt to math the influence of national local development policy. In this regards, it is very useful for urban planners to analyze the merits and dismerits of the local government initiated land development schemes in view of national agency's development. This paper recommends several mitigation measures to improve the settlement of the local government initiated land development scheme.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2833-2839
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• 2016

Background: Tobacco use among youth is a major public health problem. Youth outside of formal school settings are often understudied but may be at increased risk. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 326 young people aged 15-24 years in four randomly selected motor parks in Lagos state. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Results: The mean age of the respondents was $21.0{\pm}2.3yrs$. Many 252 (77.3%) dropped out before the end of the third year of secondary schooling. The majority were aware that active (78.2%), and passive smoking (77.3%) are harmful to health. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents disagreed with an outright ban of cigarettes (63.2%) and restriction of cigarette sales to persons below 18 years (67.9%) while 254 (66.8%) supported a ban on tobacco smoking in enclosed public places. One hundred and fifty (46.0%) respondents had experimented with smoking of which 106 (32.5%) had progressed to become current smokers. Half of the current smokers, 54 (50.9%), felt the need for a cigarette first thing in the morning. A multivariate analysis for smoking initiation, showed that for every increasing year of age, respondents were 1.08 times more likely to have initiated cigarette smoking; males and respondents who lived alone or with peers were 2.34 times and 1.77 times more likely to have initiated smoking respectively; those who consume alcohol and marijuana were 7.27 and 1.89 times respectively more likely to have initiated smoking while those who consumed alcohol were 6.17 times more likely to be current smokers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.22-23
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• 2014

An infrastructure has been expand with government-initiated series of supporting business in the country rural village. However, there has still been a shortage of it compared to the city. it needs the infra-improvements that making international competitiveness for agricultural competitiveness securing and improving for housing condition. In particular, Public using facilities in rural village are not function as communal identity but life as enjoy culture for farmer. Therefor it is hot-issue that changed rural economy recently is innovated suitable. This study suggests the customized revitalization strategy for the variation of inside and outside of rural communities, after analyzing and classifying on current status of public using facilities in rural village, in chungcheong area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

The urban development, resulting from the economic growth that initiated in the 1960s, focused on outward expansion until the 1980s. However, beginning in the early 1990s, there has been a steady increase in the attention paid to the qualitative aspects of life. With increased income and awareness of quality life, citizens today demand for various good quality services. For them, urban public facilities are an important part of community life because the facilities have effect on their psychological comfort or satisfaction with residential area. Nevertheless, in reality, due to the lack of society's awareness of the importance and necessity of public facilities, not enough investment is being made in public facilities, failing to meet the growing demand for the facilities. This study examined the public facilities of provincial cities with focus on the number and total area size of the facilities, then compared and analyzed the facilities in terms of number and total area size. It is hoped that the findings from the study will encourage policy makers to increase support for public facilities, contributing to achieving the sustainable growth of cities.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.63
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• pp.26-52
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• 2013

This study started from the questions on how the selection of the 'New 7 Wonders of Nature' was repeatedly reported, and whose voice was emphasized on which perspective in regional daily newspapers. This is a subject that received the attention of the media with the tag of 'fraud on a national scale'. The results of this study showed that there was no difference among newspapers in all frames excluding the frame of public confidence in relation to the N7W Foundation. Furthermore, after examining the change before and after six media companies' conclusion of MOUs, a significant difference was discovered between newspapers concerning the frame of public confidence pertaining to the N7W Foundation. However, no significant difference was discovered in all frames after the MOUs were concluded. The tone of the press mostly displayed a positive or supporting perspective, and almost no negative or critical reports were published. Second, 68.0% of all the articles displayed use direct quotes. The speakers of direct quotes were mostly from official organizations that initiated the selection event for the 'New 7 Wonders of Nature', and almost no civilians or representatives from civil social groups were quoted. On the other hand, direct quotes of anonymous sources were used rather frequently, and most of these sources were confirmed to be official sources and related parties that initiated the selection event for the 'New 7 Wonders of Nature'. As a result, regional daily newspapers displayed support and advocated for the voices of the entities that initiated the selection event for the 'New 7 Wonders of Nature', including the district government, by emphasizing and repeating their perspectives in the newspaper coverage.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

To design and construct a museum of art involves the interest of artists, architects, curatorship, management, and local government. More than this direct relationship, museum obliges the public a mission of delivering genuine public experience through art and architecture. However, most of Modern and contemporary architecture has not delivered genuine public experience of integrated art and architecture. Conceptual message of art and perceptual architectural exhibition space has not been integrated easily. Picture frame canvas initiated this schism and institutionalized museum management hampered the creativity of artists. This schism was overcome through artists' questioning of museum culture and creative works that embrace work and its environment. In contemporary culture, installation art and media art necessitates a new museum format which needs not only exhibition, but laboratory and interface space with viewers. This paper will regroup the existing museum according to its use and strategy, and reinterpret progressive museums that fosters young artists, and more than this, will introduce successfully established museums for new forms of art, which are equipped with versatile exhibition spaces, innovative interface between works and viewers, and own laboratory that can produce works of art. These examples will envision a creative method of art and architecture production that can achieve genuine public experience.