• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to find out more effective schemes on safe water supply in rural area. Then, this study was carried out to investigate drinking water qualities of 20 simple piped water supply systems and 20 water pumps in Chun Sung County, Kang Won Province from 12th December to 24th December, 1983 and was compared this results with the previous results that had been carried out at the same sample sites from 1st July to 30th August, 1981. 1. This results of water quality in winter are better than the previous results in summer because this results are identified as safe 20%, unsafe 35% in simple piped water supply systems, safe 50%, unsafe 20% in water pumps and the previous results are identified as safe 1.8%, unsafe 78.6% in simple piped water supply systems, safe 5.5%, unsafe 73.6% in water pumps. 2. Water qualities of water pumps are better than that of simple piped water supply systems because the former is identified as safe 50%, unsafe 20% and the latter is identified as safe 20%, unsafe 35%. 3. Drinking waters that are in need of chlorination in winter as well as summer are 45% of simple piped water supply systems and 30% of water pumps.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 2015

In accordance with the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan enforced on February 2, 2013, the different compliance concentration of effluent limit be applied to effluent discharged from public sewage treatment works(PSTWs) in each watershed on the basis of water quality thereof. With the introduction of watershed sewer system, it is necessary to set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs situated in the watershed, by region and PSTW size, to achieve water quality criteria for regional watersheds or target water quality under TMDL program. Watershed Environmental Agencies establish the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan and set the compliance concentrations of effluent limit for PSTWs under the plan. The agencies plan to apply tougher effluent BOD concentration limits in Class I to IV areas. Effluent BOD concentration limits will be toughened from 5~10 mg/L to 3 mg/L in class II~III areas, from 10mg/L to 5mg/L in class IV areas. Uniform application of effluent BOD concentration limits to PSTWs in the watershed sewer system need to be complemented considering type of sewage treatment technology employed and watershed characteristics. Therefore, this study presents method to determine the compliance concentration of effluent limit from PSTWs in the watershed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.491-498
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• 2017

Objective: Bacterial abundance and community compositions have been examined in Asian dust events, clarifying their impacts on public health. This study aims to determine the bacterial community compositions and viable bacteria in Asian dust particles in the Asian dust or non-Asian dust event of March 2016. Methods: The dust samples were collected using the high volume air sampler or high volume cascade impactor, and bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified using PCR, followed by pyrosequencing. Bacterial diversity index, richness estimate and community composition in the particles were analyzed from the sequencing data using Mothur software. Results: The results showed that the diversity and richness during Asian dust events were higher than them in non-Asian dust events. The total bacterial community analysis showed that at the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant of Asian dust events and non-Asian dust events. In addition, the bacterial colony counts were higher during Asian dust event, comparing with non-Asian dust event. Conclusions: This study showed that bacterial community and richness of Asian dust samples was more complex and higher than non-Asian dust samples in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, which could affect public health and environment. Thus, the continuous monitoring of Asian dust could be an alternative for managing airborne bacteria.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.431-436
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• 2006

This study was conducted in the summer of 2005 in Shindong-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do to assess the quality of drinking water and to evaluate their potential pollutants. Ninety four water samples were collected from three classes of water supplies such as simple piped water, supplied own water and others (Supplied local water). Most residents used simple piped water (72.63%). 31.25% residents thought the water quality was bad and landfill was the main source of pollution that affected water quality. To correspond this perception, water quality was measured according to Drinking Water Quality Standard. The general bacteria, coliforms, and $NO_3-N$ exceeded the standard but the water qualities in these four areas were suitable for Drinking Water Quality Standard. The simple piped water showed low mean concentration of excess rate compared to supplied own piped water except general bacteria. Hardness, pH, and $NO_3-N$ showed significantly higher effects on drinking water quality. To evaluate the effect of effluent from landfill, water quality was measured according to distance and altitude. However, there was no effect of landfill effluent. To find out the effect of rainfall, we compared water quality of the year 2003 with that of 2005. The result showed significant differences in hardness and $NO_3-N$ concentration. This study confirmed that $NO_3-N$, coliforms, and general bacteria are main pollutant of water supply in rural community. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly maintain simple piped water supply, supplement sewer facilities, and educate residents about public health risk associated with drinking water in rural area.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.228-232
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• 2015

The water supply galvanized steel pipes of apartment buildings in Bucheon city constructed with building permission before 1994 have many problems such as leaks, the water containing rust, and low water pressure due to corrosion. Therefore, this study aims to find a way to renew the water supply pipes under investigation through a survey. As a result, when replacing the galvanized steel pipe with the corrosion-resistant pipe, the water supply system should also be changed from the gravity tank system to the booster pump system and the hygienic water storage tank. It is necessary to redraft the long-term repair plan including the replacement of the water supply system. Also, it is necessary to save the allowance reserve according to the modified long-term repair plan.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.284-294
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• 1988

To measure the mutagenic activity of micro-organic pollutants in drinking water, mutagenicity test was conducted using Salmnella typhimurium TA 98 strain on the water sample taken from three water supply stations and six tap water in Seoul in July and November 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The average amounts of organic matters in raw, treated, and tap water sampled in July were 0.38mg/l, 0.28mg/l, and 0.45mg/l. respectively, and sampled in November were 0.34mg/l, 0.24mg/l, and 0.22mg/l, respectively. The amount of organic matters of tap water sampled in November did not increase while that of tap water sampled in July increased compare to those of raw or treated water. 2. The amount of organic matters is the highest in neutral fraction compare to acidic and basic fractions. 3. In the five out of six tap water and raw water of Paldang and Kuui station sampled in July, the mutagenicity ratios were greater then two (both direct and indirect mutagenicity). 4. In the three out of six tap water and raw and treated water of Kuui station sampled in November, the mutagenicity ratios were greater than two. 5. While mutagenic activities were low in acidic and basic fraction, they were high in neutral fraction. The samples which had high mutagenic acitivity in the total amount also showed high mutagenic activity in neutral fraction. 6. While mutagenic acitivity was decreased after the treatement of water, it was increased in tap water as the distance from the water supply station increases.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 1999

For the purpose of inquiring into the actual conditions of water quality management of Simple Piped Water Supply(SPWS) and the satisfaction and attitudes of inhabitants about utilizing water-supply, this research was done through the questionnaires, the investigation of surrounding environment and water quality analysis in the Sangju city, Kyungsang-pookdo during 4 months from March to June, 1998. The fountainhead of SPES using ground water accounted for 65.3%, which was the highest rate in the group. Most of them was at least 10 years in the number of utilization year. 79.6% of them were exposed to many sorts of surrounding pollution origins. The examination of water was performed only through a test about water purification and 24.5% of them disinfection by chlorine also no residual chlorine was detected at all. All the waterworks did not have any education to the managers of water quality and 81.5% of them held physical examination. As a result of the water examination about SPWS, 65.3% of them were found incongruity and the valley and springing water accounted for higher than the underground water in the rate of incongruity. Looking into the details of the result in the water examination, a category of colon bacilli was ranked in the highest rate and the next one was general bacilli, nitric acid nitrogen and turbidity in order. In the satisfaction degree of the water quality, the satisfied accounted for 44.6%, and 29.2% each. Over the state of satisfaction about the ways of water examination, satisfaction accounted for 44.6%, and unsatisfaction 28.3%. Summarizing the result of the above-stated, the state of Water Quality Management of the SPWS was in a poor condition. Thus for the water Quality Management, systematic and scientific water Quality Management mainly by the administrative organization other than voluntary management by the village should be done beyond doubt. Additionally the opinions and demands of inhabitants utilizing the water supply have to be positively reflected in the affairs of water Quality Management so that the distrust of inhabitants to the SPWS should be settled.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.469-472
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• 2003

A life cycle cost analysis model for public water supply systems should be different from the ones for other civil and architectural facilities as the operation and the maintenance cost of the water supply systems mainly come from the various mechanical systems and the pipeline systems of the collecting/treating/distributing facilities. This paper presents a cost classification scheme and a life cycle cost analysis model for public water supply systems. A value analysis (VA) procedure that is well suited for practical purposes is also presented. The presented life cycle model and the value analysis procedure were applied to a real world project, and this case study is discussed in the paper. The model and the procedure presented in this study can greatly contribute to the value-oriented design alternative selection, the estimation of the maintenance cost, and the allocation of budget for water supply system construction projects.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.2 s.18
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• pp.181-193
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• 2004

A life cycle cost analysis model for public water supply systems should be different from the ones for other civil and architectural facilities as the operation and the maintenance cost of the water supply systems mainly come from the various mechanical systems and the pipeline systems of the collecting/treating/distributing facilities. This paper presents a cost classification scheme and a probabilistic life cycle cost analysis (PLCCA) model for public water supply systems. A value analysis (VA) procedure that is well suited for practical purposes is also presented. The presented probabilistic life cycle model and the value analysis procedure were applied to a real world project, and this case study is discussed in the paper. The model and the procedure presented in this study can greatly contribute to the value-oriented design alternative selection, the estimation of the maintenance cost, and the allocation of budget for water supply system construction projects.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.89-111
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• 2017

The era of today's day is that the era of the black gold age is now approaching the era of the blue gold age. As the importance of water increases, support and policies for the water industry are presented. The water industry is a public service industry but it faces the problem for unbalanced supply between users. One of solutions for solving the problem at hand is the privatization of the public service and it is the most sensitive and focused subject to the issue. Korea is also coming up for the privatization of the water industry. So, one of the privatization operations based on the privatization of the current waterworks law is management contract by the specialized organization and it is in progress to enhance the efficiency of public services. Therefore, this study aims at finding out the local water supply services' efficiency by K-Water using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis), and productivity analysis by malmquist index on 18 organizations of the implementation of local water supply management contract using the date from 2012 to 2014. According to the result of the DEA, 10 of the 18 organizations were the most efficient during 3 years and malmquist index for analysing the productivity was decreasing. That is because of the leakage ratio and utilization ratio of the raw water and both of them are significant to productivity. As a result, this study differs from the previous studies by analysing efficiency and productivity using DEA and malmquist index to the solution for the problem faced by current water industry.