• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.370-382
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• 2013

Distributed massive MIMO systems, which have high bandwidth efficiency and can accommodate a tremendous amount of traffic using algorithms such as zero-forcing beam forming (ZFBF), may be deployed in large public venues with the antennas mounted under-floor. In this case the channel gain matrix H can be modeled as a multi-banded matrix, in which off-diagonal entries decay both exponentially due to heavy human penetration loss and polynomially due to free space propagation loss. To enable practical implementation of such systems, we present a multi-banded matrix inversion algorithm that substantially reduces the complexity of ZFBF by keeping the most significant entries in H and the precoding matrix W. We introduce a parameter p to control the sparsity of H and W and thus achieve the tradeoff between the computational complexity and the system throughput. The proposed algorithm includes dense and sparse precoding versions, providing quadratic and linear complexity, respectively, relative to the number of antennas. We present analysis and numerical evaluations to show that the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) increases linearly with p in dense precoding. In sparse precoding, we demonstrate the necessity of using directional antennas by both analysis and simulations. When the directional antenna gain increases, the resulting SIR increment in sparse precoding increases linearly with p, while the SIR of dense precoding is much less sensitive to changes in p.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4815-4821
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between respiratory health of Malaysian adolescents with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and smoke-free legislation (SFL) implementation. Materials and Methods: A total of 898 students from 21 schools across comprehensive- and partial-SFL states were recruited. SHS exposures and respiratory symptoms were assessed via questionnaire. Prenatal and postnatal SHS exposure information was obtained from parental-completed questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was: 11.9% ever wheeze, 5.6% current wheeze, 22.3% exercise-induced wheeze, 12.4% nocturnal cough, and 13.1% self-reported asthma. SHS exposure was most frequently reported in restaurants. Hierarchical logistic regression indicates living in a comprehensive-SFL state was not associated with a lower risk of reporting asthma symptoms. SHS exposure in public transport was linked to increased risk for wheeze (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 16.6; 95%confidence interval (CI), 2.69-101.7) and current wheezing (AOR 24.6; 95%CI, 3.53-171.8). Conclusions: Adolescents continue to be exposed to SHS in a range of public venues in both comprehensive- and partial-SFL states. Respiratory symptoms are common among those reporting SHS exposure on public transportation. Non-compliance with SFL appears to be frequent in many venues across Malaysia and enforcement should be given priority in order to reduce exposure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6845-6850
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• 2013

Background: This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a range of public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004. Materials and Methods: $PM_{2.5}$ was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaurants, entertainment centres, internet caf$\acute{e}$s and pubs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results: Under the current smoke-free laws smoking was prohibited in 42 of the 61 premises. Active smoking was observed in nearly one-third (n=12) of these. For premises where smoking was prohibited and no active smoking observed, the mean (standard deviation) indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was 33.4 (23.8) ${\mu}g/m^3$ compared to 187.1 (135.1) ${\mu}g/m^3$ in premises where smoking was observed The highest mean $PM_{2.5}$ was observed in pubs [361.5 (199.3) ${\mu}g/m^3$]. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of high levels of SHS across a range of hospitality venues, including about one-third of those where smoking is prohibited, despite 8 years of smoke-free legislation. Compliance with the legislation appeared to be particularly poor in entertainment centres and internet caf$\acute{e}$s. Workers and non-smoking patrons continue to be exposed to high concentrations of SHS within the hospitality industry in Malaysia and there is an urgent need for increased enforcement of existing legislation and consideration of more comprehensive laws to protect health.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2016

이동형 LP가스 사용시설은 야외에서 임시적으로 구성 및 사용되는 LP가스 시설로서 국내 지역축제 등에 설치되는 천막, 포장마차 등의 LP가스 시설을 의미한다. 이러한 이동형 LP가스 시설은 법정검사 대상이 아니기 때문에 안전관리의 주체 또는 방법이 모호하여 효과적인 안전관리를 위한 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 개최되는 지역축제 및 포장마차 등의 실태조사 및 위험요소 분석을 통해 안전관리 개선 방안의 방향성을 살펴보고 금속배관의 사용, 공동 용기보관 등의 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 국내 이동형 LP가스 사용시설의 안전 관리 효율성 증대에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 예술경영연구
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• 제60호
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• pp.69-92
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• 2021

본 연구는 공연장 전문인력으로서 드라마투르그라는 직무 도입의 필요를 주장하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 드라마투르그란 연극, 무용 등 공연예술 작품 제작 과정에서 예술적 지향을 제시해주는 전문 스태프를 의미하는 것으로 개별 작품에 참여하는 프로덕션 드라마투르그와 극장 내 상주하는 상임 드라마투르그로 구분된다. 본고에서는 상임 드라마투르그를 지역 공공극장에 활용하기 위한 방안 모색을 중심으로 논의를 진행하였다. 특히 지역에서 공공극장의 역할을 수행하는 문화예술회관에 드라마투르그 직무 도입 통한 이점과 이를 위한 제도적 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 문화예술회관 내 드라마투르그는 지역주민 대상의 문화예술서비스 확대, 지역 예술가의 창작기회 확대, 지역문화 활성화에 기여, 중앙과 지방 간의 문화격차 해소에 기여하는 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 상임 드라마투르그 제도 도입을 위해서는 기존 문화예술진흥법 또는 공연법 개정, 문예회관 운영 시스템 개선, 공연장 성과평가 방식 변화, 공공부문의 양성과정 신설 등 다방면의 노력이 함께 추진되어야 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7725-7730
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure inside selected public places to provide basic data for the development and promotion of smoke-free policies. Methods: Between March and May 2009, an SHS exposure survey was conducted. $PM_{2.5}$ levels and air nicotine concentrations were measured in hospitals (n=5), government buildings (4), restaurants (10) and entertainment venues (10) in Seoul, Republic of Korea, using a common protocol. Field researchers completed an observational questionnaire to document evidence of active smoking (the smell of cigarette smoke, presence of cigarette butts and witnessing people smoking) and administered a questionnaire regarding building characteristics and smoking policy. Results: Indoor $PM_{2.5}$ levels and air nicotine concentrations were relatively higher in monitoring sites where smoking is not prohibited by law. Entertainment venues had the highest values of $PM_{2.5}$(${\mu}g/m^3$) and air nicotine concentration(${\mu}g/m^3$), which were 7.6 and 67.9 fold higher than those of hospitals, respectively, where the values were the lowest. When evidence of active smoking was present, the mean $PM_{2.5}$ level was 104.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$, i.e., more than 4-fold the level determined by the World Health Organization for 24-hr exposure (25 ${\mu}g/m^3$). Mean indoor air nicotine concentration at monitoring sites with evidence of active smoking was 59-fold higher than at sites without this evidence (2.94 ${\mu}g/m^3$ vs. 0.05 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The results were similar at all specific monitoring sites except restaurants, where mean indoor $PM_{2.5}$ levels did not differ at sites with and without active smoking evidence and indoor air nicotine concentrations were higher in sites without evidence of smoking. Conclusion: Nicotine was detected in most of our monitoring sites, including those where smoking is prohibited by law, such as hospitals, demonstrating that enforcement and compliance with current smoke-free policies in Korea is not adequate to protect against SHS exposure.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2011

Objectives: This study identifies the meaning of walking and its facilitating factors and barriers from the perspective of urban walkers in Seoul. Methods: The participants consisted of twelve people who either lived or worked in Gangnam district of Seoul. The study applied the data collection process featured in the photovoice, in which the participants took photographs and shared their stories through focus group interviews. Results: Walking is regarded as one of the easiest types of physical activity. While walking, participants find mental tranquility, communication opportunities, and a chance to step back from their everyday lives. Facilitating factors include: access to walking-friendly venues and attractive surrounding environments; the participant's assimilation into the surrounding area; having the feeling of ease and relaxation; and friends and family to walk together. Barriers consist of physical factors such as street design and the busy urban streets, insensitive traffic and low civic awareness, and personal situational factors. Conclusions: The benefit of walking exceeds beyond those of physical health promotion. Actions to encourage walking in urban areas should address the multiple meanings perceived by their citizens.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2017

In this paper we present the search on HC-06 Bluetooth based driver module for emergency LED Multi-Directional Indicator. Nowadays, a growing trends in which electronic displays such as LED, LCD or plasma monitors are being installed in public places like bars, stores, entertainment areas, restaurants, lobbies, etc. In this paper, the study is curried out on efficiency of HC-06 Bluetooth module based controller driver that relates generally to the field of emergency signage management systems for displaying various indicator contents remotely on electronic displays in public and privates venues. It allows user smart devices interaction remotely with digital signage by providing content for displaying on at least one display in a venue. Depending on the emergency case, HC-06 Bluetooth based driver module proves the high efficiency as well as good performance of processing and communicating remotely the indicator based message that is displayed from a venue management control system by using smart devices. The system combines smart device that linked to HC-06 Bluetooth module with ATmega168/328 embedded micro controller which result by switching the displayer containing the digital signage indicator based message.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2022

Purpose: To investigate the satisfaction of students majoring in physiotherapy and to confirm a change of perception on employment decisions after clinical training. Methods: Structured questionnaires were distributed to 500 undergraduate physiotherapy students in 2014. Data from 462 respondents were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon's signed-rank, stepwise regression, and independent samples t tests. Design: Cross-section study Results: The satisfaction and perceptions of employment decision increased post-clinical training among physiotherapy students who hoped to find employment. After clinical training, the desired employment venues also changed: fewer students desired to work in rehabilitation centers and secondary hospitals, and more desired to work in university hospitals, general hospitals, public welfare centers, and the industrial company health facilities. There were changes in the preferred fields of those who hoped to find employment in the field, as well. There was decreased interest in clinical electrophysiology, sports, and women's health, and increased interest in neurology, orthopedics, and pediatrics. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that clinical training changes student' employment decisions and affects their desire to enter specific fields.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

Objectives: This study attempts to identify and categorize the types of collaboration that community health centers in Seoul planned to form in order to conduct health promotion programs. Methods: A content analysis was performed by reviewing the Phase 4 Community Health Plans for 2007-2010 of the 25 districts in Seoul. Results: In total, 614 cases of collaboration were identified which the community health centers in Seoul had planned for 2007-2010. These cases were grouped into 10 categories of collaboration activities: offering direct services through external venues utilizing external facilities; providing health education materials to partner agencies promoting health messages through media; running committees with collaborators inviting external experts; participating in external events; referring clients to external health services; connecting services; and miscellaneous. These types and cases were compared across community health promotion programs. Conclusion: Collaboration and partnership should be clearly defined for community health research and practice. Further research is needed to investigate the potential gap between plans for collaboration and actual collaboration activities, and to develop Korean models for collaboration building for community health promotion.