Implementation of Smoke-free Legislation in Malaysia: Are Adolescents Protected from Respiratory Health Effects? |
Zulkifli, Aziemah
(Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang)
Abidin, Najihah Zainol (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang) Abidin, Emilia Zainal (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang) Hashim, Zailina (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang) Rahman, Anita Abd (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang) Rasdi, Irniza (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang) Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang) Semple, Sean (Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital) |
1 | International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), (2012). Available at http://isaac.auckland.ac.nz/phases/phasethree/videoquestionnaire.html, Accessed on 4 February 2013. |
2 | Weitzman M, Gortmaker S, Walker DK, Sobol A, (1990). Maternal smoking and childhood asthma. Paediatrics, 85, 505-11. |
3 | World Health Organization (WHO), (2014). About WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Available at http://www.who.int/fctc/about/en/. Accessed on 24 April 2014. |
4 | Yolton K, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Lanphear BP, Hornung R, (2005). Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and cognitive abilities among US children and adolescents. Environ Health Persp, 113, 103-98. |
5 | Menzies D, Nair A, Williamson PA, et al (2006). Respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and markers of inflammation among bar workers before and after a legislative ban on smoking in public places. JAMA, 296, 1742-8. DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Melaka Smoke Free Zones. (2013) http://www.mbar.gov.my/versionBI/images/5strategi/PerundangandanPenguatkuasaan.pdf, Accessed on 26th August 2013. |
7 | Panda B, Rout A, Pati S, et al (2012). Tobacco control law enforcement and compliance in Odisha, India-Implications for tobacco control policy and practice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 4631-7. 과학기술학회마을 DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Picazani BA, Martin DP, Stark MJ, et al (2003). Household smoking ban; which household have them and do they? Prev Med, 36,107-99. |
9 | Tee GH, Gurpreet K, Hairi NN, Zarihah Z, Fadzilah K, (2013). Smoking behaviours and attitudes toward tobacco control among assistant environmental health officer trainees. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 17, 1652-5. DOI ScienceOn |
10 | The Global Tobacco Smoke Survey (GTSS) Collaborative Group, (2006). A cross country comparison of exposure to secondhand smoke among youth. Tob Control, 15, ii4-ii19. |
11 | Therese M, (2004). Rhrc Consortium monitoring and evaluation toolkit; survey sampling technique example, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. |
12 | Kallio K, Jokinen E, Hamalainen M, et al (2009). Decreased aortic elasticity in healthy 11-year-old children exposed to tobacco smoke. Paediatrics, 123, 267-73. |
13 | International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, (2012). Available at http://isaac.auckland.ac.nz/. Accessed on 5th January 2012. |
14 | James RC, Savitri A, (2005). Statistical analysis of survey data In: Brogan D. Household sample surveys in developing and transition countries. United Nations Publications, 8. |
15 | Jones A, (1999). Indoor air quality and health. Atmos Environ, 33, 4535-64. DOI ScienceOn |
16 | King BA, Dube SR, Ko JY (2011). Secondhand smoke concentrations in hospitality venues in the Pacific Basin: findings from American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 2881-5. |
17 | Leech JA, Wilby K, McMullen E (1999). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure patterns: a sub-analysis of the Canadian human time-activity pattern survey. C J Public Health, 90, 244. |
18 | Matt GE, Hovell MF, Zakarian JM, et al (2000). Measuring secondhand smoke exposure in babies: the reliability and validity of mother reports in a sample of low-income families. J Health Psycho, 19, 232. DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Malaysia Food Act 1983 (Act 281) & Regulations, (2013). Control of Tobacco Product Regulations 2004, Part IV: Prohibition on Smoking; International Law Book Services, 335-348. |
20 | Martin-Pujol A, Fernandez E, Schiaffino A, et al (2013). Tobacco smoking, exposure to second-hand smoke, and asthma and wheezing in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Acta Paediatrica, 102, 305-9. DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Halken S, Hast A, Nilsson L, Taudorf E, (1995). Passive smoking as a risk factor for development of obstructive respiratory disease and allergic sensitization. Allergy, 50,105-97. |
22 | Gilliland FD, Li Y-F, Peters JM, (2001). Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and environmental tobacco smoke on asthma and wheezing in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163, 429-36. DOI ScienceOn |
23 | Educational Research Application System (2012), Available at http://eras.moe.gov.my/eras/PanduanM.aspx, Accessed on 21 December 2012. |
24 | Eisner MD, Smith AK, Blanc PD, (1998). Bartenders' respiratory health after establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns. JAMA, 280, 1909-14. DOI ScienceOn |
25 | Gorini G, Moshammer H, Sbrogio L, et al (2008). Italy and Austria before and after study: second-hand smoke exposure in hospitality premises before and after 2 years from the introduction of the Italian smoking ban. Indoor Air, 18, 328-34. DOI ScienceOn |
26 | Hajnal BL, Braun FC, Grize, L, et al (1999). Effect of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory symptoms in children. SCARPOL Team. Swiss study on childhood allergy and respiratory symptoms with respect to air pollution, climate and pollen. Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 15, 723-30. |
27 | Heffernan TM, O'Neill TS, (2012). Exposure to second-hand smoke damages everyday prospective memory. Addiction, 108, 420-6. |
28 | Institute for Public Health (2008). The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) 2006: Smoking, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. |
29 | Hughes SC, Corcos IA, Hofstetter CR, et al (2008a). Children's exposure to secondhand smoke at home in Seoul, Korea. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 491-5. |
30 | Hughes SC, Corcos IA, Hofstetter CR, et al (2008b). Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking adults in Seoul, Korea. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 247-52. |
31 | Allwright S, Paul G, Greiner B, et al (2005). Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and health of bar workers in Ireland: before and after study. BMJ, 331, 1117. DOI ScienceOn |
32 | Chan NL, Yasui Y, Thompson B, et al (2007). Secondhand smoke in the home and Pap testing among Vietnamese American women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 8, 178. |
33 | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2013). The GTSS Atlas; Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS); Part Three. Available at www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/gtss/tobacco_ atlas/pdfs/part3.pdf. Accessed on 15 January 2013. |
34 | Abidin EZ, Hashim Z, Semple S, (2013). Second-hand smoke in public spaces: how effective has partial smoke-free legislation been in Malaysia? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 6845-50. 과학기술학회마을 DOI ScienceOn |
35 | Akhtar PC, Currie DB, Currie CE, Haw SJ, (2007). Changes in child exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (CHETS) study after implementation of smoke-free legislation in Scotland: national cross sectional survey. BMJ, 335, 545-52. DOI ScienceOn |
36 | Csaikainyi Z, Czinner A, Spangler J, Rogers T, Katona Gb, (2012). Relationship of environmental tobacco smoke to otitis media (OM) in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhi, 76, 989-93. DOI ScienceOn |
37 | Kashiwabara M, Armada F, Yoshimi I (2011). Kanagawa, Japan's tobacco control legislation: a breakthrough. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 1909-16. |
38 | Dinas PC, Metsios GS, Jamurtas AZ, et al (2014). Acute effects of second-hand smoke on complete blood count. Int J Environ Heal R, 24, 62-56. |
39 | Asher M, Keil U, Anderson HR, et al (1995). International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J, 8, 483-91. DOI ScienceOn |
40 | Oh BYJ, Hong SY, Lee D-H, Tamplin S, (2013). Policy effects of secondhand smoke exposure in public places in the republic of Korea: evidence from PM2.5 levels and air nicotine concentrations. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 7725-30. DOI ScienceOn |
![]() |