• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2004

The microcosm type wetland systems were constructed in order to treat wastewater contaminated with parathion. The microcosm reactor consisted of marsh and pond type. The experiment was carried out using batch (marsh or pond) and continuous (marsh-pond and pond-marsh type) systems. In the batch reactor, marsh-type wetland completely removed parathion in water within 8 days, while pond reactor removed 97% of parathion during the same period. During parathion degradation, the amount of 4-nitrophenol production, one of the metabolites from parathion degradation, was higher in marsh-type batch reactor. In the continuous systems, both marsh-pond and pond-marsh combination systems effectively removed parathion from water, and the production of 4-nitrophenol was also minimal. In the extraction experiment, the parathion and its metabolite were not found in the wetland soil and the plant. In order to achieve both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, the continuous wetland system combining marsh and pond type can be the alternative for the non-point source pollutants such as parathion pesticide.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.159-183
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• 2000

How to protect the environment without sacrificing the human environment and economy at the level of region is on of the most difficult issues of recent times. The dynamic Interactions between economic activities and environmental pollution control activities determine whether social welfare is increased of decreased by such activities and provides a basis for saying whether they help or hurt the economy. Bureaucratic Approach of Local government has failed, and an Impetus has arisen to develop new tools of analysis, useful for finding policy leverages focused on sustainability. This paper focus on understanding dynamic relationships between regional economic system and environmental system, and presenting possible framework for finding policy leverages in dynamic interaction behaviors. The case, selected in this study, is Nacdong river regions case, which is related many meaningful issues about sustainable development： two big metropolitan government and dwellers have different opinion with regard to construction of large scale Industrial pack, drinking water supply, and environment model consisting of three sectors： regional economy sector, river pollution and drinking water sector, environmental protection and investment policy sector Finally, this paper deal with how to link policy leverage to causal loop structure for the sustainable development of two regions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to measure ambient TGM concentrations in Seoul Korea, to determine the temporal variation of TGM, and to analyze the relationships among TGM, meteorological data and PM2.5 measured at the same time. Ambient TGM and PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the roof of the Graduate School of Public Health building in Seoul, Korea for the period of January to October 2004. Average TGM concentration was $3.43{\pm}1.17ng/m^3$. The average TGM was at a low concentration similar to those of background sites in other countries. The temporal variations and meteorological phenomena of TGM were not statistically significant. There was a positive link between TGM and PM2.5. It didn't indicate that reduction of $Hg^{2+}$ to Hg0 had occurred in liquid water contained in smog as in a previous study, but it shows that PM2.5 and TGM could be emitted from the same sources such as power plants and combustion engines. Also, the strong correlation between TGM and $SO_2$ concentrations indicated that the source of TGM was from fossil fuel combustions including coal combustion. Specifically, $SO_2\;and\;SO_4{^2-}$ concentrations correlated to TGM concentrations could be linked to TGM emitted from local and regional sources as well.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2010

상수도 시설물은 노사 인프라를 구성하는 필수적인 요소이다. 이러한 상수도 지하시설물을 체계적이고 과학적으로 관리하기 위하여 상수도 GIS를 구축하였으며, 이러한 상수도 GIS 구축을 위해서는 지하에 매설된 상수도 시설물을 정확히 탐사하여 DB를 구축하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 상수도 지하시설물에 대한 탐사율 재고방안을 모색하기 위하여 통계적인 자료를 동하여 탐사율 저하 원인을 분석하고, 서울시 상수도 GIS의 사례 조사를 통하여 탐사에 대한 표준화 방안을 제시하였다. 연구결과 상수도 지하시설물 측량 시 비금속 관로는 탐사 결과가 불확실하고 공공측량 성과심사를 받기가 어렵기 때문에 탐사를 하지 않고 있으며, 탐사에 대한 표준 작업규정이 없어 체계적인 탐사를 시행하지 못하고 있는 것으로 조사되었는데, 이 두 가지 요인이 탐사율 저하의 주요 원인으로 파악되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 상수도 지하시설물 탐사에 대한 업무 표준화 방안용 제시하였으므로 탐사 작업 시 체계적인 탐사가 가능하여 탐사율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 탐사율 제고를 위한 정책 제안으로 비금속 관로에 대한 효과적인 성과심사 방안을 제시하고, 공공측량 작업규정을 보완할 탐사관련 사항을 체계적으로 기술하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.305-317
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• 2015

The function failure of present major facilities is likely to lead to failure of related systems and/or whole facilities, increasing the necessity for protection of infrastructures, main structures, and major industrial facilities. In addition, safe and efficient management for urban infrastructure (waterworks and sewerage facilities, electricity, telecommunications, roads, etc) installed in the basement or on large cities grounds at various public areas is required. Recently in response to this demand, efforts for vitalizing asset management are being made such as enacting related laws and developing asset management system in the U.S., Australia, Europe and other advanced countries with the concept for a new maintenance. In our county, identifying maintenance system problems such as aging and rapid increasing of existing infrastructures and decision-making about updating maintenance is required for systematic and organizational maintenance. In this study, by comparing and observing the LOS(Level of Service) of each countries' waterworks and risk-based LOS, we suggest the direction of future urban water infrastructure management systems for more effective management.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.723-732
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• 2017

ICT 기술의 발전으로 분산된 물정보의 활용성 문제를 해결하기 위해 '04년 국토부 주도의 물관리정보유통시스템(WINS)이 구축, 운영 중에 있으나, 수자원 분야에 특화 및 일부 제한된 정보만 제공하는 점과 각 기관의 정보제공 강제성이 없어 적극적인 정보공유가 미흡하다는 단점이 있어 왔다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위한 일환으로 ICT기반의 물정보 통합관리 시스템 개발을 위한 국내 물정보 현황을 조사하고, 국내외 관련 시스템들을 비교, 분석하였다. 콘텐츠를 화면으로 구현하기 위해 최신의 ICT기술과 GIS, 실시간 데이터를 결합하여 시각화를 극대화하고 시공간 통합정보 제공을 통해 통합물관리의 롤 모델을 제시할 수 있도록 화면정의서를 작성하였다. 연구결과 및 향후 기대효과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기확보된 정부부처, 물기관의 물정보를 활용하여 전국의 수자원, 수도, 지하수 시설물의 위치와 실시간 운영정보를 한 눈에 볼 수 있도록 함으로써 정보기반의 통합물관리 모델을 제시한다. 둘째, 모든 공공기관의 수문 관측 정보와 생활, 농업, 공업용수수용가 정보를 통합할 경우 이를 홍수, 가뭄 분석에 활용하여 예경보 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있고, 사후 복구 및 지원방향에 대한 의사결정에도 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 셋째, 댐 방류량, 각 수위국 수위 정보, 각 지자체 하천 취수장 및 정수처리시설 운영현황, 용수공급구역 정보 및 화학단지, 공업단지 등 점오염원 배출지역 정보를 통합하면 수원에 오염원 유입시 신속한 대응 및 의사결정이 가능해질 것이다. 이러한 선행연구를 바탕으로 K-water는 ICT기반의 물정보 통합관리 시스템을 개발하였고, 이를 물정보포털인 "MyWater"에 탑재하여 일반 국민들에게 서비스 중에 있다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

This study is an attempt to quantify rainwater utilization and miscellaneous water demand in Tokyo's 23 special wards, the core of the urban area in Tokyo, Japan, in order to elucidate the potential of further rainwater utilization. The rainwater utilization for miscellaneous appropriate water demands, including toilet flushing, air conditioning, and garden irrigation, were calculated for six different types of building: residential house, office, department store, supermarket, restaurant, and accommodation. Miscellaneous water demands in these different types of building were expressed in terms of equivalent rainfall of 767, 1,133, 3,318, 1,887, 16,574, and 2,227 (mm/yr), respectively, compared with 1,528 mm of Tokyo's average annual precipitation. Building types, numbers and its height were considered in this study area using geographic information system data to quantify miscellaneous water demands and the amount of rainwater utilization in each ward. Area precipitation-demand ratio was used to measure rainwater utilization potential for miscellaneous water demands. Office and commercial areas, such as Chiyoda ward, showed rainwater utilization potentials of <0.3, which was relatively low compared to those wards where many residential houses are located. This is attributed to the relatively high miscellaneous water demand. In light of rainwater utilization based on building level, the introduction of rainwater storage mechanisms with a storage depth of 50 mm for six different types of buildings was considered, and calculated as rainfall of 573, 679, 819, 766, 930, and 787 (mm), respectively. Total rainwater utilization using such storage facilities in each building from 23 wards resulted in the retention of 102,760,000 $m^3$ of water for use in miscellaneous applications annually, and this volume corresponded to 26.3% of annual miscellaneous water demand.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.577-596
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• 2020

Drought is a natural disaster that directly affects agriculture, which has a great impact on the global agricultural production system and yield. The lack of water storage in most parts of the country due to the lack of precipitation has caused a great increase in social interest in drought due to the dryness of rice fields and crops. As the drought period increases and the drought intensity becomes stronger, it is believed that drought damage to crops will continue; thus, it is necessary to understand the vulnerability to irrigation performance and the ability of irrigation facilities. Therefore, this study conducted a vulnerability assessment of irrigation facilities (public Groundwater well) in cities across the country. The survey was conducted using statistical data from 2007 to 2016, and the vulnerability score was calculated according to the vulnerability evaluation procedure for drought in the irrigation facilities (public groundwater wells). Among 157 regions, 136 areas were very vulnerable; 14 areas were vulnerable; 3 areas were normal; 4 areas were good, and 0 areas were excellent. The vulnerability assessment can be used as basic data for the development or maintenance of field irrigation facilities in the future by understanding the vulnerability of irrigation facilities.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.198-198
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• 2017

Climate change causes unpredictable and erratic climatic patterns which affects crop production in agriculture and threatens public health. To cope with the challenges of climate change, sustainable and sound growth environment for crop production should be secured. Recent attention has been given to the development of smart irrigation system using sensors and wireless network as a solution to achieve water conservation as well as improvement in crop yield and quality with less water and labor. This study developed the smart irrigation technique for farmlands by monitoring the soil moisture contents and real-time climate condition for decision-making support. Central to this design is micro-controller which monitors the farm condition and controls the distribution of water on the farm. In addition, a series of laboratory studies were conducted to determine the optimal irrigation pattern, one time versus plug time. This smart technique allows farmers to reduce water use, improve the efficiency of irrigation systems, produce more yields and better quality of crops, reduce fertilizer and pesticide application, improve crop uniformity, and prevent soil erosion which eventually reduce the nonpoint source pollution discharge into aquatic-environment.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2014

Korea has been trying to manage water quality of rivers and lakes in many ways. Ministry of Environment is making continuous efforts of operation control improvement such as strengthening effluent standards in sewage treatment plants and expanding Tele-Monitoring System (TMS). However, evaluation method for operations of sewage treatment plants and establishment system of effluent standards are inadequate. The objective of this study is to evaluate for operations of sewage treatment plants using statistics technique such as frequency analysis, percentile, normal distribution analysis. We used the effluent data (BOD, COD, SS) collected at 299 plants in 2012. The values were very low by comparison with standards. The Data followed a normal distribution. We think that distribution characteristics are closely related with effluent standards, especially T-P and BOD. Statistics technique attempted in this study can be used to evaluate for operations of sewage treatment plants and assess the appropriateness of effluent standards based on TBEL(Technology-based effluent limitation). And, this technique can be used to figure out the overall level of plants, the status of each plant and the favorable treatment process for each item (BOD, COD etc.). Data acquired through this method can be used to improve facilities and operation techniques and decide on a sewerage policy.