Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2008.34.1.042

Atmospheric Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) Concentration and Characteristics in Seoul, Korea  

Lee, Yong-Mi (Air Pollution Cap System Division, Environmental Cap System Research Department National Institute of Environmental Research)
Heo, Jong-Bae (Department of Environment and Public Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Yi, Seung-Muk (Department of Environment and Public Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.34, no.1, 2008 , pp. 42-48 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to measure ambient TGM concentrations in Seoul Korea, to determine the temporal variation of TGM, and to analyze the relationships among TGM, meteorological data and PM2.5 measured at the same time. Ambient TGM and PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the roof of the Graduate School of Public Health building in Seoul, Korea for the period of January to October 2004. Average TGM concentration was $3.43{\pm}1.17ng/m^3$. The average TGM was at a low concentration similar to those of background sites in other countries. The temporal variations and meteorological phenomena of TGM were not statistically significant. There was a positive link between TGM and PM2.5. It didn't indicate that reduction of $Hg^{2+}$ to Hg0 had occurred in liquid water contained in smog as in a previous study, but it shows that PM2.5 and TGM could be emitted from the same sources such as power plants and combustion engines. Also, the strong correlation between TGM and $SO_2$ concentrations indicated that the source of TGM was from fossil fuel combustions including coal combustion. Specifically, $SO_2\;and\;SO_4{^2-}$ concentrations correlated to TGM concentrations could be linked to TGM emitted from local and regional sources as well.
Keywords
Mercury; TGM; PM2.5; correlation; source; Seoul; Korea;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Brooks Rand Environmental Research and Development : Model III CVAFS for Mercury Operation Manual, Brooks Rand LLC, 2-28, 2003
2 Kellerhals, M., Beauchamp, S., Belzer, W., Blanchard, P., Froude, F., Harvey, B., McDonald, K., Pilote, M., Poissant, L., Puckett, Schroeder, B.K., Steffen, A. and Tordon, R. : Temporal and spatial variability of total gaseous mercury in Canada - results from the Canadian Atmospheric Mercury Measurement Network (CAMNet), Atmospheric Environment, 37(7), 1003-1011, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Pacyna, E. G. and Pacyna, J. M. : Global emission of mercury from anthropogenic sources in 1995, Water. Air and Soil Pollution, 137, 149-165, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N. : Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics - from Air Pollution to Climate Change, Wiley Interscience, 16-23, 1998
5 Blanchard, P., Froude, F. A., Martin, J. B., Dryfhout- Clark, H. and Woods, J. T. : Four years of continuous total gaseous mercury(TGM) measurements at sites in Ontario, Canada. Atmospheric Environment, 36, 3735-3743, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Mason, R. P. and Sullivan, K. A. : Standard Operating Procedure for Mercury Analysis, SOP for mercury analysis, 2, chap. 4, 2.447-2.451, 1996
7 Han, Y. J. : Mercury in New York State - Concentrations and Source Identification Using Hybrid Receptor Modeling, Clarkson University, 2003
8 Hinds, W. C. : Aerosol Technology - Properties, Behavior and Measurement of Airborne Particles, Second Edition, Wiley Interscience, 278-283, 1999
9 Pacyna, J. M., Pacyna, E. G., Steenhuisen, F. and Wilson, S. : Mapping 1995 global anthropogenic emissions of mercury. Atmospheric Environment, 37, 109-117, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
10 김기현, WH Schroeder, 김민영, 홍성민, 손장호 : 극지 환경 수은의 대기화학과 환경적 의미. 한국지구과학 회, 24(5), 420-427, 2003
11 Lee, D. S., Dollard, G. J. and Pepler, S. : Gas-phase mercury in the atmosphere of the United Kingdom. Atmospheric Environment, 32(5), 855-864, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Keeler, G. and Landis, M. : Lake Michigan Mass Balance Methods Compendium - Standard Operating Procedure for Analysis of Vapor Phase Mercury, University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory, pp.2- 405-2-419, 1994
13 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and Office of Reasearch and Development : Mercury Study Report to Congress - Volume III - Fate and Transport of Mercury in the Environment, U.S. EPA, EPA-452/R-97-005, 1997
14 김한식, 김민영, 김기현 : 도심지역에서의 대기 중 수 은의 농도 분포에 관한 연구, 한국대기환경학회, 한국 대기환경학회 학술대회논문집, 344-346, 2005
15 Lin, C. J. and Pehkonen, S. O. : The chemistry of atmospheric mercury: A review. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 2067-2079, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Moore, C. J. : A Review of Mercury in the Environment (Its Occurrence in Marine Fish), Office of Environmental Management Marine Resources Division South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 2000