• 수도
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• v.24 no.5 s.86
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• pp.16-28
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• 1997

As sewerage works has become one of the major public works in Korea, the employment of advanced and more appropriate sewerage technology has become essential to improve the efficiency of sewerage works. During last 10 years, the Korean Government has made tremendous amount of investment on sewerage works so that treatment plants in 58 cities have treatment capacity which is equivalent to 52.8% of total daily sewage generation in Korea. This remarkable development, however, has heavily depended on one technology, the conventional activated sludge process as more than 95% of the existing plants employ this process, Recently, the Korean Government and local authorities have plans to introduce more appropriate sewage treatment technologies and research and development in this area has become very active. To encourage employing new and appropriate technologies, however, the proper technology evaluation and verification program for new process is needed. The public sector should play a key role in this program since the sewerage works is one of the major public works. In this paper, the technology evaluation and verification programs related with sewerage facilities in the US and Japan are briefly reviewed. The Innovatived and Alternative Technology programs which was operated by US EPA until recently and Environmental Technology Verification(ETV) program which was commenced in 1995 are introduced. The technology verification programs operated in Japan and also in Korea are also reviewed in this paper to propose a future direction for development of the appropriate evaluation and verification system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

In Korea, groundwater is main water source in livestock farms. Most dairy and cattle farms have constructed their own wells for human drinking and livestock farming. However, these private residential wells have not been controlled by government and also there was scant study about livestock drinking water quality. Therefore this study was to monitor of the livestock farms' groundwater quality in Korea. Water samples were collected at 123 dairy and cattle farms and were analysed forty six substances with quality standard for drinking water approved by the Minister of Environment. Seventy eight (63.4%) of 123 samples failed to drinking water stand a test. The most frequent contaminants were nitrate-nitrogen and microbial. 22.8% (n=28) of samples showed nitrate-N concentration of higher than 10 mg/L meant that can't be used drinking water for human and the Nitrate-N concentration analysed in the range of 0.2 to 61.2 mg/L. All of 78 failed to drinking samples had microbial problems, especially 5.7% (n=7) of samples indicated water could be contaminated by feces. Other contaminants detected were zinc and evaporation residue. Especially detected zinc concentration (32 mg/L) was about ten times higher than standard of zinc (3 mg/L). Regression analysis indicated that groundwater pH did not influence to nitrate-N concentration but the hardness and chloride could affect to nitrate-N concentration in the groundwater. Most livestock farms were adjacent to crop farmland in Korea. This could cause contamination of groundwater with nitrate-N and pesticide that could accumulate livestock product. Moreover Heavy metal such as zinc and copper could be released from a corrosive plated water pipe in livestock farm. Put together, Korea livestock system is indoor, not pasture-based, hence livestock could be exposed to potential contaminated water consistently. Therefore on the basis of these data, appropriate livestock drinking water quality standards should be prepared to keep livestock healthy and their product safe. Further, livestock drinking water quality should be monitored continuously in suitable livestock drinking water standards.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.266-271
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• 2003

Many port states such as New Zealand. the USA. Australia and Canada have strict regulations to prevent ships which arrive in their port from discharging polluted ballast water which contain harmful aquatic organism and pathogens. They are notified that transfer of polluted ballast water can cause serious injury to public health and damage to property and environment. For this reason. they perceived that the ballast exchange in deep sea is the most effective method. together with submitting the ballast management plan which contains the effective exchange method. ballast system and safety consideration. In this study, we make an effort to develop optimum ballast water exchange management and in result of that. it provide more convenient and stable process to prepare ballast water management plan for Bulk Carrier.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.124.2-124
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• 2001

The research for development of remote monitoring and control systems composed three stages of research categories. At the first stage, we decided the suitable instrumentation devices for interface between H/W systems and waste water treatment facility. And at the second stage, we developed the software package for remote monitoring and data transmission system including data receipt system via wired telephone line. At the final stage we developed local control system for auto-process control of waste water treatment facilities. For the first stage of research we developed the a drawing of design the instrumentation and selected optimal sensors or monitoring basic important data. After the first stage research we developed the software package with Graphic User Interface(GUI) ...

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2017

Many sewage treatment plants have applied the advanced technology of chemical coagulant system to remove phosporus in Korea. However there are some problems for the injection of optimum coagulant dosage. In order to solve these problems, the research related to the more cost-effective automatic total phosphorus coagulation control system using an EC(Electrical Conductivity) have been in progress. This study was conducted by the same process and operation method as the Lab-scale for public small town sewage treatment plant. First, it confirmed the correlation among the EC, PO4-P and coagulant dosage in the Lab-scale MSBR(Membrane Sequencing Batch Reactor) process. Next, it analyzed that correlation coefficient of EC and the coagulant dosage was 0.92 in the Full-scale MSBR process. As a result, not only T-P removal efficiency was doubled but also it satisfied the effluent water quality standard in a stable manner. In addition, by applying the automatic control system using the EC, compared to the fixed coagulant injection system the coagulant dosage could be reduced by 28%.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.133-160
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• 1973

1. Introduction Community medicine with the concept of comprehensive medical care and an ideal medical care delivery system not only for an individual or family but for the whole community has emerged. In April 1970, the Presbyterian Medical Center started a hospital based community health service project in order to improve the health of the people in rural areas. Prior to commencing a comprehensive medical care system, a family survey was needed. The major objective of this survey was to obtain information concerning the people and their environment so as to be able to plan and implement a comprehensive medical care program in Soyang-Myun. 2. Survey Method An interview using a family record form was carried out for each household. This family record form was designed to get information about demography, family planning, environmental sanitation and vital statistics. Prior to beginning, the members of the survey team were trained in interviewing techniques for three days. The team consisted of a public health nurse, four nurse-aides, a sanitarian and four health extension workers who are working in our project, The survey was carried out during the period November 1971 to March 1972. 3. Project area 1) Population of Soyang-Myun was 11,668; male, 5,962 and female, 5,706. Sex ratio: 104.5. 2) Households : 1,858 3) Family size: The average household consisted of 6.3 persons. 4) Educational level of householder a. Illiterate 13% b. No schooling but able to read 10% c. Preschool children 19% d. Primary school 47% e. Middle school 7% f. High school 3% g. College or University 1% 5) Occupational distribution of householders a. Farmer 67% b. Laborer 13% c. Office worker 4% d. Merchant 4% e. Industrial worker 2% f. Unemployed 8% g. Miscellaneous 2% 6) Religious affiliation a. No religion 74% b. Buddhist 12% c. Protestant 10% d. Catholic 4% 4. Survey results Living Environment : a. Home ownership 95% b. Kinds of roofing Straw-thatched house 84% Tile-roofed house 10% Slate-roofed house 5% Other 1% c. Floor space Less than 6 pyong 10% 6-10 pyong 53% 11-15 pyong 24% 16-20 pyong 9% More than 20 pyong 4% d. Radio ownership 80% Environmental Sanitation : a. the source of drinking water public well 49% private well 30% drainage water 9% steam water 8% well pump 3% water distribution system 1% b. Distance between well and toilet more than 16meters 38% 6-10 meter 31% 11-15 meters 14% Less than 6 meters 17% c. The status of well management Bad 72% Fair 26% Good 2% d. General sanitary state of house Bad 37% Fair 51% Good 12% e. House drainage system had no house drainage. 77% Family Planning : a. 24% of the people have used contraceptives, but 12% ceased to use them. 76% have never used contraceptives. b. used methods 1oop 68% oral pill 16% vasectomy 4% condom 1% tubal ligation 1% two or more methods 10% Maternal Health : a. The number of conceptions of housewives under 50 years of age. 11 times 26% 6 times 11% 5 times 11% 4 times 9% b. The place of delivery own house 88% hospital 1% others 11% Treatment of general sickness : a. The place of treatment Soyang Health Center 31% Hospital (private or otherwise) 26% Pharmacy 14% Herb medicine 5% Private care 5% No treatment 12% Miscellaneous 7% b. Usual causes of diseases Unknown 46% Tuberculosis 29% Neuralgia 8% CVA 3% Bronchitis 3% Others 11%

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

A project constructing sewerage facilities in 9 upstream areas of 7 multi-purpose dams will have been completed by 2011. After all constructing and retrofitting of the new and the existing sewerage facilities, integrated management system with operation and control functions for the each levels of facilities will also be utilized. In this study, we studied how to compose the organization taking responsibility of the integrated management system and analysed human resources saving effect against conventional method of individual management of each sewerage facility. As a result, a method estimating the human resources in employing the integrated management among several sewerage facilities at upstream areas of dams were presented and some 23% of human resources could be saved by integrated management. Commissioning to a specialized public institute showed the highest B/C ratio of 4.5 among commissioning to local public corporations, commissioning to private corporations, and role-sharing partnership, etc.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2007

The quality of tap water on the whole water-supply system, from a large filtration plant to a private faucet, has to be guaranteed the standards of drinking water. At this point in time, however, the supply process of the tap water has not been monitored and managed scientifically. The piped water, especially the most small-scale reservoirs(underground or overhead type) are always exposed to various contaminations and impurities. Recently monitoring systems of water-quality were spread on some large filtration plants or distributing reservoirs. In particular, the water quality monitoring method using the internet is adopted into some local government whose inhabitants can check up the water quality anytime and anywhere. The construction of this system that has to apply a large scale needs, and has a limitation on the small water-supply system, such as apartments, public facilities and small-scale underground or overhead reservoirs. In this work, we suggest the integration system of individual water-quality sensor modules that have a low price. By using the developed integration system and monitoring program operated on the internet, the system managers of reservoirs can monitor and manage water-quality characteristic values of drinking water in online. Since the proposed system was modularized, the system can be applied easily into various reservoirs with a low cost and regardless of its scale, small or large.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

The quality of tap water on the whole water-supply system, from a large filtration plant to a private faucet, has to be guaranteed the standards of drinking water. At this point in time, however, the supply process of the tap water has not been monitored and managed scientifically. The piped water, especially the most small-scale reservoirs(underground or overhead type) are always exposed to various contaminations and impurities. Recently monitoring systems of water-quality were spread on some large filtration plants or distributing reservoirs. In particular, the water quality monitoring method using the internet is adopted into some local government whose inhabitants can check up the water quality anytime and anywhere. The construction of this system that has to apply a large scale needs, and has a limitation on the small water-supply system, such as apartments, public facilities and small-scale underground or overhead reservoirs. In this work, we suggest the integration system of individual water-quality sensor modules that have a low price. By using the developed integration system and online monitoring program operated on the internet, the system managers of reservoirs can monitor and manage water-quality characteristic values of drinking water in online. Since the proposed system was modularized, the system can be applied easily into various reservoirs with a low cost and regardless of its scale, small or large.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.8 no.1 s.15
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• pp.105-113
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• 2002

This investigation aims to provide basic data for rural village planning and rehabilitation planning. Public infrastructures of forty selected villages have been surveyed. Provision of facilities, user satisfaction, perceived problems, and conditions of maintenance have been surveyed for three classified types of infrastructures; 1) public utility spaces such as community hall, and parking lots, 2) public production infrastructures such as warehouses, and irrigation facilities, and 3) public infrastructures for living environments such as roads, water supply, and sewage system. All twenty smaller villages (ki-cho-ma-ul) had problems of poor conditions and insufficient spaces with community halls. Most of the smaller villages suffered from lack of public production infrastructures, or had problems of insufficient spaces and poor maintenance conditions. They also lacked good access roads with adequate right of ways. Only three villages were provided with sewage systems. In the twenty larger villages (myun-bo-ma-ul), though public utility spaces were provided for most of them (as an example, sixteen villages had welfare centers), they were not large enough and they were maintained in poor condition too. On the one hand twelve of the larger villages had farm machine service centers, only a few villages were equipped with warehouses. Many more public infrastructures for living environments were found in larger villages. However, only a few villages had pollution control facilities. Multidimensional scaling revealed groups of distinctive characteristics, in terms of public infrastructures, among smaller villages. It did not show any noticeable distinctions among larger villages.