• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.389-396
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• 2020

E-authentication is one of the key functions for electronic transactions with the identification function made through the information systems. With the abolition of the mandatory use of public certificates, various private e-authentication services have emerged, and are developing to provide various additional services in addition to e-authentication. In this study, we explored the factors that affect user satisfaction with e-authentication services, compared the relative influence among the factors that we explored, and produced implications that could contribute to strengthening the competitiveness of e-authentication services. Based on the characteristics of e-authentication service, we searched and found four factors such as availability, convenience, added functionality and security. After that, we established and analyzed our research model to analyze the causal relationship between these four factors and user satisfaction. The analysis results showed that availability, convenience and security had significant effects on user satisfaction, but added functionality had no significant impact. In addition, compared to availability and convenience, security had a very strong impact on user satisfaction. This study suggests that e-authentication service providers should make efforts to make users aware of the usefulness of additional services while enhancing security.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.629-635
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• 2021

In the spring, 2020, the pandemic caused quarantine and all educational institutions switched to distance learning, which led to significant changes in the field of education around the world. It has become necessary to build its capacity to provide distance learning to protect education and create opportunities for more individualized approaches to teaching and learning not only during future pandemics but also during other possible issues, such as natural disasters, when a developed flexible curricula could be taught face-to-face or online. The article presents an analysis of distance education in the world during a pandemic, analyzes significant changes, and implements measures in the field of education in Ukraine and around the world. The role of public and international organizations in the implementation of quarantine in the conditions of COVID-19, which partially took over the functions of state and local authorities, is emphasized. The closure of schools under COVID-19 has led to a de facto deterioration in learning outcomes, so we have analyzed the effects of distance learning and digital inequality in the world. It is shown how the COVID-19 pandemic affected access to public services in Ukraine.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

The IoT(Internet of things) technology enable objects around user to be connected with each other for sharing information. To support security is the mandatory requirement in IoT because it is related to the disclosure of private information but also directly related to the human safety. However, it is difficult to apply traditional security mechanism into lightweight devices. This is owing to the fact that many IoT devices are generally resource constrained and powered by battery. PSK(Pre-Shared Key) based approach, which share secret key in advance between communication entities thereafter operate security functions, is suitable for light-weight device. That is because PSK is costly efficient than a session key establishment approach based on public key algorithm. However, how to safely set a PSK of the lightweight device in advance is a difficult issue because input/output interfaces such as keyboard or display are constrained in general lightweight devices. To solve the problem, we propose and develop a secure PSK configuration scheme for resource constrained devices in IoT.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.47
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• pp.7-36
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• 2016

The security providers industry, often referred to as an industry with unconfined growth ceiling, has entered a remarkable mass-growth phase since the 1980. In the modern era, private-sector security increasingly cover functions relating to general security awareness (including counter-terrorism) in partnership with State bodies, and the scale of operations continue to accelerate, relative to the expanding roles. In the era of pluralisation of policing, there has been widening efforts pursued to develop a range of regulatory strategies internationally in order to manage such growth and development. To date, in South Korea, a diverse set of industry review studies have been conducted. However, the analyses have been conventionally confined to North America, Britain, Germany and Japan, while developments in other world regions remain unassessed. This article is intended to inform the drivers and determinants of regulatory reforms in Australia, and examine the effectiveness of the main pillars of licensing innovations. Over the past decades, the Australian regime has undergone a wave of reforms in response to emerging issues, and in recognition of the industry as a 'public good' due to underpopulation density and the resulting security challenges. The focus of review in this study was on providing a detailed review of the regulatory approach taken by Australia that has expanded police-private security co-operation since the 1980s. The emphasis was on examining the core pillars of risk management strategies and oversight practices progressed to date and evaluating areas of possible improvement in regulation relative to South Korea. Overall, this study has identified three key features of Australian regime: (1) close checks on questionable close associates (including fingerprinting), (2) power of inspection and seizure without search warrant, (3) the 'three strikes' scheme. The rise of the private security presence in day-to-day policing operations means that industry warrant some intervening government-sponsored initiative. The overall lessons learnt from the Australian case was taken into account in determining the following checks and balances that would provide the ideal setting for the best-practice arrangement: (1) regulatory measure should be evaluated against a set of well-defined indicators, such as the merits of different enforcement tools for each given risk, (2) information about regulatory impacts should be analysed by a specialist research institute, (3) regulators should be innovative in applying a range of strategies available to them by employing a mixture of compliance promotional strategies, and adjust the mix as required.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.859-866
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• 2019

Cybersecurity attack targeting a specific user is rising in number, even enterprises are trying to strengthen their cybersecurity. Network segmentation environment where public network and private network are separated could block information coming from the outside, however, it is unable to control outside information for business efficiency and productivity. Even if enterprises try to enhance security policies and introduce the network segmentation system and a solution incorporating CDR technology to remove unnecessary data contained in files, it is still exposed to security threats. Therefore, we suggest a system that uses file format conversion to transmit a secure file in the network separation environment. The secure file is converted into an image file from a document, as it reflects attack patterns of inserting malicious code into the document file. Additionally, this paper proposes a system in the environment which functions that a document file can keep information for incident response, considering forensic readiness.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.67-78
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• 2021

The research aims to identify the role of administrative leaders working in universities in the success of organizational development and change, and the extent of the relationship and ability of administrative leaders at all levels of leadership within universities to the effectiveness of the process of development and organizational change at Northern Border University. In addition to presenting some recommendations and suggestions that can contribute to identifying the best leadership styles that contribute to the success of the development process and positive organizational change. Where leadership, whether in the private sector or the public sector, is one of the main functions concerned with the processes of direction, development, and modernization in the performance of the facility and an important element to activate the organizations' ability to perform their role and achieve their goals. The behavior and trends of leaders represent an important indicator in knowing the type of efforts made by them to improve performance and develop organizations and human resources. The research reached many results, perhaps the most important of which is that the dominant leadership style in universities is the democratic style, followed by the bureaucratic leadership style. The results also showed that there is a significant role for administrative leaders in bringing about development and positive change at Northern Border University at the level of individuals, groups, and organizations. And it became clear that there is an availability of leadership capabilities to an acceptable degree in the administrative leaders. The results of the statistical analysis showed a positive relationship between administrative leadership ability and democratic style. In addition to the existence of a negative relationship between the administrative leadership ability and the bureaucratic style and the freestyle. It was also clear that there were no differences in dealing between males and females, as well as age, educational qualification, experience, and job grade, but there were differences in dealing with the job title.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.8
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• pp.65-83
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• 2004

In modern society, the enterprises or the public organization have devised consistent means and methods with keen competition in high intelligence, high specialization and high competition for surviving in the struggle for existence. In the rapidly changing modern society like that, guard services are not free any more in the simple business. It will be survived only with consistent self-development and various abilities. Recently, it is on a trend that the enterprise including venture business requires the man of ability having many-sided thought, knowledge and capacity. That is, the era of a man with multi-function has come. The guards engaged in their present posts have to make efforts self-development consistently. And they have to work for self-development with theoretical knowledge acquirement about the expert knowledge escaping from simple function and business. The constitution including universities that train the guard should not adjust to the demand of quantitative manpower required in the enterprise organization with the training of the guard with simple functions only. It needs settlement as a curriculum with technology like ideology and knowledge breaking from short curriculum centered on function only in order to come to stay the recognition about guard services as expert services that the industrial society requires. The education centered on simple function should be replaced in the use of a high school, private academy and special guard institution. In addition, it requires a quality as the auxiliary, division, decision-making and spokesman according to the business role. Also, it requires the martial arts capacity, the communicative capacity, the sports or reports capacity, the guard driving capacity, the policy and assistant capacity and the information and analysis capacity, etc in individual. Lastly, it need each guard's change of cognition most of all. As part of the guard's adaptive plan according to the social change, it was enumerated like the mentioned above. It is important for the guard to prepare for the change of era and to build up quality and capacity before anything else.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.89-94
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• 2019

Due to the limitations of public and private blockchain, several organizations are implementing consortium blockchain systems. In order for an organization to conduct business using blockchain, it must consider 'blockchain governance' factors, such as decision rights, accountability and incentives over on-chain and off-chain, depending on the organization's strategy and objectives. If an organization conducts business without blockchain governance, it cannot achieve its strategy and objectives systematically, effectively and efficiently, and cannot comply with internal external requirements such as the expectations of stakeholders and laws. However, as businesses using consortium blockchain expand, there is no research on consortium blockchain governance. Thus, in this study, the consortium blockchain governance framework, including functions, roles and responsibilities, was developed to help organizations effectively and efficiently conduct business using consortium blockchain. In addition, to review the feasibility of the developed consortium blockchain governance framework, the framework was reviewed through an advisory committee consisting of experts on blockchain and governance over two occasions. As a result of the review, components of the consortium blockchain governance framework, including functions, roles and responsibilities, were considered complete and relevant.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.153-168
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• 2002

Since 1992, conventional fire fighting businesses have been converted into a metropolitan autonomous fire fighting system to be ready for a variety of disasters. However, the corresponding investment has been overlapped due to the non-integration of businesses to prevent any potential disasters, and a series of collaborative systems have been not functioning so well. In the meantime, our fire fighting sector has been trying to set up its own clean and faithful position by abolishing any inconvenient system or outsourcing private sectors, and expanded its work scope from conventional fire fighting even to rescue and emergency works. While focusing on handling disaster, the fire fighting sector has been widely trusted and reliable throughtout our nation. Moreover, our fire fighting sector has secured nation wide mobile organizations, technical personnel by field, special equipments and independent communication network. In addition, the fire fighting sector has knowledges, expertise and capabilities required for managing disasters, while in charge of almost every disaster management works including fire, explosion, collapse, disaster and flood. It becomes an organization for comprehensive disaster management under an absolute national trust, which is based on the system for prevention, preparation and countermeasure against a variety of disasters. Thus, our fire fighting sector must make many efforts and try to modernize conventional education and training. The ways to facilitate rescue and emergency works may include the nurture of technical fire fighting personnel along with modernized equipments, the reinforcement of rescue and emergency education, the facilitation of operating civil defense corps, the facilitation of operating volunteer fire fighting corps, the better arrangement of 119 briefing room for public healthcare in provincial offices, the sterilization of rescue instruments and equipments the better repair education for emergency rescue member, the establishment of regional emergency assistant system and the expansion of fire fighting personnel and equipments. In terms of reinforcing the functions and services of rescue 119 and emergency corps, we must review the following considerations: Building up security system along with operational expansion, building up a system for emergency medical treatment, building up a comprehensive information management system for rescue and emergency, constructing a provincial safety museum and so forth. For the ways to better the works of rescue 119 we can review the following considerations : Improving the education for fire fighting training corps under Jeju Provincial Fire and Disaster Management Department, providing rescue members with more opportunities for clinical practices, enhancing the morale of rescue members, installing a comprehensive briefing room for emergency rescue members, building up medical networks along with reasonable policies for information service, operating the consulting system for rescue 119 and so on. If these requirements are met, it is expected that the fire fighting departments in Jeju province can cope with every accident and disaster a little more rapidly and quickly in compliance with local needs, so that they can keep their own position as a public fire fighting organization which may be trusted by the public.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.3-18
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• 2009

It is difficult for consumers to satisfy high safety request with post-management method such as inspection and surveillance, as various changes in-and-out of the country associated with food safety. In terms of food safety problems related to foods, it is crucial to recognize public health and consumer protection and construct pre-preventive Food Control System. A joint committee, FAO/WHO made the following consultations to the National Food Safety System. ${\circ}$ Approach entirely from farm to table ${\circ}$ Get ready for Risk Analysis System ${\circ}$ Secure transparency ${\circ}$ Establish the optimal policy by evaluating the effect of regulation When it comes to summarizing the consultation, it would be accumulated as two key words; "Efficiency" and "Credibility". Whereas the problem of efficiency focuses on precaution rather than post-management, it requires policy option to maximize consumer's benefit by evaluating the cost for the Food Safety Management and its benefit. Also, analyzing risk's character and amount, demanding an optimal means, and introducing scientific analysis system put much value on the stakeholder's communications are procedure's security which can satisfy both "Efficiency" and "Credibility" simultaneously. Especially, it is emphasized here that Risk Assessment need to be separated from Risk Management. This action is a valid means of credibility security throughout improving transparency. A number of nations and organizations have reformed the method of food management passing through reflection and examination of the prior National Food Safety Management since BSE occurred in Britain, 1996. FSA; Food Standard Agency, AFFSA, EFSA, BfR, and FSC are Risk Assessment Organization functionally separated from Risk Management Organization, JECFA, JMCFA, JMPR, JEMRA in Codex charge Risk Assessment internationally. In case of advanced countries excluding several those such as The U.S. and so forth, though these Risk Assessment Organizations are either separated functionally within Risk Management Organization or operated as apart organ, common factors are in which it has independence as Science Base. While securing independence of Risk Assessment Function, it is a tendency Risk Management should be functionally unified into efficiency as well. Though Germany constructs integral Risk Management System of diverse ways according to social and political conditions of each country such as GFOCP, DVFA, SNFA, CFIS and AQIS, there is a key word in the center, "Securing efficiency of Food Safety Management". However our nation has a representative plural；diversified system with The U.S., we took a step forward for unification as empowering policy's generalization；adjustment and Risk Assessment Function by means of enacting the "Food Safety Fundamental Law" in 2008 and establishing the "Food Safety Policy Commission" with private and governmental sectors in the Prime Minister's office. Even though the unification of Risk Management hereby increased, there is the lack of strengthening function of Risk Assessment and securing independence. It needs to be required for the professional committee in Food Safety Policy Commission to develop as a exclusive office of Risk Assessment by separating from a policy decision. Administrative Branches should reinforce feeble functions such as fundamental investigation；research for carrying out Risk Assessment with securing efficiency throughout reassessment of prior Risk Management Means.