• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.59-72
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• 2016

Purpose - This study expands the corporate social responsibility (CSR) model and concepts by adding to it the concepts of corporate identity and public existence responsibility. Then, this study examines the structural relationship between corporate identity and public existence responsibility. This study contributes to expanding CSR to give customers a different perspective from previous studies in that it specifically measures corporate public existence responsibility, corporate identity, and corporate value creation and investigates the structural relationship. Research design, data, and methodology - This study addresses specific research questions. First, it asks whether non-financial performance is a component of CSR; second, it asks if the improvement in the corporate image should be treated as its corporate identity; and third, it tries to expand CSR concepts from corporate citizenship and public market awareness to public existence responsibility. The research hypothesis is formulated to confirm the relationships among CSR, corporate value creation, corporate identity, and public existence responsibility. Result - This study confirms that CSR has a positive correlation with corporate value creation and that CSR has a relatively positive correlation with corporate identity and public existence responsibility. Additionally, it confirms a positive correlation between corporate identity and public existence responsibility. However, corporate identity and public existence responsibility do not have an effect on corporate value creation. However, the influence of public existence responsibility confirmed the influence of corporate value creation through corporate identity as a mediating variable. Conclusion - This study argues that CSR produces more general performance including both financial and non-financial performance. It also confirms that the goals and performance of CSR can substitute for corporate value creation from general performance. It further confirms that public existence responsibility includes market public awareness, corporate images, and corporate associations. It suggests that corporations should see themselves as having public existence responsibility. Further, they should devise strategies to build corporate identities that associate with corporate goals and visions. Finally, this study contributes to the expansion of perspectives on CSR theoretical concepts and goals of performance of the corporation throughout the corporate value creation process.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2015

Managers are always trying to be the best internal controls in their organizations copper approximate because they know that be effective internal control over previous systems, to fulfill the mission of the organization and minimize unexpected events will be extremely difficult. On the other hand, the existence of internal controls to increase efficiency, reduce head loss, assets and achieving a reasonable assurance of the reliability of financial statements and compliance with laws and regulations will be. Internal control, not an event, but a series of operations and activities on the basis of output. Internal controls help to achieve the goal of minimizing the problems of implementing appropriate internal controls. Internal control is an integral component of corporate governance that will provide reasonable assurance of achieving the organization's objectives. preventing, detecting errors and fraud goes to work. Responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud and error in the public sector is the responsibility of managers. Managers of internal control and consistently applying appropriate accounting systems, this responsibility will play (Lin et al., 2011). Since the public sector organizations differ from each other, thus establishing internal controls cant be the same for all organizations and agencies of the public sector. Establish specific controls on each system to factors such as size, type of operation and organizational goals that the system is designed, it depends. On the other hand, rapid advances in information technology, the need to update internal control guidelines in relation to Create a new computer system so as to ensure that the activities of managers and effective control Should be updated if necessary.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1097-1104
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• 2020

This research seeks to provide evidence about how political connections, proxied by government ownership and the existence of politically connected board members, affect the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in Indonesian listed companies. This research uses the legitimacy theory as a basis for explaining management's motivation for disclosing its CSR. The sample consists of 131 firm-year observations from 38 non-financial public companies that published sustainability reports from 2013 to 2017. We measured the CSR disclosures using a disclosure checklist on the sustainability reports. We subsequently processed the data using a random effect (RE) linear regression. The result shows that CSR disclosures were greater in government-owned companies but lower in companies that have politically connected board members. The results support the legitimacy theory that the government intends to demonstrate legitimate national economic and political conditions by showing that government-owned companies are sustainable. However, CSR disclosures seem to have a substitutive relationship with the existence of politically connected board members, since those political connections may protect the company from public pressure and/or the risk of litigation, reducing the need for CSR disclosures. This research provides evidence that different types of political connections may have different impacts on corporate disclosures.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.141-148
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• 2021

Project management is a current trend of management in the public sphere, based on different principles, methods and tools. The tools include information technologies providing control over time, cost, quality and planning process in order to ensure accountability to interested parties. The goal of the research was to examine the impact of the integration of information systems in project management of the public sphere on the quality of public governance and administration using the example of infrastructure projects involving the private sector in developing countries. The methodology of the research is based on the concepts of "digital-era governance" (DEG), "Information governance" and "project governance" to determine the effectiveness of information systems and technologies in the management of infrastructure projects in the public sphere. The data from the countries with Lower middle income (India, Indonesia, Philippines, Ukraine, Vietnam) and Upper middle income (Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Romania, Russian Federation, Thailand, Turkey) for 1996-2020 were used to study the effects of DEG. The results show two main trends in the countries with Lower middle income and Upper middle income. The first trend is the development of digital governance, the concept of "digital-era governance" through information systems and performance measurement of the governance system, forecasting of investment flows of infrastructure projects, measurement of payback and effectiveness parameters for investment management in the public sector, decision support. The second trend is the existence of systemic challenges related to corruption, social and institutional factors through the development of democracy in developing countries and the integration of NPM similar to developed countries. The confidence of interested parties, especially private investors, in public authorities is determined by other factors - the level of return on investment, risks and assignment of responsibility, probability of successful completion of the project. These data still remain limited for a wide range of project participants, including citizens.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.281-290
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• 2021

The scope of fire services has been expanded from local fire prevention to rescue and first aid services, and the fire services system has been converted from an autonomous fire services system to a wide-area fire services system, and the status of fire officers has been unified as a national public servant. However, the underlying problem remains unsolved. One is a problem related to the conversion of fire services to state affairs, and the other is that Fire officers converted to national public servants are in charge of fire services which are evaluated as local autonomous affairs. The controversy over the nature of fire service stems from uncertainty and redundancy in the coordination of office function and distribution between the State and Local governments, and incomplete legislation that fundamentally fails to achieve systematic unity of office work and status. The fire service has a national responsibility as an affair that includes the existence of the state and the welfare and order of the people along with the police affairs. That is, affairs related to the safety of the people that protect the lives, bodies and properties of the people should be understood as State affairs. 「The LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT」 stipulates that local governments cannot perform State affairs such as affairs necessary for the existence of the nation, affairs requiring performance in a uniform manner throughout the nation, and affairs of nationwide or similar scale unless otherwise provided by the law. Fire Service should be regarded as such affairs. Considering that the rights to the safety and life of the people and the duty to protect the people are the duty of the nation, it is necessary to keep in mind that the reason for the change fire officers to the national public servants was not basically just a matter of treatment and finance.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.221-234
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• 2016

Open port has the designated course and traffic jam of ships happens often. This fact may connect to ship crash easily. And the accident happens due to violation of navigation mainly. In ship crash between Neoblue and Shinkwang 7 at incheon open port, the Korean incheon maritime safety tribunal shows that the violation of navigation and duty of attention at the open port would produce ship crash directly. Wherefore, the interpretation and application of navigation are important to protect future ship crash accident. The points of navigation as objects of study are divided into two categories, interpretation and application of navigation on crashing between the ship which navigate the designated course and the ship which enter into the designated course from the another course or outside the course, interpretation and application of navigation on crashing between two or more ships, which navigate violating the navigation every ships and violating agreement rule each other. And as conclusion, I refer the legal responsibility both Neoblue and Shinkwang 7 in detail. The results of this study as follows : First, in case of crashing between the ship which navigate the designated course and the ship which enter into the designated course from the another course or outside the course, public order in open port act can be applied by priority. However, in applying the public order the principle of trust and reasons of crew, cause and effect, the time of navigation application are mandatory considerations. Second, in case of crashing between two or more ships, which navigate violating the navigation every ships and violating agreement rule each other, we should focus on the reasons of crew. Also, the reasons of crew need strict conditions. These means that the awareness of crash danger and recognition of special circumstance including limit state of ships, existence of emergency danger, non escaping crash danger by only observance of navigation. And in case of this state the public order the principle of trust and reasons of crew, cause and effect, the time of navigation application should be considered by priority, too.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

It is relevant and timely for the existence and prosperity of today's tourism to build up a stock of new abilities and a set of innovations. At present, the tourism industry is experiencing a new stage in its digital transformation. The newest technologies, which are now spreading en masse and one of which is rightfully considered to be blockchain technology, enable tourists to receive tourist services directly from the producers, which not only gives the consumer the opportunity to enjoy higher quality and inexpensive products but also increases the responsibility of the producer. The article analyzes research literature on the possibility of using blockchain technology in the tourism industry. Based on an expert survey, the main problems, prospects, and advantages of the implementation of blockchain technology in the tourism industry are identified. The paper proposes and analyzes an option for the use of blockchain technology on the basis of a blockchain project with a mobile app for users and a dedicated website and public API for travel service providers.

• The Journal of Korean-Japanese National Studies
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• no.34
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• pp.5-40
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• 2018

This paper is to take note of national, social and economic movement, social & economic publicness of religion surrounding Yeonggwang, Joennam around 1910s. At first I would like to look at this period because regional society was in the middle of change of large transition before and after Japan's forced occupation of Korea in 1910s and March 1st Independence Movement in 1919. In particular we focus on spatially Yeonggwang in Joennam because this area is not only called as advent area of Buddhism earlier but also is unique regional culture and ideological topology where Donghak, Protestantism, Catholic, Institute of Won Buddhism and etc. Through casting light upon the above, it is expected to offer one clue for the question of internalizing value to be sought for in the national and social and economic movement by Korean religion around 1910 and public goods in the strategy and tactics to be selected and further publicness and practice lying in their awareness and behavior. In particular it is thought to have advanced the accumulation of case study of Yeonggwang in Joennam with representative 'place-ness' related to this. Along with this it is considered that our challenge is to restore and casting light again on common foundation of existence shape and publicness of various religions in the middle of national and social movement and economic movement in Yeonggwang of Joennam area. In other words, we expect that religions will continue individual efforts and common practices to urge social justice for historic and public value based on common good encompassing historic value, in other words, individual responsibility and social justice among social and economic conditions originated from Japanese colonial era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.13-30
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• 2008

Visual language is 'a form of communication without text'. Visual language is one of the strongest methods to spread knowledge. Uniforms could be interpreted as a symbolic language that establishes order in this complicated modern society by placing identity and responsibility on each members of various different organizations. In light of the above, the purpose of this research paper will be to analyze police uniforms of U.S.A, Great Britain, Italy, France and Korea as a form of visual language and interpreting them in terms of visual design in order to understand the fundamental ideas behind the designs and the effective applications thereof. Upon analysis of traffic police uniforms of each individual county mentioned above by separating each uniform's distinctive design, pattern, color, material and decoration based on visual factor, three characteristics of authority, dynamic functionality and friendliness were derived from comparing and analyzing each country's distinctive uniform design. The traditional unique role of police in our society was to maintain social order as their nature inherently possesses characteristic of authority and preservation, but has since undergone transition in many countries to appeal to the broader public by incorporating friendliness and dynamic functionality. Analyzing police uniforms in terms of visual linguistic sense requires a much more profound process of understanding beyond simple interpretation of configurative shapes. In conclusion, the true purpose of uniforms is to include and portray images of mankind's desire toward expressing ideas like 'mankind's bias toward existence beyond theirselves and the exercise of force through authority' and materializing such ideas into a physical form.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.140-149
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• 2007

Social recognition conversion of the jewelry-related industries must be preceded by changes of responsibility of both the staff in charge and educators in education objections. Based on the debate of whether or not increasing (public) interest in jewelry design will subsequently lead to bringing about vision and possibility in the form of cultural management, this paper examined the influences that logical systematization of jewelry design and educational process of jewelry designers' ethics have on the next generation of the cultural industry of jewelry. Through the education and the industry of Italy, this paper analyzed existent method of design, current trend, and new content sand cases of design management that are based on types of consumption. In addition, it also provided the developmental possibility of future culture industry, and the foundation of ethical philosophy of jewelry education that lies beyond national economic power. I intend to imply significance of how designer's perception and conduct provides the whole new conventional foundation of sympathy and sensitivity and the existent method of design.