• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.49-81
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• 2007

Research in the IS (Information Systems) outsourcing has focused on the importance of legal contracts and partnerships between vendors and clients. Without detailed legal contracts, there is no guarantee that an outsourcing vendor would not indulge in self-serving behavior. In addition, partnerships can supplement legal contracts in managing the relationship between clients and vendors legal contracts by itself cannot deal with all the complexity and ambiguity involved with IS outsourcing relationships. In this paper, we introduce a psychological contract (between client and vendor) as an important variable for IS outsourcing success. A psychological contract refers to individual's mental beliefs about his or her mutual obligations in a contractual relationship (Rousseau, 1995). A psychological contract emerges when one party believes that a promise of future returns has been made, a contribution has been given, and thus, an obligation has been created to provide future benefits (Rousseau, 1989). An employmentpsychological contract, which is a widespread concept in psychology, refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship, i.e. mutual obligations, values, expectations and aspirations that operate over and above the formal contract of employment (Smithson and Lewis, 2003). Similar to the psychological contract between an employer and employee, IS outsourcing involves a contract and a set of mutual obligations between client and vendor (Ho et al., 2003). Given the lack of prior research on psychological contracts in the IS outsourcing context, we extend such studies and give insights through investigating the role of psychological contracts between client and vendor. Psychological contract theory offers highly relevant and sound theoretical lens for studying IS outsourcing management because of its six distinctive principles: (1) it focuses on mutual (rather than one-sided) obligations between contractual parties, (2) it's more comprehensive than the concept of legal contract, (3) it's an individual-level construct, (4) it changes over time, (5) it affects organizational behaviors, and (6) it's susceptible to organizational factors (Koh et al., 2004; Rousseau, 1996; Coyle-Shapiro, 2000). The aim of this paper is to put the concept, psychological contract commitment (PCC), under the spotlight, by finding out its mediating effects between legal contracts/partnerships and IS outsourcing success. Our interest is in the psychological contract commitment (PCC) or commitment to psychological contracts, which is the extent to which a partner consistently and deeply concerns with what the counter-party believes as obligations during the IS project. The basic premise for the hypothesized relationship between PCC and success is that for outsourcing success, client and vendor should continually commit to mutual obligations in which both parties believe, rather than to only explicit obligations. The psychological contract commitment playsa pivotal role in evaluating a counter-party because it reflects what one party really expects from the other. If one party consistently shows high commitment to psychological contracts, the other party would evaluate it positively. This will increase positive reciprocation efforts of the other party, thus leading to successful outsourcing outcomes (McNeeley and Meglino, 1994). We have used matched sample data for this research. We have collected three responses from each set of a client and a vendor firm: a project manager of the client firm, a project member from the vendor firm with whom the project manager cooperated, and an end-user of the client company who actually used the outsourced information systems. Special caution was given to the data collection process to avoid any bias in responses. We first sent three types of questionnaires (A, Band C) to each project manager of the client firm, asking him/her to answer the first type of questionnaires (A).

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.21-41
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• 2007

IT 아웃소싱은 전략적 차원에서 추진되는 조직의 중요 사안이나 이를 추진함에 있어 명확한 목표와 분명한 계약이 없이 단순한 생각으로 접근했을 경우는 그 결과에 대해 주관적인 실패로 인식하기 쉽다. 특히 아웃소싱 관리에서는 공급자와 고객 간의 계약 특히 심리적 계약에 근거한 관계 관리가 매우 중요하다고 인식되며, 본 연구는 아웃소싱 관계 수준과 아웃소싱 성과에 영향을 미치는 아웃소싱 공급자와 수혜자인 고객의 책무 사항에 초점을 두고 이루어졌다. IT 아웃소싱에 대한 공급자의 책임영역은 아웃소싱 수행 기반적 요소 및 수행 능력과 관련된 요소로 대별할 수 있으며, 고객의 책임영역은 아웃소싱 수용 환경적 요소 및 수용 능력과 관련된 요소로 대별할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과로는 수행기반, 수행능력, 수용능력이 아웃소싱 관계수준에 영향을 미치고, 아웃소싱 관계수준은 아웃소싱 성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 공급자의 수행능력은 아웃소싱 성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치기도 한다. 그리고 공급자와 고객의 4가지 책임영역은 상호간에도 유의적 관계가 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2019

In this paper, we analyze the current phenomenon of child abuse crimes based on the information gathered by the National Child Protection Agency. The purpose of this paper is to diagnose the seriousness of child abuse by biological parents based on the analyzed information and propose measures against it. Comprehensive and integrated measures are needed for child abuse committed by biological parents due to abuse concealment, continuity of damage, and inactive national intervention by considering punishment on attackers through national intervention, fundamental in-depth psychological counseling, therapeutic care, promoting recovery of victims, and ultimately continuous and regular management and monitoring as a long-terms measure. To do so, developing customized and individual educational programs and make them obligations can be first presented to identify child abuse in advance and build up preventive systems based on the principle of family preservation. In addition, problems should be addressed at a fundamental level by performing various and active therapeutic treatments such as psychological treatment, mental treatment, or drug treatment gradually and through phases for biological parents who commit child abuse and contributing to recovering the relationship. Furthermore, proper protection and treatment service should be provided to children victimized by abuse by extending professional children care facilities and adopting the professional family commission system as measures by separating family.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2024

In this paper, focusing on Oscar Wilde's novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray," we explore the protagonist's lack of conscience and unethical attitude, emphasizing its relevance to our self-development and growth. The primary goal is to interpret the impact of Dorian Gray's actions and choices on personal development and growth, highlighting the importance of a specific mindset and attitude to the reader. It dissects how Wilde navigates the intricate layers of Dorian's character, exposing the ethical dilemmas and transformative moments that contribute to the profound changes within him. The examination sheds light on the depth and complexity of Dorian Gray's character, offering readers a nuanced understanding of the forces at play in his moral and psychological journey. Interpretation of Wilde's intent to impart lessons on the reader's personal growth and development through Dorian's story is undertaken. The discussion also explores the impact of Dorian's unethical attitude on contemporary readers and its influence on our daily lives and values.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제16권6_2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

행정상 공표의 하나로 행하여지고 있는 인적사항공개는 법률에 의해 부과된 의무를 위반한 자에 대한 특정정보를 행정기관이 직접 또는 인터넷이나 신문, 방송 등 대중매체를 통하여 불특정 다수인에게 공개하는 제도이다. 이와 같은 인적사항공개제도는 의무위반자의 인적사항을 공개함으로써 의무위반자에게 그의 의무위반 사실을 불특정 다수인이 알 수 있다는 심리적 압박을 가하여 의무를 이행하도록 하는 간접적인 제재수단이다. 그러나 이러한 인적사항공개는 헌법이 보장하는 개인의 명예나 프라이버시에 대한 침해는 물론 개인정보보호라는 법률적인 문제뿐만 아니라 제도 그 자체의 실효성에 대한 의문도 계속되고 있다. 이에 따라 이 논문에서는 행정상 인적사항공개제도가 갖는 법률적인 문제점과 그 개선방안에 대해 검토함으로써 향후 인적사항공개제도의 효율적인 정비에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2012

Although the prevalence of divorce in South Korea has greatly increased since late 1990s, the impact of divorce on the parents of adult children in Korean families has received very little attention. This is particularly unfortunate because of the emphasis in Korean culture on family cohesion and obligations. To address these issues, we explored in our study the well-being of the parents of divorced adult children as well as intergenerational relationships among the members of Korean families. Total 113 parents participated (39 males and 74 females), age ranged from 46 to 65. Of the total participants surveyed, 29% were parents of divorced children (N=33), with the remainder having children in intact marriages (N=80). The measures examined four areas: (1) demographics, (2) parental psychological well-being, (3) intergeneration relationships, and (3) parental perception of their adult child's marital experience. A series of MANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Our findings indicate important differences between parents of divorced children and parents of non-divorced children on overall well-being, interpersonal relationships, and parental perception, which is consistent with previous studies. Parents of divorced children in this study also reported lower level of intergenerational relationships compared to parents of nondivorced children. Parent-grandchild relationships seem to be particularly important for parental well-being. In addition, we found an unexpected association between parents and their relationship with their former children inlaws. More detailed discussion was discussed.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2023

Despite the commercialization of Next generation sequencing (NGS) gene testing, only a few studies have addressed the various ethical and legal problems associated with NGS testing in Korea Here, we reviewed the normative issues that emerged at each stage of the wet analysis and bioinformatics analysis of NGS gene testing. In particular, it was in mind to apply various international guidelines and the principles of bioethics to actual clinical practice. Considering the characteristics of NGS testing, wet analysis of additional testing can be justified if presumptive consent is recognized. Furthermore, the medical relationship between diseases needs to be established and it should be clear that the patient would have given consent if the patient had been aware of the correlation between genes. At the stage of bioinformatics analysis, the question of unsolicited findings arises. In case of unsolicited and relevant findings, according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), a recognized relationship between genes and diseases needs to be established. In case of unsolicited and not-relevant findings, it is almost impossible to determine whether knowing or not knowing the findings is more beneficial to the patient. However, it seems to be certain that the psychological harm an individual may suffer from such information is likely to be greater if the disease is severe and if there is no cure. The list of genes for which the ACMG guidelines impose reporting obligations is a good reference for judgment.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2023

라이브커머스 시장의 성장은 스마트폰만 있으면 언제, 어디서나, 편리하고 간단하게 라이브커머스를 시작할 수 있다. 스마트폰 서비스 이용은 지속적인 커뮤니케이션을 제공하며, 심리적 애착을 느끼면서 이용하게 되고, 더 나아가 심리적 애착과 소비자 자신과의 자아일치, 자아정체성까지 연결된다. 본 연구는 라이브커머스를 이용하는 소비자의 동기와 지각에 초점을 두고 살펴보고자 한다. 즉, 소비자의 개인적, 심리적 특성으로 조절초점성향과 자아효능감(self-efficacy)의 조절효과를 통해 서비스애착과의 관계를 살펴보려 한다. 다시 말해, 소비자의 동기와 목표에 따라 소비자의 행동 방향을 결정하게 되는 조절초점(regulatory focus)성향이 라이브커머스의 서비스애착에 영향을 미치고. 주어진 상황이나 과업에서 원하는 결과를 위해 스스로 계획하고 실행하여 목표를 달성할 수 있다는 개인적인 자신감 및 확신과 신념인 자아효능감(self-efficacy)이 이러한 관계를 조절할 것으로 본다. 분석결과, 예방초점을 높게 지각하는 소비자들은 부정적인 결과를 회피하고, 안전과 의무를 추구하는 경향이 강할수록, 개인적인 자신감과 신념인 자아효능감이 상쇄시켜 라이브커머스의 서비스에 대한 애착을 더 강하게 형성시켰다. 라이브커머스 서비스 이용 시, 정보획득에 대해 유익하다고 지각할수록, 자신의 신념인 자아효능감이 높아지므로 안전추구성향과 부정적 결과를 회피하려는 예방초점성향의 소비자들에게 인지적 경험뿐 아니라 감정적 경험인 서비스애착이 강하게 형성되는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 라이브커머스의 서비스 이용에 대한 소비자의 심리적 행동을 이해하고, 이를 기반으로 라이브커머스에 진입하려는 기업 및 소상공인들에게 운영전략 및 관리에 도움이 되리라 본다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.205-221
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 오프라인 화장품 구매경로에서 판매원의 판매설득전술이 고객의 심리적의무감, 판매원에 대한 신뢰와 재구매의도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였으며, 고객에게 지각된 서비스품질의 조절효과를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 오프라인 화장품 구매경로를 통해 제품을 구매한 적이 있는 298명의 고객을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하여 구조방정식 모형을 통해 분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과로 첫째, 판매원의 설득전술 중, 감성자극 전술(H1a), 고객환심사기 전술(H1d), 개인적 호소 전술(H1e)은 고객의 심리적의 무감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 감성자극 전술(H2a), 제안설득 전술(H2b), 정보제공 전술(H2c), 고객환심 전술(H2d)이 판매원에 대한 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리적의무감은 고객의 재구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 고객의 판매원에 대한 신뢰는 재구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지각된 서비스품질은 심리적의무감과 재구매의도, 판매원에 대한 신뢰와 재구매의도 사이에서 모두 유의한 조절효과를 나타냈다. 판매설득전술에 대한 기존 선행연구들에서는 제한적으로 하위 변수를 특정하여 설득전술을 살펴본 연구가 다수였으며, 재구매의도와 같은 마케팅적 요소를 확인한 연구 역시 미비하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 토대로 확인된 실증적 연구의 결과는 향후의 진행될 연구에 판매원의 설득전술에 대한 기준이나 방향성에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 아울러, 본 연구에서는 오프라인 화장품 매장을 관리 및 운영하는 소상공인들을 대상으로 종업원 교육 및 관리에 도움을 제공할 수 있는 시사점과, 고객에게 지각되는 서비스품질을 높이기 위해 전략적으로 수립해야하는 판매 전략에 대한 시사점을 기술하였다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2013

Shopping is considered a 'must-do' activity for most people on travel. One of the major parts of tourist shopping is the purchasing of souvenirs. Souvenirs are universally associated with tourism as a commercially produced and purchased object to remind the purchaser of the experience. Recently, Korea becomes one of the most popular destinations that many Asian tourists like to visit. Among those Asian tourists, the number of Thai tourists bound for Korea shows an incredible rapid growth. Thai people pick Korea and Seoul as their favorite country and city to visit for three consecutive years since 2009. One of the major reasons why Thais are choosing to tour Korea is the enthusiasm for Korean pop culture. That is, 'Hallyu' has influenced Thais' decision to visit Korea and purchase Korean products. The primary objective of the current research is to explore the shopping experiences of Thai tourists, specifically their souvenir shopping. It adopts a reflexive interpretive approach to bring light to the various meanings Thai tourists attach to the souvenirs they purchase in Korea. In order to accomplish the objective, the individual interviews were conducted. A total of 12 Thais who have experienced traveling in Korea participated in the study. Four themes were identified through interview text analysis. First, the research participants almost always purchase souvenirs in Korea because the souvenirs represent their identities as tourists. Especially, they purchase the souvenirs as gifts for others, including family members, friends, and colleagues. The souvenirs as gifts show love and thanks to others, and they cement the social relationship. However, purchasing souvenirs for others is more like the moral obligations which evoke the psychological stress. Secondly, the research participants feel closer to Korea while shopping souvenirs around. Thirdly, they obtain imaginative experiences and pleasure through souvenirs related to the Korean pop culture. Souvenirs provide them to visually extraordinary experiences. Lastly, souvenirs purchased in Korea act as visible status marker when they go back to Thailand. They show the socioeconomic status and lifestyles. Tourists themselves and others place special value to souvenirs that were purchased out of Thailand. The findings of this study are of both academic and practical importance. Souvenirs are among the most pervasive elements of the travel experience. However, souvenir shopping is the complicated consumer behavior within tourism both from business and social science perspectives. Along the same line, it needs strategic approaches in order to maximize the economy effects. It concludes by suggesting how further research could offer unique insights into how the souvenirs are positioned both in the context of tourism academics and industry.