• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.9
• /
• pp.526-532
• /
• 2015

A bioreactor filling with pellets and stones was equipped to the swine manure treatment system, which is expected to emit high concentration of odor in the process of the organic wastewater treatment system, and in comparison with the activated sludge process as the control process, the reactor operation state, treatment water quality and odor emission concentration were measured. The reactor using the bioreactor proved to be much more stable in the bubble condition, treatment water transparency, etc, and BOD removal efficiency was also much better. The removal efficiency of T-N and T-P, however, showed little difference in the two reactors. Odor, as a result of examining $NH_3-N$, $NH_3$ concentratio, and complex odor, was 4 times to 24 times less emitted in the system using bioreactor than in the activated sludge system. $H_2S$, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide were not found or were found in only 5 ppbs in each reactor and showed little difference between the two reactors. In the bioreactor process, Bacillus sp./ Pseudomonas sp. species were mainly found and in the activated sludge process, acterium sp. Chryseobacterium sp. species were mainly found.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate applicability of Spent Mushroom Media(SMM) as horticultural nursery media. After the mushroom has been harvested, the SMM contains a lot of organic material, different microorganism and high density of mushroom hypha. The pH, phosphate and exchangeable cation concentrations of SMM of Flammulina velutipes were higher than those of any other treatment. The CEC and $NH_4-N$ were the highest in SMM of bottle-cultivated oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Bacteria and fungi showed the highest density in SMM of Flammulina velutipes. Most dominant bacteria were Microbacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp. and Agrobacterium sp. in SMM of Flammulina velutipes and Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Curtobacterium sp. and Microbacterium sp. in that of Pleurotus eryngii. The SMM contained high density of mushroom hypha that inhibited germination of seed and growth of young seedlings. Therefore, composting process of the SMM is indispensible to decline of vitality of mushroom hypha. The SMM of Flammulina velutipes with 0~30% vermiculite showed high germination rate in red pepper and chinese cabbage seeds. SMM of Pleurotus eryngii with 20% vermiculite showed 100% germination rate in red pepper seeds, but chinese cabbage seeds nearly failed to germinate with 30% vermiculite. The growth of red pepper was increased according to increasing mixture ratio of vermiculite. Accordingly, we concluded that SMM of Flammulina velutipes contained 0~30% of vermiculite can be used to horticultural growth bed for red pepper.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.196-199
• /
• 1997

We studied the effect of inoculation of microorganisms known to produce plant growth promoting substances, on the growth and yield of cucumber(Cucumis sativa L.), through a field experiment. The microorganisms used were isolated from the forest soil and consisted of Micrococus sp., Baccilus sustilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Baccilus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, Cellulomonas sp. and Staphylococus xyposus. Fotr the multiplication, microorganisms were cultured in liquid media of Pseudomonas P and Sabouraud dextrose. Inoculation of microorganisms was done by spraying the culture media after the culture of them to soil and cucumber plants, three times during the growth of cucumber at the rate of 10l/ha. The inoculation of microorganisms tended to promote the growth of cucumber plant and increase the yield of it. No sign of significant improvement of soil chemical and physical properties were observed after the harvest of crop. The population of bacteria and actinomycetes tended to be higher in the inoculated plots than in not inoculated plots, while opposite was the case in the population of fungi.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2007

The antimicrobial activity of Curcuma aromatica Salab. was investigated. The Curcuma aromatica Salab. extract showed antimicrobial activity against six pathogens tested. These were Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 21541,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29273, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 21541, vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, and Aeromonas hydrophila KCTC 2358. Antimicrobial activity was alsonoted when the extract was tested against four isolates of Bacillus sp. purified from spoiled tofu. The growth of various pathogens was significantly inhibited (100 10,000-fold) upon growth in tryptic soy broth containing 0.05 0.2%(w/v) Curcuma aromatica Salab. extract(CE), after incubation for 12hr at $37^{\circ}C$. The growth of the four Bacillus isolates was also significantly inhibited in nutrient broth containing 0.05 0.2% CE after incubation for 24hr at $37^{\circ}C$. Although the antimicrobial activity of CE was decreased by heat treatment at temperatures above $80^{\circ}C$, the activity remained relatively high after heat treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15min. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of CE were 0.1 0.3%(v/v culture) for the six pathogens, and 0.2 0.25% for the Bacillus isolates, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to select the bacteriocin-producing microoreanism cultivated in the rice bran culture and to characterize the produced bacteriocin for the further purpose of economical and anti-bacterial rice bran protein film. Pseudomonas putida 21025 was cultivated from rice bran and identified as a producer of a bacteriocin which showed bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027. Bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas putida 21025 showed a broad spectrum of activity against spoilage and soil bacteria. The activity of the bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas putida 21025 decreased after 1 hr of staying at the temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, and with the presence of some organic solvents, except hexane and ethanol. However, the bacteriocin activity was stable throughout the pH ranges of 6-9 for 2 hrs, at the temperature lower than $50^{\circ}C$, and with the presence of ethanol for 3 hrs. The bacteriocin was partially purified by 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by subsequent dialysis. Direct detection of the partially purified bacteriocin on SDS-PAGE suggested that it had an apparent molecular mass of about 21.6 kDa.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.211-215
• /
• 1983

The changes of microflora during fermentation of low salted sardine were observed. The viable cell count in the low salt fermented sardine with $8\%\;or\;10\%$ salt showed lower than that of control ($20\%$ salt) during the fermentation period and it was considered that the microbial growth was controlled by adding ethanol, sorbitol and lactic acid. Among 48 strains isolated, 7 genus of bacteria and 1 genus of yeast were identified during the fermentation of sardine. The changes of microflora also occurred during fermentation depending on the salt levels in the product. Brevibacterium, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Baciilus were detected at early stage of fermentation and they disappeared after 50 days fermentation from the product with $20\%$ salt and Halobacterium, Micrococcus, Pediococcus and Torulopsis were isolated, whereas Brevibacterium, Micrococcus and Pediococcus were isolated from the product with $8\%\;or\;10\%$ salt.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2005

While the rusty-colored root is common in ginsengs culture and, often results in a severe economic loss, the major factors have not been found. This study was focused on the determination of a potential relationship between rusty root and endophytic bacteria. The number of endophytes was $9.6\;{\times}\;10^1{\sim}1.5\;{\times}\;10^2\;cfu/g$ fw in normal ginseng roots compared to $3.7\;{\times}\;10^6{\sim}5.1\;{\times}\;10^7\;cfu/g$ fw in rusty ones. Of 31 isolates from rusty ginseng roots, twenty-four isolates repeatedly induced severe to moderate rust on root while seven isolates induced slight rust. The bacteria responsible for rusty ginseng roots were mainly Gram negative aerobic. Rust inducing bacteria were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes, Burkholderia phenazinium, Ensifer adharens, Lysobacter gummosus, Microbacterium luteolum, M. oxydans, Pseudomonas marginalis, P. veronii, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium leguminosarum, R. tropica, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Rh. globerulus, Variovorax paradoxus on the basis of bacteriological characters and 16S rDNA sequences analysis. The results in this study strongly suggested that the rusty ginseng roots were produced by infection and growth of endophytic bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.368-374
• /
• 2012

BACKGROUND: The urgency of feeding the world's growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization and desertification requires suitable biotechnology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of soil nutrient and soil microorganism. Interest in the utilization of microbial fertilizer has increased. A principle of nature farming is to produce abundant and healthy crops without using chemical fertilizer and pesticides, and without interrupting the natural ecosystem. Beneficial microorganisms may provide supplemental nutrients in the soil, promote crop growth, and enhance plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms. We mixed beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus sp. Han-5 with anti-fungal activities, Trichoderma harziaum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum with organic material degrading activity, Actinomycetes bovis with antibiotic production and Pseudomonas sp. with nitrogen fixation. This study was carried out to investigate the mixtures on the soil microflora and soil chemical properties and the effect on the growth of lettuce and cucumber under greenhouse conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial mixtures were used with each of organic fertilizer, swine manure and organic+swine manure and compared in regard to changes in soil chemical properties, soil microflora properties and crop growth. At 50 days after the treatment of microorganism mixtures, the pH improved from 5.8 to 6.3, and the EC, $NO_3$-Na and K decreased by 52.4%, 60.5% and 29.3%, respectively. The available $P_2O_5$ and $SiO_2$ increased by 25.9% and 21.2%, respectively. Otherwise, the population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. was accelerated and the growth of vegetables increased. Moreover, the population density of E. coli and Fusarium sp., decreased remarkably. The ratio of bacteria to fungi (B/F) and the ratio of Actinomycetes bovis to fungi (A/F) increased 2.3 (from 272.2 to 624.4) and 1.7 times (from 38.3 to 64), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and yield of cucumber and lettuce significantly increased by the treatment of microorganism mixtures. CONCLUSION(S): These results suggest that the treatment of microorganism mixtures improved the chemical properties and the microflora of soil and the crop growth. Therefore, it is concluded that the microorganism mixtures could be good alternative soil amendments to restore soil nutrients and soil microflora.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2002

Several antagonistic bacteria, SD-1, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, and 16, which have strong CMCase and amylase activities, were isolated from the fermented mushroom media. Among them, SD-1, 10, 11, and 15 have strong antibacterial activities against the mushroom pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas sp., and SD-1, 10, 11, 14, and 16 have strong antifungal activities against the mushroom pathogenic fungi, Trichoderma sp. SD-14, 15, and 16 did not inhibit the growth of mushroom Pleurotus eryngii ASI-2302, and Pleurotus ostreatus ASI-2042 and ASI-2180. When the culture broth mixture of the seven bacterial strains was applied to the mushroom media, the growths of pathogens, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp., were inhibited.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.451-456
• /
• 1999

Microorganisms utilizing petroleum as substrate were screened from the seawater in Pusan coastal area. Among them, fifty strains utilized bunker-A oil as a sole carbon and energy source. Five of these fifty strains were selected to experiment this study. According to the taxonomic characteristics of its morphological, cultural and biochemical properties, the selected stains were named Pseudomonas sp. EL-12, Flavobacterium sp. EL-15, Acinetobacter sp. EL-18, Enterobacter sp. EL-27 and Micrococcus sp. EL-43, respectively. The optimal medium compositions and cultural conditions for assimilation of bunker-A oil by the selected strains were 1.5-2% bunker-A oil, 0.1% $NH_4NO_3$, 1-1.5% $MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$, 0.05-0.15% KCl, 0.1-0.15% $CaCl_2$.$2H_2O$, 2.5-3.5% NaCl, initial pH 8-9, temperature 3$0^{\circ}C$ and aeration, respectively. The utilization and degradation characteristics on the various hydrocarbons by the selected stains were showed that bunker oil, n-alkane and branched alkane compounds were highly activity than cyclic alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.