• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.187-193
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• 2004

Objective : This study was performed to examine the Magnetic therapy decrease the allergic reaction of Bee Venom. Methods : We injected BV to sample group(n=10) and control group(n=10) at 2 points of body, and also sample group was treated with Magnetic therapy additionally. We observed the change of local pain, pruritus, color difference value at 1 hour, 24 hours after injection. Results : Local pain, pruritus and color difference value of sample group were more decreased than control group. Conclusions : The Magnetic therapy decreased allergic reaction of Bee Venom.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2013

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare but life-threatening skin reaction disease and carbamazepine is one of its most common causes. We report a case of SJS secondary to carbamazepine in a patient with previous pruritus due to carbamazepine which was given for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. We would like to caution all providers that carbamazepine readministration should be avoided in the patient with a previous history of SJS or adverse skin reaction. In addition, we strongly recommend gradual titration when initiating treatment with carbamazepine.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to report the improvements of with nummular eczema treated using Osuyu-tang based on Shanghanlun provisions. Methods: According to the disease pattern identification diagnostic system based on the the patient was diagnosed with lesser-yin disease. The patient was treated with Osuyu-tang for 60 days. The severity of the patients' pruritus decreased, and changes in symptoms were assessed using visual analogue scale score and vIGA-AD^TM Results: The patients' symptoms improved, pruritus decreased, and abrasion healed. Conclusions: The results suggest that the words on the 309th provision of Shanghanlun are a direct cause of nummular eczema.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to report the improvement of a patient with nummular eczema treated with Hoeyeok-tang based on Shanghanlun provisions. Methods: According to the disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS) based on the Shanghanlun provisions, the patient was diagnosed with lesser yin disease according to the 324^th provision. The patient was treated with Hoeyeok-tang for 90 days. The severity of pruritus decreased, and changes in symptoms were estimated by a visual analog scale, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index and the Validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis. Results: The patient's symptoms were improved. The severity of pruritus decreased and they recovered from abrasions. Conclusions: This study suggests that the 324^th provision of Shanghanlun refer directly to nummular eczema.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 1992

The effect of epidural nalbuphine on pruritus, nausea, vomiting, voiding difficulties and/or analgesia induced by epidural morphine was determined in sixty Cesarian delivery patients. They were physical status 1 or 2 by ASA classification and randomly divided into three groups. They were administered morphine 3 mg only(group A), nalbuphine 5 mg with morphine 3 mg(group B), or nalbuphine 10 mg with morphine 3 mg(group C) at the time of peritoneal closure. During postoperative 24 hours their analgesic effects were evaluated by visual analogue scale(0~10). Respiratory rates, Trieger dot test and severity of side effects(0~2) were also evaluated. The results were as follows; 1) Analgesic duration of the first epidural administration was significantly long in group A than other groups, but there was no difference between that of group B and group C. 2) Pruritus was more severe in group A than other groups but the severity was decreased by increasing nalbuphine dosage. 3) Nausea and or vomiting was mild in group C and the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting combined with pruritus was decreased by increasing nalbuphine dosage. 4) Voiding difficulties was more severe in group A than other groups but the severity was not decreased by increasing nalbuphine dosage. 5) None of the patients had objective sedation or low respiration rate(< 10 times/minute). We concluded that epidural administration of nalbuphine 10 mg with morphine 3mg for post-Cesarean section pain management is one of good methods to reduce side effects induced by epidural morphine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2016

Objectives: Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque has been known to have anti-allergic effects in skin diseases. However, anti-atopic dermatitis effects of P. trifoliata Rafinesque have not been studied yet in skin diseases. The present study evaluated the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of P. trifoliata Rafinesque (PTR) using external treatments on AD. Methods: AD lesions were induced by the repeated application of 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the shaved back of BALB/c mice. $100{\mu}{\ell}$ of PTR extracts was applied to the AD lesions for 11 days. Histological assessments, mast cells count and serum levels of IgE were analyzed. The anti-pruritic effects of PTR were examined by the change of scratching frequency and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of PTR were examined by the expressions of Th2/Th1 cytokines and pro-inflammatory in dorsal skin. Results: Histopathological findings showed that topical application of PTR decreased the thickness of dermal and epidermal skin compared with the DNCB group. PTR also notably decreased the mast cells count and serum IgE. The scratching behavior of mice and expression of NGF were significantly reduced. In addition, PTR group significantly suppressed the IL-4, IL-6, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ cytokines compared to the DNCB group. Conclusions: These results indicated that P. trifoliata Rafinesque possess anti-pruritus and anti-atopic dermatitis properties. Therefore, P. trifoliata Rafinesque might be used for treatment of pruritus and atopic dermatitis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Background: Quality of postoperative care may be improved by management of postoperative pain. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia have several advantages over general anesthesia and parenteral analgesics in managing the postoperative pain. We retrospectively reviewed records of obstetrical patients who underwent the cesarean sections under epidural anesthesia to evaluate perioperative analgesic use, side effects, and complications. Methods: All patients received epidural anesthesia consisting of 0.25% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 100 ${\mu}g$ fentanyl, followed by epidural analgesia with 0.1% bupivacaine and 12.5 ${\mu}g$/ml fentanyl at rate of 2 ml/hr for 48 hours. Patients' records were reviewed for: medications administered for pain relief, incidence of nausea and vomiting and pruritus, and presence of respiratory or cardiovascular depression. Results: Over 18 months, 1,054 patients' records were reviewed. Average age was 27.8 years (18~43 years). 768 patients (72.9%) received no additional drugs for the pain relief. Intramuscular analgesics, ketoprofens, were one time administered to 247 patients (23.4%), 39 patients (3.7%) received two more dosages. The time of administration was $8.3{\pm}4.3$ hours postoperatively. Antiemetics, for example, low-dose droperidol, were administerd one time for 160 patients (15.2%), 5 patients (0.5%) received two or more administrations. The medication was administered $5.1{\pm}4.2$ hours postoperatively. Drugs for relief of pruritus, low-dose naloxone, were administered one time for 108 patients (10.2%), 10 patients (0.9%) received 2 or more dosages. The time of administration was $6.3{\pm}4.2$ hours postoperatively. None of the patients experienced cardiovascular nor respiratory (<8 breath/min) depression. Conclusions: Postoperative continuous epidural analgesia in combination with bupivacaine and fentanyl is an effective method of providing postoperative analgesia with low incidence of side effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2017

Objectives : To report the patient suspected chronic arsenic intoxication after Korean medicine treatment. Methods : One patient with highly suspected chronic arsenic intoxication was selected. He was suspected to be chronic arsenic intoxication because symptoms and hair heavy metals test. Acupuncture was applied for twice a day and herbal medicine(Pyeonghyeol-eum) was administered in 28 days. Evaluation method applied to xeroderma, pruritus, psoriasis were overall dry skin score(ODS), visual analogue scale(VAS), pruritus grading system(PGS). Results : Pyeonghyeol-eum, acupuncture and the other Korean medicine treatments improved xeroderma, pruritis, psoriasis after 28 days of treatment. ODS decreased from 3 to 2. VAS of Pruritus decreased from 8 to 1. PGS decreased from 15 to 4. Adverse effects were not reported. Conclusions : This study shows that the Korean medicine treatment was effective in impoving symptoms of chronic arsenic intoxication. But the additional study will be conducted for revealing dermatitis caused by chronic arsenic intoxication.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2015

Objectives: Realgar has been frequently used for skin disorders in history of herbal medicine. However, the efficacy of realgar has not been examined in atopic dermatitis(AD). In this study, the effects of realgar on AD were investigated, especially on pruritus and inflammation. Methods: AD lesions were induced in the shaved backs of BALB/c mice through repeated application of DNCB. The mice were treated for 11 days with 1% realgar ($100{\mu}L/day$). Histological changes in skin thickness were observed. The anti-pruritic effects of realgar were evaluated by the change in numbers of scratching behavior of mice and expression of substance P. The expressions of cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were measured. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of realgar were examined on expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Results: Realgar decreased skin thickness (both dermal and epidermal) 38% and 17% respectively, compared to positive control, DNCB group. The scratching behavior of mice was reduced by 42% and expression of substance P was significantly less. Cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly reduced by 52.6% and 77.6%, respectively. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and MAPKs (phospho-ERK1/2, -p38 and -JNK) were significantly suppressed with marked effects on phospho-ERK1/2. Conclusions: The collective results suggest that realgar shows anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on AD. And realgar might be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.248-252
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• 2011

Soy protein based formula (SPF) has been developed for infants who are at a high risk for atopic dermatitis (AD) and cow's milk protein allergy (CMA). We performed this study to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of SPF compared to conventional hydrolyzed cow's milk formula (hCMF) in the feeding of infants with AD and CMA. 38 infants (12 to 24 months of age) diagnosed with CMA and AD were randomized to receive either SPF or hCMF for 12 weeks. Follow-up was conducted at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Growth parameters of the infants were evaluated during each visit. Clinical evaluations, including AD severity scores, pruritus, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) (cow's milk protein and soy protein) levels of peripheral blood, were made at enrollment and week 12. Analysis was performed on the 32 infants (SPF: n=16, hCMF: n=16) who completed the 12-week intervention. Eczema area and severity index (EASI) scores, a measure of the severity of AD, and pruritus were significantly reduced after 12 weeks compared to enrollment in the both groups; however, the median changes for EASI scores and pruritus were not statistically different between the two groups. The growth parameters did not differ significantly between both groups at any assessed time point. This study suggests that SPF could be useful in decreasing the severity of AD without affecting infant growth status. Therefore SPF could provide an adequate and safe alternative to hCMF in treating infants with AD and CMA during the first 12 to 24 months of their life.