• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2004

Prunus mandshurica var. glabra Nakai (Rosaceae) is widely distributed in South Korea and bears a fruit with a bitter and astringent taste. An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of Prunus mandshurica was found to exhibit significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell lines. Bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract using an MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation assay as a monitor led to the isolation of the bioactive compounds. Two compounds, 1 and 2 were subsequently found to mediate cytotoxicity against U937, human monocytic leukemia cells. The 50% growth inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$/) of compounds 1 and 2 on U937 were 40 and 62 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1979

Almonds are one of the oldest sources of food and oil for man as used the ice cream, candy, roast, salting, chocolate, breads, backed, cookies, and flavoring ect. So, we wish to plant Almond in our country at the most parts of mountains. In this purpose we must be find out of both root stock of more compatibility and new techniques of grafting was rather simples as compared with the many steps of machinary involved today. This investigation has been carried out to reveral compatibility and practical controls of environment effectives involved in the occurence of each difference combination results in interspecific grafting of Almonds on the root stock of Prunus mandshurica and Prunus persica as materials during the 9 months period from March to November in 1978. With these selected scions were 4 varieties of Almond employing as the Hal1's hardy, Nonpareil, and Thompson grafted in the polyethylene green house with almost identical provision made for effective controls of automatical supplying to heating and mistsprayers as the $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 70~90% humidity. Following results have been obtained. Those environmental controls were more effective and practical to grafting unions and success by means veneer-grafting at the green house. 1. Hall's hardy Almond grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica was more compatibility than Prunus mandshurica. 2. The survival percentages as follows of the 95.33% of Hall's hardy/Prunus persica and 92.66% of Hall's hardy/Prunus mandshurica. And those were no significant between root stock of both species. 3. The 3 varieties of sweet Almond grafted on the root stock of P. mandshurica. And those were no significant between root stock of both species. 4. And the survival percentages as fellows. Thompson 92.66%, Nonpareil 90.66% and Kapareil 89.33% those grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica. 5. And then the survival percentage of interspecific grafts on the root Prunus mandshurica as follows of the materials of Thompson 89.66%, Nonpareil 87%, Kapareil 85%. 6. The analysis of variance were no significant among the interactions between 3 varieties Almond and 2 species of root stock plants. 7. And the growth of interspecific grafts of the high 161cm, diameter 12.3mm and length of roots 21.5cm growth as the Hall's hardy Almond grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica. 8. The root stock plants of Prunus mandshurica more effected to 6~8 days early developed leafing of scions and dark green colour than the Prunus persica. 9. The identical provision of automatic systems was more effective to graft unions and grafting process. 10. The veneer-grafting method at the green house was more effective and practical method for the mass production of Almond grafts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine the dormancy types and optimal germination conditions of Prunus mandshurica seeds. The pericarp of P. mandshurica seeds was presumed to be the reason for their poor water absorption. After the pericarp was removed with a razor blade, germination was observed to be less than 20.0% at all temperatures except at 5℃, suggesting the presence of physiological dormancy. Germination gradually increased at 5℃ after the removal of seed coat, reaching a final germination rate of 86.7% at 14 weeks of incubation. Based on these results, P. mandshurica seeds have a physiological dormancy. When seeds with removed pericarp were subjected to cold stratification, the germination percentage (rate) in the control group was low even at 16 weeks; however, the germination percentages in the 4, 8, and 12-week cold stratification groups were notably high with 93.3, 73.3, and 100.0%, respectively. The control group in the GA3 treatment experiment with seed coats removed showed minimal germination, but at 10 weeks, the germination percentage rose to 98.3% when treated with GA3 at 100 mg/L. Thus, it is necessary to scarify or completely remove the pericarp of P. mandshurica seeds to promote germination. After pericarp removal, it is important to subject the seeds to cold stratification at 5℃ for at least 4 weeks or treat them with GA3 at 100 mg/L.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.297.1-297.1
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 1996

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Dongdaesan, Turobong, Sangwangbong Area in Odaesan National Park, 27 plots(20$\times$20m) set up with random sampling method. Three groups were classified by cluster analyses. High positive correlations was proved between Tilia amurensis and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Malus faccata and Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, Prunus padus and Viburnum sargentii, and High negative correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and pronus padus, Tilia amurensis and Prunus padus, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Prunus padus. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.9586~1.1814.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2007

The vascular plants in the Mt. Manduk was listed 560 taxa composed of 110 families, 345 genera, 488 species, 1 subspecies, 67 varieties and 4 forms. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 4 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order; No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151) and Prunus yedoensis (No. 110). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 12 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Pseudostellaria multiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Stewartia koreana, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia core ana, Weigela subsessilis and Aster koraiensis. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 7 taxa were recorded; Carex okamotoi, Lilium distichum, Aristolochia contorta, Vaccinium oldhami, Paulownia coreana, Asperula lasiantha and Saussurea seoulensis. Specific plants by floral region were total 32 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 5 taxa (Girardinia cuspidata, Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Stewartia koreana, Asperula lasiantha) in class III, 3 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana and Caryopteris incana) in class II and 22 taxa (Pinus koraiensis, Hosta capitata, Chloranthus japonicus, Salix glandulosa, Juglans mandshurica, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 14 families, 36 genera, 44 species, 2 varieties, 46 taxa and naturalization rate was 8.2% of all 560 taxa of vascular plants. Wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing. Therefore, continuous control and conservation measures are needed on the ecosystem of Mt. Manduk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare and analyze forest vegetation distributed in Geumosanseong-inside in Geumosan Provincial Park from 2017.10 to 2019.6. The vegetation structure was classified by the phytosociological method and TWINSPAN and the correlation between the community structure and the environmental factors was analyzed using DCCA ordination analydsis. The vegetation structures are Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Q. acutissima, Larix leptolepis, Prunus padus and Morus alba community by the phytosociological method and 16 communities under TWINSPAN. The importance value of Q. mongolica(64.5) was the highest, and followed by F. mandshurica, L. leptolepis, Acer pseudosieboldianum, M. alba, P. padus, Q. acutissima, Sorbus alnifolia, P. serrulata var. pubescens, F. sieboldiana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Castanea crenata which is consistent with species having the dominance status by analysis of the vegetation structure. As the results of DBH analysis for taxon with high importance values, Q. mongolica and M. alba represented normal distribution, and thus, the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. L. leptolepis will maintain the dominance status due to high density of large individuals as compared with species above medium size. However, it will decrease because of high mortality after increase in age class. F. mandshurica and P. padus continue to show dominance status due to high density of young individuals as compared with species above medium size. Q. acutissima have high density of individuals above intermediate size and low density of young individuals, and thus, will maintain the dominance status. A. pseudosieboldianum, F. sieboldiana and R.schlippenbachii which are arborescent will present continuously high dominance status because of high density of young individuals. Soil analysis shows that whereas pH, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the research area were lower than the average values of overall forest soil and O.M, T-N, C.E.C and P₂O₅ were higher. We expected that these results were due to agricultures until 50 years ago in Geumosanseong-inside. As a result of DCCA ordination analysis using eleven environmental factors and communities classified by the phytosociological method analysis showed that Q. mongolica was distributed in the environment with higher elevation and O.M and steep slope, and lower P₂O₅, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. In contrast to F. mandshurica, Q. acutissima was distributed in higher K⁺ and lower pH. L. leptolepsis was distributed in various environment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.447-458
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• 2006

The resource plants at the Manduksan and Mireukbong was listed 550 taxa: 107 families, 339 genera, 481 species, 1 subspecies, 65 varieties and 3 forms. Among 550 taxa listed was confirmed 323 taxa of edible plants (58.7%), 384 taxa of medicinal plants (69.8%), 267 taxa of ornamental plants (48.5%) and 268 taxa of the others (48.7%). Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 4 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order: No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 11 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Pseudostellaria multiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 30 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 3 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Asperula lasiantha) in class III, 3 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana, Caryopteris incana) in class II, 22 taxa (Pinus koraiensis, Hosta capitata, Chloranthus japonicus, Salix glandulosa, Juglans mandshurica, etc.) in class I. This site needs urgent countermeasures, because there have increased many man-made damages like planting exotic plants, picking wild plants and soil compaction induced by human trampling.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.33-37
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted to investigate the vriabibities of the pupal weight and the number of eggs in the ovary of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. collected from the seven different host plants in the field. The correlation between the pupal weight and the number of eggs in the ovary was studied in connection with the species of the host plants. The results obtained were as follows. I) The pupal eight was varied with the species of the host plants and sexes. The order of average female pupal weight was Populus euramericanal Guinier(206.6 mg). Juglans mandshurica Max. (J97.8 mg). Platanus orientalis L. (182.4 mg). Acer neugndo L. (172.2 mg). Taxodium distichum Rich. (172.1 mg). Salix babylonica L. (128.8 mg) and Prunus serrulata var. spontanea (Max). Wilson (103.4 mg). and of the average male pupal weight. T. distichum (125.2 mg). P. orientalis (123.5mg). J. mandshurica (114.4 mg). A. negundo (109.5 mg). Peuramericana (106.3mg). S. babylonica (94.3 mg). and P. serrulata var. spontanea(74.6 mg). The weight of female pupae was greater than that of male pupae in all case. 2) The unmber of eggs in the ovary was also vaied with the species of the host plants. The order of the average number of eggs in the ovary was P. euramericana(1331.1). J. mandshurica(I239.9). T. disichum (1237.0). A. negundo (1186.9). P. orientalis (1145.5), S. babylonica (800.0) and P. serrulata var. spontanea (641.5). 3) The number of eggs in the ovary for all the host plants tested was highly correlated with the pupal weight.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2009

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain valley from Cheonwangbong to Seonneotang, 23 plots($400m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Abies koreana community, Fraxinus mandshurica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community were classified by cluster analysis. Abies koreana was a major woody plant species in the valley area from Cheonwangbong to Mapogpo, and Pinus koraiensis, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Sorbus amurensis was partly occupied. High positive correlations was proved between Picea jezoensis and Sorb us amurensis, Taxus cuspidata, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Kalopanax pictus; Betula costata and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Corn us controversa; Abies koreana and Pinus koraiensis; Stephanandra incisa and Betula ermani, Acer tegmentosum, Prunus sargentii; Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Betula ermani; Fraxinus mandshurica and Deutzia prunifolia, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes; Sorbus amurensis and Kalopanax pictus; Betula platyphylla var.japonica and Cornus controversa; Lindera erythrocarpa and Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Styrax obassia; Lindera obtusi/oba and Abies holophylla; Carpinus laxiflora and Lespedeza maximowiczii; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata; Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Taxus cuspidata; Quercus mongolia and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Quercus serrata and Styrax obassia, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Abies koreana and Deutzia prunifolia; Lindera obtusi/oba and Pinus koraiensis. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups was ranged $2.7478{\sim}2.9573$.