• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.275-294
• /
• 2001

This article aims to define the nature of proverbs from a polyphonic point of view and examine different readings of the complement involved in the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion. An utterer of a proverb is not himself the author of the proverb. He may well be a 'speaker' of a proverb, but from a polyphonic view point he is not an 'enunciator' of the principle that underlies it. When we say that a speaker of a proverb is not its enunciator, we do not simply mean that he is not the author of the 'content' of the proverb he speaks: we mean that he is not the author of its 'form' either. The fact that a proverb loses its proverbial character when one paraphrases it proves that its form is not at the speaker's disposal. But a single factor cannot be held responsible for what a proverb is. As an indicator of the 'wisdom of the nation,' or vox populi, a proverb is the achievement of the 'collective enunciator.' The polyphony inherent in the proverb pits a particular speaker against a collective enunciator. This collective character of the proverb as a vox populi comes from its character as a phrasal denomination. Given that a proverb reflects a collective judgment and not a personal opinion, how do we interpret the combination of a proverb with a verb of personal opinion such as I think that ...\ulcorner Such a combination gives rise to readings at distinct levels: two types of metalinguistic reading and a reading based on the content of the proverb. The first level of reading, being applicative in nature, can be local or general, depending on the speaker's opinion as to the applicability of the proverb to a situation, particular or general. These applicative readings always involve polyphonic dissociation between the speaker and the enunciator. The second level of reading, which depends on the content of the proverb, is the result of the operation of deproverbialization, which makes the proverb lose its denominative status to preserve only its status as a generic phrase. The proverb, thus deproverbialized, looks like the series 'NP + VP.' For this reading, the speaker of the proverb takes into consideration the possibility of attributing a predicate to a nominal syntagm. Here occurs an identity between the speaker and the enunciator. It is not the case, however, that one can deproverbialize just any proverbs. In approaching to a locally typifying generic phrase, a proverb admits of being deproverbialized by an opinion verb only when its form does not render it difficult, either syntactically or metaphorically, to incorporate that proverb into the relevant combination, and when the proverb intrinsically possesses the traits that meet the conditions for the use of the opinion verb at hand. One can also maintain, based on the notion of deproverbialization, that a proverb expresses a collective judgment, a deproverbialized individual judgment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.19-36
• /
• 2007

This study explored proverb comprehension and use in elementary school children by familarity and concreteness of proverbs and children's age, sex, experience of living with grandparents. The 529 fourth and sixth grade participants completed a questionnaire probing knowledge of 16 proverbs; 4 each in four categories(familiar-concrete, familiar-abstract, unfamiliar-concrete, and unfamiliar-abstract). Results showed highest comprehension scores for familiar-concrete proverbs. Sixth graders obtained higher comprehension score than fourth graders in all four proverb categories. There was no difference between grades in frequency of proverb usage. An interaction effect between grade and sex showed that female sixth graders had the highest comprehension score. These results suggest a possibility of relationship between figurative language and cognitive development related to abstract thinking in late school-age children.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2008

This study was intended to analyze how well people with right hemisphere damage can understand Korean proverbs. This study used a between-subject design and within-subjects design where all subjects participate in the three experiments for 10 hospitalized patients of whose average age is 66.1 years old and 10 normal adults in the same age range. Experiment 1 was to make up Korean proverb related stories and suggest it in written, Experiment II was to suggest a picture presenting a Korean proverb and the proverb itself directly, and Experiment III was to make up a story related to a Korean proverb and tell it auditory. Five Korea proverbs were used for each experiment; 15 in total. The results were as follows: First, there was a significant difference in understanding of Korean proverbs between normal adults and people with right hemisphere damage. Second, there was no significant difference of understanding between them by stimulating methods to suggest Korean proverbs. Third, people with right hemisphere damage had a tendency to interpret Korean proverbs literally as a total wrong reaction was composed of 55.36%. Considering the above the results, it can be said that people with right hemisphere damage have less understanding of Korean proverbs than normal adults, which is not affected by a way of or a condition of suggesting Korean proverbs in people with RHD, and they are inclined to make literal interpretation of Korean proverbs as they are.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to find a phase of clothing in Korean proverb. The results of the analysis of this research was as follows： In the case of headgear, was expose that symbolize handsomeness, conduct of life, personality that display charm and position which is not usage as only head protection. Upper wear was expressing aspect and person's similarity, and was symbolizing conduct of life by meaning of dress and its ornaments according to a person that dress displays that change. Trousers(bottom wear) was expose that it means aspect or conduct of life(a 4 case, 40％) through site. Overcoat showed that overcoat that is clothes that is symbolizing wearer's situation, aspect and wear most on face because is involved with behavior that is not right in clothes usage is used by standard that foretell personality. Underwear can know that expressed being involved with right behavior, nature by the basic clothes. I was able to know that I express an attitude of a life or a form through shoe, and the accessories won an minor order but that I have a large influence on a character or the appearance of a person. Silk fabrics expresses Position, and hemp cloth expressed by symbol that display ability. Also, silk fabrics had meaning that hint person's background. Dress and its ornaments that is used in proverb by these result can know that have function as symbolic symbol that display Person's nature or situation, aspect that is wearing clothes that is not function as only simple clothes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
• /
• v.32B no.12
• /
• pp.1663-1669
• /
• 1995

This paper is a study on the recognition of Korean proverb using neural network and Markov model. The neural network uses, at the stage of training neurons, features such as the rate of zero crossing, short-term energy and PLP-Cepstrum, covering a time of 300ms long. Markov models were generated by the recognized phoneme strings. The recognition of words and proverbs using Markov models have been carried out. Experimental results show that phoneme and word recognition rates are 81. 2%, 94.0% respectively for Korean proverb recognition experiments.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.283-314
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the diversity of French learning materials and suggest a learning method to increase the efficiency of learning. In the first part, we explore the linguistic characteristics of the proverb. In the second part, we present the examples that can be utilized in actual learning. In terms of teaching methods, sharing a common cultural consciousness is important for language and communication between interlocutors. In view of this point, the proverb has an extremely important value in the linguistic dimension. It means that the proverb can serve as a very useful material for the comparison of the morphology and phonetics of French. The efficiency of learning can be increased if we can apply an adequate learning plan using proverbs in accordance to the learner's level and the learning contents.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.93-107
• /
• 1995

This study is concerned with the personal appearance of the Korean people implied in the Korean proverb. The results of this research was as follows: It appeared that the Korean people preferred the balanced features to the unusual ones in terms of personal appearance. It also revealed that cleanliness and neatness in clothing and in personal appearance were valued by the Korean people. Proper posture was emphasized by the Koreans. Generally, fair skin and small hands were favored by both sexes. Also the Korean people favored handsome, gentle, and decent features as well as dignified and noble character.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.5982-5988
• /
• 2015

This study is about what effect the proverb of the stock has on the investment behavior by the stock investors. It confirmed if the investors knew the stock proverb that had been used in the stock market for a long time, examined the stock investors applied this content to the real investment process, analyzed if the application influenced the investment result. For this, this study selected total 29 stock proverbs about the investment principle, diversified investment, item selection, time of buying and selling, and value tendency which were being used in the stock market and frequently quoted in the stock-related literature to conduct a questionnaire targeting 191 stock investors and analyze the result. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed the investors of 14% applied the stock proverb to invest and created the profit through it. It is expected the stock investors and the stock market used the analyzed stock proverb statistics through these helpful study and results to apply to the stock investment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to explore the number and type of proverbs known by elementary school children and explain what variables might influence the proverbs' perception. From Seoul and Chonbuk areas, 632 forth, fifth, and sixth graders at elementary school participated. They completed an open-ended questionnaire asking them to list as many proverbs as they know and probing their experience in the use of proverbs with grandparents, parents, and peers. The results showed that the participants listed a total of 185 proverbs, at an average of six proverbs each, and that 63% were a concrete proverb consisting of only concrete and visible nouns. Children reported relatively different ratios of concrete/abstract/complex proverbs according to their grade. Sixth graders perceived more proverbs which included nouns than other graders. Multiple regression analysis revealed that children's grade and using proverbs with peers influenced their proverb perception. These results may suggest a possibility of relationship between figurative language and cognitive development related to thinking of late school-age children.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to establish an analytic methodology that can objectively evaluate the proverb comprehension levels that vary based on the aging process. Method : This study recruited 70 normal elderly aged ≥ 65 years and performed proverb comprehension tasks using an explanation method. A scoring estimation method was designed on 3 and 5-point scales. The difficulty and discrimination levels were calculated based on the two scales, thereby selecting the final questions and evaluation scale. Results : First, the item discrimination index on the 5-point scale was relatively higher than that on the 3-point scale, and 10 items were finally selected. Second, in terms of proverb comprehension ability, the elderly group aged 70 ~ 84 years showed significantly lower performance than those aged 65 ~ 69 years. Additionally, subjects with ≥ 10 years of education showed significantly higher performance than those with 9 ≤ years of education. Third, the performance of the proverbs comprehension task negatively correlated with the reaction time of the executive function task. Conclusion : Proverb comprehension is a task that can distinctively show a deterioration of brain functions in line with the aging process even among the normal elderly group and therefore, can estimate the difference more effectively with an increase in the score of the evaluation scale.