• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2009

The growth performance of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was studied with six provenances originated from U.S. in a Hwasong plantation. Height and diameter growth were significantly different among provenances. In general, the growth of southern provenances were larger than that of northern provenances. Georgia and North Carolina provenances proved to be appropriate ones in our plantation, while Minnesota was worst in growth. Annual height growth was still increased at age 27, whereas annual diameter growth was highest at age 11, after that growth rate was gradually decreased. Pearson's correlation among ages was highly positively correlated. The rank of growth has not almost been changed from juvenile stages to at age 27.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2021

Seed morphology, physiology and environmental conditions have influence on germination of any tropical seeds and their appropriate handling, processing and handling enhances seeds emergent. This study therefore investigated effects of storage durations under different temperatures on germination of Bombax costatum seeds from different provenances. Fresh 25 seeds of B. costatum in four replicates were collected from four different provenances (Aponmu, Oluwa, Ibadan and Oyo). They were surface sterilized, thoroughly washed in distilled water and stored at four different temperature regimes: 28℃, 21℃, 5℃ and -17℃. Samples were taken every 2 months for germination test for 18 months. Germination assessment was carried out daily and recorded. The experimental design was 4×4×10 factorial in 4 replicates. Data were subjected to percentages and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that there were significant differences among storage temperatures, storage durations and provenances on germination percentage. Freshly collected seeds from Aponmu and Oyo had the highest mean germination of 100% followed by seeds from Ibadan (89.3%). Seeds from Oyo provenance stored 5℃ had germination of 94.0%, 88.70% and 78.7% at 2nd, 4th and 6th month respectively. Seeds from Ibadan and Oyo stored at 28℃, 21℃ recorded 0.0% starting from 8 months of storage. Germination of B. costatum seeds from the four provenances decreased with increase in storage duration at different temperatures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

This study was conducted to elucidate the mid-growth of Norway spruce at the age of 27 and select the superior provenances in Korea. Growth performance of twenty-four provenances from Germany and Rumania were investigated in four plantations. Significant differences were found in growth (height, DBH, volume) with plantations. Maximum growth were detected on plantation Chuncheon which located in most northern area, and minimum growth were detected on plantation Wanju located in most southern area. The rank of height in provenances has fluctuated, but superior/inferior groups have been almost fixed. 840-23, 840-10, 840-19 in Germany, G1-64-57, G1-64-54 in Rumania proved excellent provenances. Height in early stage positively correlated with that in late stage. The growth was positively correlated with latitude and altitude of plantations, but negatively correlated with temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 1995

Alley cropping field experiment has been carried out for 24 months in lime-stone based dryland farming area of southern Bali to study the chemical composition and nutritive value of 16 provenances of Gliricidia sepium The design was a completely randomized block: arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (G. sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), Panama (P), Costa Rica (R) and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment, the gliricidia were lopped at 150 cm height regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season. The highest ash, mineral, total soluble phenol, prussic acid and digestibility were in V1; the highest crude fiber component was in M39; the highest gross energy was in P13, while the highest organic matter was in M35. Based on the highest nutritive constituents, V1, C24 and G14 were ranked first, second and third respectively, while based on the lowest non-nutritive constituents C24, V1 and N14 were ranked first, second and third, respectively. The importance of such provenances as source of nutrients for the ruminant during the dry season were discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 1995

The design of this field experiment was a completely randomized block arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (Gliricidia sepium provenances) and 6 blocks as replications with 12 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), and one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), panama (P), Costa Rica (R), and Venezuela (V). After 12 months establishment the gliricidia were lopped regularly 4 times a year, twice during the 4 months wet season and twice during the 8 months dry season at 150 cm height. There was variation (p < 0.05) in stem elongation from 22 to 80 cm, leaf retained from 118 to 209%, branch number from 13 to 24, fodder yield from 1,015 to 1,671 g DW/plant and wood yield from 792 to 1,662 g DW/plant among the provenances; and such variations were affected by the seasons. Belen (N14), Retalhuleu (G14) and Bukit Bali (I) provenances were ranked first, second and third, respectively, measured in terms of leaf retention, stem elongation, fodder and wood yields during the wet and dry seasons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2006

Pinus densiflora is a dominant conifer species in Korea and also distributed in regions of Japan and eastern China. Success in the establishment and productivity of forest tree plantation is largely determined by selection of species and seed source. The provenance tests of Pinus densiflora in Korea are underway. However, the information of the growth performance of Japanese and Chinese provenances are insufficient. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Pinus densiflora Japanese provenances. Data were collected from a provenance trial including established by Korea Forest Research Institude at Chungju in 1970. Six Japanese provenances ($31^{\circ}90^{\prime}{\sim}40^{\circ} 27^{\prime}$ in latitude and $128^{\circ}47^{\prime}{\sim}141^{\circ}80^{\prime}$ in longitude) were included in this trial. Pyeongchang provenance at Kangwon province in Korea was used for reference provenance. At nursery stage, the height and diameter at root collar of six Japanese provenances were smaller than those of Pyeongchang provenance. Among Japanese provenances, Kasahara provenance showed higher growth performance than those of others. The provenance rankings of growth performance were fluctuated until age 11. However, the growth performance of Japanese provenances showed higher than those of reference provenance after age 17. Kirishima-yama provenance showed best growth performance. Simple correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the geographic factors affecting growth performance. The height growth showed negative corelation with latitude of seed origin. Generally, Japanese provenences of Pinus densiflora were well adapted and grown in Chungju. However, it was suggested that further studies on other sites need to generalize the results of this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.891-894
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• 1999

A field experiment was conducted with Calliandra calothyrsus of fifteen provenances to evaluate the variation in the condensed tannin content of fresh leaves. Plants were raised in a nursery for three months and planted in the field. Experimental design was line planting of double hedgerows (3 m long plot, 1/2 meter interval, 45 plants in each plot) with 5 replicates. Plants were lopped every 5 months and samples (10 different plants within a plot; 4 newly flushed leaves, 4 partially expanded leaves and 4 mature full expanded leaves from each of 10 trees in a plot) were collected and were put on ice before transfer to the laboratory. Proanthocyanidine was extracted in aqueous acetone, and total extractable proanthcyanidine (TEPA) and total proanthocyanidine (TOPA) were measured. In addition, proximate analyses were made of different provenances. Crude protein contents varied from 19.74% to 16.45%; in vitro organic matter digestibility ranged from 36.09% to 23.32%. TEPA content ranged from 11.22 to 16.01 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) and TOPA from 24.57 to 31.72 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) TEPA and TOPA had a positive correlation, whereas crude protein content of Calliandra was negatively correlated with TEPA and TOPA. Provenances, such as Georgesville (Belize), local, Coban (Guatemala), Patulul (Guatemala), Bombana (Mexico) can be selected on the basis of nutritive value of fodder.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.686-692
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• 2010

This study described the general pattern of genetic variation among ten teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) provenances in Myanmar and determined the most suitable seed sources for the plantation program in Bago Yoma region. Seeds of ten provenances were collected to cover the whole teak natural distribution in Myanmar and planted at four trial sites in Bago Yoma region in 1998. Seven years after planting, variation was assessed for growth, morphological characteristics and their correlation with geoclimatic factors. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences in most of the traits measured among provenances, trial sites and provenance ${\times}$ site interaction at five percent level. A positive significant correlation (p<0.01) was found among most of the traits. The regression analyses between all traits and geoclimatic factors indicated the existence of ecoclinal variation in teak. Most of the traits were negatively correlated with the latitude while a positive significant correlation was found between longitude and C/B ratio, crown-diameter, average branch angle and leaf-remain. There was no significant correlation between the mean temperature and any other traits in this study. Furthermore, growth traits and crown diameter were positively correlated with the mean annual rainfall while negative correlation was found between the geographical distance and growth traits. Results indicate that the latitudinal pattern of teak genetic variations in growth performance was attributed to the limit of mean annual rainfall. Comparative assessment showed that local provenances were generally the best and could be use as suitable seed sources for the plantation program in the Bago Yoma region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.2 s.159
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• pp.73-81
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the geographic variation among provenances of Pinus densiflora in survival rate and height growth at four test plantations (Jungsun, Chungju, Naju, and Jeju). The plantations were parts of the eleven provenance trials of Pinus densiflora established by Korea Forest Research Institute in 1996. The survival rate and height growth were significantly different among test plantations at $p{\leq}0.01$. Latitude and longitude of test plantation were negatively correlated with survival rate and height growth. On the other hand, annual mean temperature, mean temperature (Nov.~Feb.), extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.), and annual mean growing days of test plantation were positively correlated with these two. The relationships between growth variables and geographic variables were analysed with canonical correlation analysis. A considerable amount of variation in survival rate and height growth was explained by latitude, annual mean growing days, extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.) and extremely high temperature (Nov.~Feb.) of provenances. It is estimated that up to 47.1% and 67.4% of the genetic variability in survival rate and height growth was attributable to the environmental variability of the provenances, respectively. The response surface curve of survival rate and height growth was plotted against latitude and longitude to examine growth performance of provenances for each test site. Generally, the local provenances showed better survival rate and height growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 1995

The field experiment was carried out to study the growth and fodder yield of the Gliricidia sepium provenances in fence system in dryland farming area in Bali, Indonesia for 24 months. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized block arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (Gliricidia sepium provenances) and 12 blocks with 10 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), and one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragna (N), Panama (P), Costa Rica (R) and Venezuela (V). After 40 weeks establishment the gliricidia were lopped regularly 4 times a year, twice during the four month wet season and twice during the eight month dry season at 150 cm height. There were variations (p < 0.05) in stem elongation from 10 to 121 cm, leaf retained from 48 to 105%, leaf shedding from 53 to 86%, branch number from 4 to 7, fodder yield from 281 to 648 g DW/plant, and wood yield from 53 to 179 g DW/plant; and such variations were affected by the seasons. Retalhuleu provenance of Guatemala (G14), Belen provenance of Nicaragua (N14) and Bukit Bali provenance of Indonesia (I) were ranked first, second and third, respectively, measured in terms of stem elongation, leaf retention, fodder and wood yields during the wet and dry seasons.