• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

Numerous novel ingredients have been introduced for the hight functionality of whitening cosmetics. Tough the preliminary research, we have found water extracts Bombyx mori have high whitening efficacy. The results of the research for the whitening effect of Bombyx Mori L. are as follow 1. Bombyx Mori L. inhibited concentration dependently the generation of melanin increased by the stimulation of $\alpha$-MSH and protoporphyrin IX, and $IC_{50}$ value was 8.3, 9.2 ${\mu}M$ respectively. 2. Melanin increased by the stimulation of $\alpha$-MSH and protoporphyrin IX was five to seven times superior in the inhibiting effect, compared with kojic acid used as positive control group. 3. Bombyx Mori L. did not have a decolorizing effect on melanin already generated. 3. Bombyx Mori L. was observed to have toxicity of over 100 ${\mu}M$ for the mouse melanoma B16 cells. Therefore, These results suggest that water extracts of Bombyx mori have inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells in vitro.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.880-886
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• 2015

Bacterial heme was produced from a genetic-engineered Escherichia coli via the porphyrin pathway and it was useful as an iron resource for animal feed. The amount of the E. coli-synthesized heme, however, was only few milligrams in a culture broth and it was not enough for industrial applications. To analyze heme biosynthetic pathways, an engineered E. coli artificially overexpressing ALA synthase (hemA from Rhodobacter sphaeroides) and pantothenate kinase (coaA gene from self geneome) was constructed as a bacterial heme-producing strain, and both the transcription levels of pathway genes and the intermediates concentrations were determined from batch and continuous cultures. Transcription levels of the pathway genes were not significantly changed among the tested conditions. Intracellular intermediate concentrations indicated that aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coenzyme A (CoA) were enhanced by the hemA-coaA co-expression. Intracellular coproporphyrinogen I and protoporphyrin IX accumulation suggested that the bottleneck steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway could be the spontaneous conversion of HMB to coproporphyrinogen I and the limited conversion of protoporphyrin IX to heme, respectively. A strategy to increase the conversion of ALA to heme is discussed based on the results.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2004

Background: Crohn's disease is characterized by a chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel. Gliotoxin has been known to play strong immunosuppressive properties, while mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory actions are not completely understood. Here, we investigated the effects of gliotoxin in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced mouse colitis, an animal model of Crohn's disease. Results: Gliotoxin dramatically improved clinical and histopathological symptoms in accompanied with reduced expression of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, and ICAM-1 protein levels in TNBS induced colitis. Interestingly Gliotoxin induced Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPPIX) completely mimicked the protective effects of gliotoxin in TNBS induced colitis mice. In contrast, the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) could reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of gliotoxin and CoPPIX. Conclusions: Gliotoxin is a potential therapeutic agent targeting for the treatment of Crohn's disease by inducing HO-1.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.512-514
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• 2002

S-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a new kind drug used in photodynamic therapy. ALA-PDT have successfully used in superficial malignancies and some skin diseases. Here the effects of ALA-PDT were studied on leukemia cells and hepatoma cells to explore the application on different kind cancers. It was found from the fluorescence emission spectra, that after ALA incubation the sensitizer - protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was endogenously produced in both leukemia and hepatoma cells. The fluorescence images showed that the PpIX distribute in cytoplasm. However the efficiency of ALA photodynamic inactivation to two cell lines was different. The leukemia cells were more sensitive for ALA-PDT than hepatoma cells, revealing that the ALA-PDT effect is cell line dependent. However by using ALA-Hexyl ester (He-ALA) instead of ALA, the cell photo-inactivation was improved. The PDT efficiency of He-ALA was 10 times high than that of ALA, showing He-ALA is a very promising drug in ALA-PDT.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 1989

PIeurotus ostrealus의 배양액에서 syringic acid에 의해 유도되는 peroxidase의 활성이 추정되었다. 본 효소는 DEAE Sephadex A-50 이온교환크로마토그래피와 Sephadex G-150 첼 여과크로마토 그래피를 통하여 순수분리 되었다. 순수분리된 효소는 당함량이 35.7%인 당단백젤이었으며. SDS-linear polyacrylamide gradient gel 전기영동과 젤여과크로마토그래피에 의해 분자량(Mr) 72.400인 2개의 동일한 소단위체로 이루어진 이합체로 판명되었다. 본 효소는 흡광 스펙프럼의 분석결과, iron protoporphyrin IX의 구조를 갖는 2개의 heme을 조효소로 가지고 였는 것으로 추정되였다. 본 효소의 등전점은 4.26 이었고 $H_2O_2$에 대한 $K_m$값은 $7.2{\mu}M$이었다. 본 효소의 반응 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$, 최적 pH는 3.5에서 4.0 사이였다. Ferulic acid와 sinapic acid에 대한 본 효소의 친화도(Km)는 horseradish peroxidase에 비해 각각 2.4. 12.3배 더 높은 것으호 계산되었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.36-38
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• 2005

Photodynamic diagnosis is a modern method for the fluorescence imaging of cancer. 5-ALA induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence benefits the tumour selective accumulation of protoporphyrin ; therefore, tumours can be differentiated from healthy tissue. This paper develops Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) system about ALA that apply tissue absorption coefficient. About other photosensitizer, application capacitate. In this paper, we will expect effective result by working PDD with PDT (photodynamic therapy) system that is a therapy device of cancer.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.871-877
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• 2008

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible heme-degrading enzyme, is expressed by macrophages and endothelial cells in response to various stresses and mediators of inflammation. HO-1 has been recently implicated in regulation of angiogenesis via expression of VEGF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of HO-1 modulation on the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and on angiogenesis via up- regulation of VEGF expression in human synovial fibroblast. DBA/1J mice were treated with an inhibitor of HO-1, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), or with an inducer of HO-1, cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP), from day 1 to day 35 after CIA induction. The clinical evolution of disease was monitored visually. At the end of the experiment, histopathologic changes were examined on the joints. VEGF expression in paws were measured by immunohistochemical stain. mRNA expression of HO-1 and VEGF stimulated with various concentration of $TNF-{\alpha}$, CoPP accessed on human synovial fibroblast by RT-PCR. Effects of pretreatment with SnPP on mRNA expression of HO-1 and VEGF in the presence of CoPP and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in synovial fibroblast was accessed by Real-time RT-PCR. Administration of cobalt protoporphyrin IX significantly induced the inflammatory response, with increased arthritis index and expression of VEGF in the paws of the arthritis models. Treatment with SnPP significantly reduced the severity of CIA through inhibition of joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. The expression of VEGF were also significantly reduced by SnPP treatment in the paw. CoPPIX as inducer of HO-1, increased HO-1 and VEGF expression dose dependently in synovial fibroblast. In contrast, inhibition of HO-1 activity by SnPPIX abrogated CoPPIX-induced HO-1 and VEGF production in synovial fibroblast. Stimulation with $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased HO-1 and VEGF expression itself and showed additive effect on HO-1 and VEGF expression when it treated with CoPP. When SnPP was treated with CoPP and $TNF-{\alpha}$, it abrogated the CoPP induced HO-1 and VEGF expression and also abrogated $TNF-{\alpha}$ induced HO-1 and VEGF expression in synovial fibroblast. The effects of HO-1 induction in rheumatoid arthritis results in aggravation of arthritis via up-regulation of VEGF. I concluded that inhibition of the expression or activity of HO-1 could be a therapeutic target of rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2006년도 제47회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.115.1-115.1
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• 2006

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1999년도 학술발표회 진행표 및 논문초록
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• pp.44-44
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• 1999

Yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli, and purified by a Ni$^{2＋}$-affinity column. HoloCcP was obtained by reconstituting apoCcP with Mn$^{3+}$-protoporphyrin IX (MnPP). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of spin-labeled holoCcP showed a slightly more immobilized signal than spin-labeled apoCcP.(omitted)

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.521-523
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• 2002

5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been used to stimulate endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor and then initiate PDT. Recently, ALA-Hexyl ester (He-ALA) was found much effective than ALA on producing PpIX in cancer cells. To clarify the transportation mechanism of ALA and He-ALA, the detection of them is the important step. ALA and its derivatives all don't emit fluorescence, so the Raman spectroscopy was used here for the direct detection of ALA and He-ALA. The results showed that ALA and He-ALA have the common strong Raman peaks at 2930, 2950 CM$\^$-1/, due to the CH$_2$ vibration. The peak 3050 CM$\^$-1/ appeared in ALA spectrum can be attributed to OH vibration, while the peaks of 2860, 2900 CM$\^$-1/ in He-ALA spectrum were assigned as the modes of CH$_3$. This Raman spectral characteristic is consistence with the structure difference of He-ALA and ALA. Thus, Raman spectroscopy provides a new way to detect and distinguish ALA and He-ALA, and could be explored further in biology system.