• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the emergency medical protocols and assessments through the case reports. Method : We studied retrospectively investigates the emergency calls through the 1339 emergency patients information center in 1997. Results : The emergency calls show an order : abdominal pain(13.5%), unconsciousness(12.0%), traffic accidents(7.4%), bleeding(6.6%), respiration difficulty(5.9%) by emergency medical protocols, and injury and poisoning(22.3%), symptom (51.6%), others (26.1%). Conclusion : The results suggest that a specific training program for emergency medical dispatchers should be established, and emergency medical dispatcher managers must review emergency medical dispatching cases on the basis of emergency medical protocols every year. Emergency medical services, furthermore, will continue to raise the standard for emergency medical dispatching.

• 전자공학회논문지A
• /
• 제32A권9호
• /
• pp.1184-1201
• /
• 1995

Two multiple access protocols are proposed for a multichannel WDM optical fibre local area network or metropolitan area network in which users are interconnected using a passive star topology. Each user has a single tunable transmitter and a single tunable receiver. A transmitter sends a control packet before its data packet transmission so that its intended receivers can tune to the proper data channel wavelength. The maximum throughput of the proposed protocols are independent of the effective normalized propagation delay which may include the transmitter and receiver tuning times and the processing delays. The maximum throughputs of the protocols are analyzed and compared with those of the existing ones by numerical examples. The message delay of the R- Aloha/synchronous N-server switch protocol which is suitable for the queued users is also analyzed.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 1988

Several ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) protocols have implemented at ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) in an experimental network so that functional characteristics of the protocols under test could be certified against their protocol specifications with the help of the ETRI protocol test facilities. This paper describes ETRI protocol test architecture and its application to testing the NSP (Network Service Part) protocols : MTP (Message Transfer Part) level 3 and SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part) of the CCITT CCS (Common Channel Signalling ) system No. 7 The test architecture presented here allows tests for two different protocol classes : peer-to-peer and multipeer protocolos. Some extensions are made to the conventional test architectures, namely the test coordination, test result transfer and network state observation method.

• 전자공학회논문지A
• /
• 제32A권5호
• /
• pp.42-53
• /
• 1995

Token bus protocols have been sidely accepted for Medium Access Control (MAC) in real-time networks such as those used in factory automation, distributed process control, nuclear power plant, aircraft and spacecraft. Token bus protocols provide timer-controlled priority mechanism, which offers multiple level of privilege of medium access to different type of traffic. This paper presents and approximate analytical model for the evaluation of variance of waiting time in the time-controlled proiority scheme of token bus protocols. Token bus system is assumed to be operated with singe-service discipline which is the practical case of real-time networks such as those used in distributed process control and factory automations. The approximate analytical model is validated by comparison with the simulation resuls.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.82-86
• /
• 2005

In myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, the results of this evalution now confront the practitioner of nuclear medicing with methodologic options. Most nuclear cardiologic studies are performed using thallium-201, Tc-99m sestamibi and Tc-99m tetrofosmin. Some part of these studies use some form of pharmacologic stress test. While tailoring each test to the individual is ideal, this may be impractical for a busy department. Accordingly, established protocols to be used for patients with similar clinical presentations will be helpful. The following review presents methodology of various imaging protocols mainly according to the guidelines of nuclear cardiology procedures in American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제35권1B호
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2010

사물통신은 다양한 네트워크와 기기가 결합하여 복합적인 서비스를 제공하는 미래의 통신망 기술로 복합적인 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 센서 시스템들 사이에 표준화된 정보 교환 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 센서 시스템이 가지는 특징을 반영하여 응용 시스템 사이에 데이터 추상화와 상호운용성을 지원하는 메시지 프로토콜을 개발하였으며, 이는 데이터 표현 형식과 데이터 교환 함수로 구성된다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.804-812
• /
• 2015

Energy harvesting (EH) technology in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is gaining increasing popularity through removing the burden of having to replace/recharge depleted energy sources by energy harvester devices. EH provides an alternative source of energy from the surrounding environment; therefore, by exploiting the EH process, WSNs can achieve a perpetual lifetime. In view of this, emphasis is being placed on the design of new medium access control (MAC) protocols that aim to maximize the lifetime of WSNs by using the maximum possible amount of harvested energy instead of saving any residual energy, given that the rate of energy harvested is greater than that which is consumed. Various MAC protocols with the objective of exploiting ambient energy have been proposed for energy-harvesting WSNs (EH-WSNs). In this paper, first, the fundamental properties of EH-WSN architecture are outlined. Then, several MAC protocols proposed for EH-WSNs are presented, describing their operating principles and underlying features. To give an insight into future research directions, open research issues (key ideas) with respect to design trade-offs are discussed at the end of this paper.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제25권3B호
• /
• pp.456-463
• /
• 2000

Bidirectional cable TV networks using HFC(Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) networks need MAC (Medium access control) protocols to have efficient access in upstream channels. In this paper, we have studied and evaluated several contention resolution algorithms and mapping of higher layer traffic described in IEEE 802.14 and MCNS (Multimedial Cable Network System) MAC protocols with respect to IP, ABR and CBR traffic types. IEEE 802.14 MAC protocol demonstrates better performance for transmitting ATM cells while the MCNS MAC protocols for the IP traffic.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.589-602
• /
• 2012

With the increasing demand for real time applications in the Wireless Senor Network (WSN), real time critical events anticipate an efficient quality-of-service (QoS) based routing for data delivery from the network infrastructure. Designing such QoS based routing protocol to meet the reliability and delay guarantee of critical events while preserving the energy efficiency is a challenging task. Considerable research has been focused on developing robust energy efficient QoS based routing protocols. In this paper, we present the state of the research by summarizing the work on QoS based routing protocols that has already been published and by highlighting the QoS issues that are being addressed. The performance comparison of QoS based routing protocols such as SAR, MMSPEED, MCMP, MCBR, and EQSR has also been analyzed using ns-2 for various parameters.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2006

지금까지의 많은 모바일 전자상거래 프로토콜들은 비정형화된 설계 및 검증 방법을 통해 개발되었다. 그 결과 유.무선 네트워크 분야에서 보안상 안전하다고 여겨왔던 많은 프로토콜들의 보안 취약점들이 하나둘씩 발견되어오고 있다. 현재, 스마트 카드의 확산과 더불어 CEPS 전자상거래 표준을 이용한 모바일 전자상거래 영역이 큰 각광을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 정형적 검증 방법을 이용한 전자상거래 프로토콜의 보안성 분석을 위한 방법에 대해 기술하고, CEPS에서 정의한 구매 프로토콜의 보안 취약점을 분석한다. 마지막으로 구매 프로토콜의 보안 취약점을 해결하기 위한 방안에 대해 언급한다.