• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2015

Antimicrobial agents or additives have commonly been used in domestic animals for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases. Unfortunately, this has resulted in the overgrowth of bacteria that is resistant to antimicrobial agents used by humans, and these might get disseminated to humans via the food. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of integrons, and characterized gene cassette arrays in Proteus mirabilis isolates obtained from chickens in Chungcheong province of Korea. Additionally, the correlation between gene cassette arrays and antimicrobial resistance rate was studied. A total of 26 Proteus mirabilis isolates were recovered from chickens in Chungcheong province in Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to characterize the gene cassette arrays. In addition, we employed repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) method for clonality analysis of P. mirabilis strains. Of the 26 P. mirabilis isolates tested, 14 (53.8%) isolates carried class 1 integrons, while class 2 and class 3 integrons were not detected in our study. The class 1 integrons harbored genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aacCA5, aadA2, aadA5 and aadA7), trimethoprim (dfrA17, and dfrA32), lincosamides (linF) and erythromycin (ereA). In particular, the presence of class 1 integron had a significant correlatation to a high resistance rate of aminoglycoside and trimethoprim. We confirmed that class 1 integrons are widely disseminated in P. mirabilis isolates from chickens, contributing to the resistance to diverse antimicrobial agents in Korea. To prevent further spreading of antimicrobial resistant genes among P. mirabilis isolates, constant monitoring and clinical policing will become necessary.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2003

Isolates of 70 Proteus mirabilis were tested against 10 different antibiotics by a disc diffusion method as recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The isolates were resistant in order of tetracycline(100.0%), enrofloxacin(95.7%), ampicillin(74.3%), choramphenicol(62.9%), cephalothin(58.6%), streptomycin(50%), kanamycin(47.2%), neomycin(35.8%), gentamicin(15.7%), and amikacin(2.9%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 37 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of P mirabilis isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-cephalothin-chloramphenicol-enrofloxacin-tetracycline(11.6%).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 1988

The bio-electrode for cytosine has been constructed by immobilizing Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter freundii on an ammonia gas-sensor. Bacteria containing cytosine deaminase convert one molecule of cytosine into one molecule of ammonia. The Proteus mirabilis bacterial electrode showed linear response to cytosine concentration in the $1.0{\times}10^{-3}\;-\;5.0{\times}10^{-2}$M with a slope of 45-48 mV/decade in 0.2 M phospbate buffer solution at pH 8.4. The Citrobacter freundii bacterial electrode showed linear response to cytosine concentration in the $7.0{\times}10^{-5}\;-\;7.0{\times}10^{-3}$M with a slope of 48 mV/decade in 0.05M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.6. These electrode were investigated for the effects of pH, temperature, buffer solutions, amounts of bacteria, interferences, inorganic salts and lifetime.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2011

Amino acid sequence alignment shows that $\underline{P}$roteus $\underline{m}$irabilis $\underline{t}$ranscription $\underline{r}$egulator (PMTR) has cystein sequence homology at metal binding domain to CueR (copper resistance) protein, which conserves two cysteins (Cys 112 and Cys 120 in PMTR). Gel shift assay revealed that PMTR protein bound to promoter region of Escherichia coli copA (copper-translocating P-type ATPase) and Proteus mirabilis atpase (putative copper-translocating P-type ATPase) genes except that of E. coli zntA (zinc-translocating P-type ATPase) gene. DNase I protection experiment indicated that PMTR protein protected the region over -35 box and close to -10 box. DNase I hypersensitive bases were shown at C and A bases of labeled template strand and at G and C bases of labeled non-template strand of DNA. These hypersensitive bases were appeared in other metalloregulatory proteins of MerR family, which suggests protein-induced DNA bending.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.417-424
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) which has various pathological mechanisms, recently, it is attracting attention to the mechanism via microbiome-gut-brain axis. 6-Shogaol, a representative compound of ginger, have been known for improving PD phenotypes by reducing neuroinflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol and ginger attenuate degeneration induced by Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) on the intestine and brain, simultaneously. C57BL/6J mice received P. mirabilis for 5 days. Ginger (300 mg/kg) and 6-shogaol (10 mg/kg) were treated by gavage feeding for 22 days including the period of P. mirabilis treatment. Results showed that 6-shogaol and ginger improved motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death induced by P. mirabilis treatment. In addition, they suppressed P. mirabilis-induced intestinal barrier disruption, pro-inflammatory signals such as toll-like receptor and TNF-α, and intestinal α-synuclein aggregation. Moreover, ginger and 6-shogaol significantly inhibited neuroinflammation and α-synuclein in the brain. Taken together, 6-shogaol and ginger have the potential to ameliorate PD-like motor behavior and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by P. mirabilis in mice. Here, these findings are meaningful in that they provide the first experimental evidence that 6-shogaol might attenuate PD via regulating gut-brain axis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.301-306
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• 2010

We identified microorganisms causing skin disease in slaughtered chickens. Ten microbial strains were isolated from skin wound regions on the back and legs of chickens. Fatty acid composition analysis of the cell membranes of isolated bacteria identified five isolates of Shigella sonnei, Proteus mirabilis (2), and Escherichia coli (2). In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that S. sonnei (99%), P. mirabilis (99%), and E. coli (99%) were the strains responsible for skin wounds in chickens. Therefore, these three species may be the major pathogenic bacteria causing skin wounds on the back and legs of chickens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2021

In this study, microbes were collected before and after disinfection using ANIOS(ANIOSURF Premium NPC) and compared the areas where the radiological technologist and the patient frequently contacted the chest X-ray. From September 1st to September 7th, 2020. in P Hospital in Deagu, 4 region were collected in a 10×10 size using a sterile cotton swab of the transport medium, and before and after disinfection results were obtained through the colorimetric method. As a result, n the X-ray tube handle Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus spp., Candida spp., and in the Chin region Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcu faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, NTM, and in the Chest region Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcu faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and in the Palm region NTM, Candida spp. were detected, and 103 CFU(Colony Forming Unit) or more were measured. After disinfection, only X-ray tube handle was detect Bacillus spp. and more than 102 CFU was measured. Microorganisms found prior to disinfection can cause opportunistic infections, Experimental results showed that Aniosulf(0.25%) is more economical and disinfectant than ethanol(70-90%) and isopropyl alcohol(70-90%). However, further research is needed on the detection of Bacillus spp. resultingly this research is useful basic data of infection control in Radiography room and prevention secondary infections.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 2009

The dog breeding kennel bacterial infection are very significant in perinatal mortality. In many case, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli were infected in intra-uterine or by the genital tract to the puppies, and they are cause of septicemic death of the puppies and clinical mastitis of bitch, leading to septicemic death of newborn puppies. Severe mastitis due to bacterial infection was diagnosed in a 2 year-old female Brittany Spaniel which loss 6 puppies with odor small rice sharp white diarrhea of nine puppies. Bright curd milk and intestinal sample were inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar and brain heart infusion agar, and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24-48 hrs. Gram negative colonies isolated from these sample which were characterized as Glu, Ure, $H_2S$, Orn, Cit, and Cl, and were identified by Microscan Walk-Aways Baxter, American Type Culture Collection, USA) as Proteus mirabils. The isolate was more sensitive to ampicillin, gentamicin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefazidime. In this results, we confirmed that cause bacteria of septicemic death in puppies was P. mirabilis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.2052-2059
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• 2017

The emergence and dissemination of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) are strongly associated with the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterobacteria in humans and animals. Diverse SGI1s have been reported among Salmonella enterica and Proteus mirabilis in several countries. We aimed to characterize SGI1 in P. mirabilis isolates from humans and chickens in Chungcheong Province, Korea. A total of 44 P. mirabilis isolates were recovered from humans (n = 20) and chickens (n = 24). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion assay. To detect and characterize SGI1s, PCR amplification and PCR mapping experiments were performed. Repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) was performed to assess the clonality of the isolates. The four P. mirabilis strains (16.7%) from chicken harbored a SGI1, whereas none of the isolates from clinical specimens contained SGI1. The SGI1s detected in our study were all confirmed as SGI1-PmABB harboring aminoglycoside-resistant genes (aacCA5 and aadA7). In P. mirabilis isolates, the presence of SGI1-PmABB was significantly correlated with high resistance rates of the isolates to antimicrobial agents, such as gentamicin, streptomycin, and spectinomycin. Moreover, the four SGI1-bearing isolates showed the same REP-PCR patterns and that suggested both horizontal and clonal spread of the isolates. This study is the first attempt to determine SGI1s in P. mirabilis isolates in Korea. We confirmed that P. mirabilis isolates carrying SGI1-PmABB were distributed at poultry farms in Korea. The present study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of SGI1s to prevent spreading of the MDR genomic islands among P. mirabilis isolates from humans and animals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.538-541
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• 2011

An 8-year-old spayed Yorkshire Terrier Dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Kyungpook National University because of the recurrent superficial pyoderma. At the presentation, pustules and papules were present throughout the body. Numerous rods with a few cocci were observed on impression smears and they were confirmed to be Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius consecutively. The patient was treated with systemic enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid based on the results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests with once a week basis 4% chlorhexidine shampoo. An excellent clinical response was achieved in 2 weeks of therapy and the lesions were fully resolved in 6 weeks. The possibility of P. mirabilis infection should not be overlooked by clinicians in dogs with recurrent superficial pyoderma although it's been considered to be rare.