• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-118
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• 1998

Whey is a natural product obtained during cheese production. With the advent of new technology, whey protein concentrates and whey fractions have become readily available and versatile food ingredients. Whey protein concentrates are highly functional ingredients that have gelling, emulsifying, whipping, water-binding and fat-replacement properties. New fractions derived from whey (such as alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and peptides) attract considerable interest worldwide because of their bioactive or health-enhancing properties. Some of these fractions also find new uses as natural antibiotic, natural preservative and immunity-enhancing agents. With the growth of the functional foods industry sector, an increasing number of manufacturers take advantage of whey's nutritional and functional benefits to develop successful new products. The United States is the world's largest single producer and exporter of whey products. In 1997, more than 1 million metric tons of whey products were manufacturers in the U.S.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.297-302
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• 2015

Calcium is one of the essential mineral for the humans due to its crucial physiological functions in the body. Calcium deficiency results in many diseases, such as osteoporosis. Therefore, calcium supplements are available as a functional food. However, most calcium supplements in the market have a limitation due to poor absorption and low bioavailability. Thus, calcium-chelated peptides for improving the absorption rate of calcium have been isolated from foods including porcine meat and bone meal (MBM), and mussel using the enzymatic hydrolysis of their protein. The hydrolysates of food were ultra-filtered in order to obtain small peptides less than 3 kDa and the Ca-binding peptides were isolated via the anion exchange chromatography. The binding activity and concentration of Ca-binding pepetides were determined. In particular, the MBM and mussel protein hydrolysates were fractionated by mono Q and Q-Sepharose, respectively. As a result, among the fractions, the fractions of MBM F2 and mussel F3 showed the highest Ca-binding activity. These results suggest that MBM and mussel protein hydrolysates can be used as calcium supplements.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1977

The multiple 7S globulins composed of two fractions (A and B) in the electrophoresis with Davis' method were isolated at different stages of the soybean seed development. Electrophoresis of their subunits liberated in PAWU solvent [phenol-acetic acid-water (2 : 1 : 1) solution plus 5M urea] yielded 4 major bands. Observation of both the electrophoretic bands of the multiple 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B) and those of their subunits was suggestive of a similarity of the subunit pattern between two 7S fractions. The two fractions in multiple 7S globulins were isolated with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column$(2.0{\sim}100cm)$ chromatography. They were separated into 2 fractions in a linear gradient concentration of 0.28 to 0.40M NaCl with phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) containing 10mM ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol$(ME). The isolated protein was dissociated into subunits with two different solvent systems; in PAWU solvent and in Tris-HCl buffer(pH 8.0) containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 40mM ME. The dissociated subunits were subjected to electrophoresis in PAWU-treated 7.5% acrylamide gel and in 1% SDS-treated 5.6% acrylamide gel. In PAWU gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 5 major bands, two of which were occupied in common by two 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B). In SDS gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 7 major bands, three of which were overlapped with the subunit of the two 7S fractions. The above results alluded us to the presence of a common and/or similar subunit between the multiple 7S globulins.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy and has often ended up with termination of the therapy. The aim of this study was to identify any fractions of Korean red ginseng that would be effective in modulating for MDR. Although ginsenosides have been reviewed as possible MDR modulators, the MDR modulation activity of the other component is unknown. Therefore, a red ginseng was extracted with methanol, ether, ethylacetate, and n-butanol, followed by several fractionations by silica gel chromatography. And the activity of MDR modulating for these fractions was examined via sulforrhodamine B assay. We have found that several ether fractions, as nonsaponin components are effective on MDR modulation. We have expect that these results helpful to improvement of cancer chemotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1993

To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on lipoprotein profile serum of carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, carbon tetrachloride (50% in olive oil) was twice given at 0.1ml/100g body weight at intervals of 24hours to the male rats and then the degree of liver damage in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals fed a low protein diet was compared with that fed a high protein diet. The increasing rate of liver weight/body weight and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats to the control group were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In the serum levels of lipid (total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride) remarkable differences were not found between low protein diet group and high protein diet group. But these serum lipids in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats were decreased and the decreasing rate of serum lipids to control group were higher in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. Under the animal model as identified by the present data herein, serum pre $\beta$-lipoprotein and $\alpha$-lipoprotein fractions were decreased in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, but the serum levels of $\beta$-lipoprotein were rather increased in the both group by the injection of carbon tetrachloride. Especially, the decreasing rate of $\alpha$-lipoprotein fraction was higher in $CCl_4$-treated rats fed a high protein diet than those fed a low protein diet to its control group and the increasing rate of serum $\beta$-lipoprotein fraction was also higher in $CCl_4$-treated rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins from ginseng roots and to compare the protein patterns from Korean ginseng and American quinquefolium. The size difference was found in the major protein bands of a molecular weight of about 27,000 between Korean ginseng and American quinquefolium. The protein band of a molecular weight of 22,000 showed a quantitative difference in its amount. The major 27 K proteins appeared to form a complex heterodimer of 66,000 and to have internal bisulfide bonds, from band shifting studies under non-denaturing conditions. Three peaks appeared when the protein extract from root homogenates was purified using gel filtration and DEAE ion exchange chromatography. The examination of physiological activity and further purification of these fractions are underway.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.542-547
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• 1998

The main function of adipocytes in various species is to store nutrient energy in the form of triglycerides, and this function may he closely related with hormonal signaling through the plasma membrane of adipocytes. Using SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and a membrane biotinylation technique, we have identified a 55KDa protein (55K protein) from the plasma membrane fraction of adipocytes, with an isoelectric point (pI) of 8.1-8.3. However, this 55K protein was not observed with a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis carried out on plasma membrane fractions prepared from the liver, heart, and kidney tissues. An analysis of the 12 amino acids sequence at the N-terminal of the 55K protein showed that it has a similar sequence to that of bovine serum albumin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 1993

A sopA protein (41K) encoded by plasmid pXX288 was observed in the cytoplasm, whereas a sopB protein (37K) encoded by plasmid pXX157 was observed in the membrane fraction. Most of the sopB protein was solubilized from the crude membrane by treatment with Sarkosyl, which suggested that the protein may be located in the inner membrane. The sopA protein was precipitated at the concentration of 30 to 60% ammonium sulfate. The sedimentation profile of the crude membrane fraction showed a little difference according to culture media used, and the sopB protein existed in all fractions of inner membrane. The DNA of plasmids, pXX157, pXX300, and pXX167 co-sedimented with inner membrane fraction.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to measure diurnal patterns in the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen (SNAN) fractions in the liquid phase of digesta entering the omasum of cows fed grass-red clover silage supplemented with barley and rapeseed meal. Four ruminally cannulated cows were fed, in a 4×4 Latin square design, grass-red clover silage alone (GS) or supplemented with (on a DM basis) 6.0kg/d of barley grain, 2.1kg/d of rapeseed meal or 6.0kg/d of barley and 2.1kg/d rapeseed meal. Omasal digesta was taken using an omasal sampling system at 1.5h intervals during a 12h feeding cycle, and SNAN fractions (free AA, peptide and soluble protein) in the omasal digesta were assessed using ninhydrin assay. Dietary supplementation numerically increased the mean flow of SNAN fractions relative to GS diet despite the lack of statistical significance. Diurnal patterns in the flow of peptide entering the omasum during a 12h feeding cycle appeared to be highest immediately after feeding, declined by 10.0h post-feeding and slightly increased thereafter. In SNAN fractions, the flow of peptide was higher for supplemented diets than for GS diet throughout the feeding cycle. Based on the microbial contribution to total SNAN using 15N, diurnal patterns in the flow of dietary SNAN for dietary supplemented diets appeared to be higher compared with GS diets. Present results may conclude that peptide flow is quantitatively the most important N in SNAN fractions and that dietary supplementation can increase peptide flow entering the omasal canal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1997

This study was conducted to determine the protein content, cell wall fractions, and mineral concentrations of some minor plant species collected for one year in pastures grazed by goats in the Philippines. An assessment of nutrient variability and a comparison of forage protein and mineral concentrations to the critical value of protein and minerals based on animal needs were also studied. The plant species were the following: grasses(Axonopus compressus, Eleusine indica, Rottboellia exaltata); legumes (Aeschynomene indica, Calopogonium muconoides, Desmodium tortousum); and herbs (Corchorus olitorius, Ipomea aquatica, Sida acuta, Synedrella nodiflora). The two seasons (dry and wet) were subdivided into Dry-1 (December to February, 132 mm total rainfall), Dry-2 (March to May, 25 mm total rainfall), Wet-1 (June to August, 1,138 mm total rainfall), and Wet-2 (September to November, 1,118 mm total rainfall). Results showed that significant differences were obtained on various nutrient fractions including those mineral concentrations across species. Across season, acid detergent lignin (ADL) had higher (p < 0.05) value at Dry-1. Legumes and herbs were higher in crude protein (CP) especially Sida acuta. Grasses showed the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) with the addition of Sida nodiflora (herb) for it contained high NDF. Aeschynomene indica contained the highest amount of ADL and the herbs (Ipomea aquatica and Sida acuta) had exceptionally high concentration of minerals. Coefficient variation of the various nutrient values ranged from 27.3 to 136.7%. Some forage minerals appeared to be deficient (sodium, phosphorus and copper) or excess (molybdenum) for the whole or part of the year. This study shows that some minor plant species could extend the range of concentration of some nutrients (i.e., CP and minerals) beyond that normally found in conventional pasture species.