• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.485-489
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• 2015

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage failure of the kidney, but the efficacy of currently available strategies for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we investigated the effects of free anthraquinones (FARs) extract, which was extracted from the rhubarb and purified by macroporous resin DM130 with gradient mixtures of ethanol/water as the lelution solvents, in high glucose-cultured glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). The cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay, the levels of TGF-${\beta}1$, CTGF, ColIV and FN proteins in the supernatant of MCs were measured by ELISA assays, and the mRNA levels of these four genes were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that the increased proliferation of MCs, the mRNA levels and protein expression of TGF-${\beta}1$, CTGF, ColIV and FN induced by high glucose were inhibited after the treatment with the FARs extract. This indicated that FARs extract could inhibit cell proliferation and the expression of main extracellular matrix induced by high glucose in MCs. The FARs extract exhibited potential values for prophylaxis and therapy of DN.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2012

In order to develop methods that would enlarge the feed resources in Tibet, mixtures of hulless-barley straw and tall fescue were ensiled with four levels (0, 10%, 20%, and 30% of fresh weight) of wet hulless-barley distillers' grains (WHDG). The silos were opened after 7, 14 or 30 d of ensiling, and the fermentation characteristics and nutritive quality of the silages were analyzed. WHDG addition significantly improved fermentation quality, as indicated by the faster decline of pH, rapid accumulation of lactic acid (LA) (p<0.05), and lower butyric acid content and ammonia-N/total N (p<0.05) as compared with the control. These results indicated that WHDG additions not only effectively inhibited the activity of aerobic bacteria, but also resulted in faster and greatly enhanced LA production and pH value decline, which restricted activity of undesirable bacteria, resulting in more residual water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in the silages. The protein content of WHDG-containing silages were significantly higher (p<0.05) higher than that of the control. In conclusion, the addition of WHDG increased the fermentation and nutritive quality of straw-grass silage, and this effect was more marked when the inclusion rate of WHDG was greater than 20%.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2001

The interaction of cytochrome c with binary phospholipid mixtures was investigated by solid-state $^2H$- and $^{31}P$-NMR. To examine the effect of the interaction on the glycerol backbones, the glycerol moieties of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and cardioliph (CL) were specifically deuterated. On the binding of cytochrome c to the binary mixed bilayers, no changes in the quadrupole splittings of each of the components were observed for the PC/PG, PE/CL and PE/PG liposomes. In contrast, the splittings of CL decreased on binging of protein to the PC/CL liposomes, although those of PC did not change at all. This showed that cytochrome c specifically interacts with CL in PC/CL bilayers, and penetrates into the lipid bilayer to some extent so as to perturb the dynamic structure of the glycerol backbone. This is distinctly different from the mode of interaction of cytochrome c with other binary mixed bilayers. In the $^{31}P$-NMR spectra, line broadening and a decrease of the chemical shift anisotropy were observed on the binding of cytochrome c for all binary mixed bilayers that were examined. These changes were more significant for the PC/CL bilayers. Furthermore, the line broadening is more significant for PC than for CL in PC/CL bilayers. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the polar head groups, not only CL but also PC are involved in the interaction with cytochrome c.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2014

Exopeptidase active fractions from the hepatopancreas of the Argentina shortfin squid Illex argentinus, were obtained with acetone (AC 30-40%), ammonium sulfate (AS 60-70% saturation), anion exchange chromatography (AE-II, 0.2 M NaCl) and gel filtration chromatography (GF-I, 30-50 kDa) fractionation methods. A bitter peptide solution that has a bitterness equivalent to that of 2% glycylphenylalanine and prepared by tryptic hydrolysis of milk casein, was treated with the exopeptidase active fractions. The GF-I fraction was the best based on aminopeptidase activity (35.3 U/mg), percentage of recovery (30.7%) and a sensory evaluation (1.7). The amount of released amino acids increased as incubation time increased, and the bitterness of the enzyme reaction mixtures decreased. Incubation with the GF-I fraction for 24 h resulted in the hydrolysis of several peptides as revealed by the reverse-phase high performance liguid chromatography profile, with three peaks (3, 5 and 6) decreasing in area (%) and three peaks (1, 2 and 4) increasing in area (%). Therefore, the GF-I fraction appeared to be ideally suited to reduce bitterness in protein hydrolysates by catalyzing the hydrolysis of bitter peptides.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1988

알콜이 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자, 숫병아리를 사용하여 대조군, 음료수에 1, 2 및 3% 알콜첨가군 등 4군으로 나누어 7주간 사육하였다. 알콜섭취에 따른 결과는 체중은 1% 알콜군이 가장 증가되었고, 간중량은 3% 알콜군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 적혈구수, hemoglobin, hematocrit 및 혈청단백질농도는 알콜섭취에 의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 혈청중 GOT 및 ${\gamma}-GTP$활성은 2 및 3% 알콜군이 유의하게 증가되었으나, GPT 활성은 알콜섭취군들이 다소 감소되는 경향이었다. 혈청중 LDH 활성은 알클섭취군들에서 유의한 차이는 아니나 증가되었으며, alkaline phosphatase 활성은 대조군과 알콜군이 비슷한 경향이었다. 포도당농도는 3% 알콜군이 대조군에 비하여 감소되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.458-462
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• 2009

황산 수용액에 재생 피브로인을 녹이고 가열하여 황산을 반응물과 동시에 촉매로 사용하여 황산-피브로인을 제조 하였다. 황산의 농도 및 반응온도를 달리하여 얻어진 시료로부터 적외선 흡광 스펙트럼, UV 흡광 스펙트럼, NMR 및 GPC를 사용하여 반응조건에 따른 황산기의 도입 정도 및 피브로인 분자의 분해 정도를 분석하였다. 황산-피브로인의 수율은 5%의 황산을 사용하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 반응시킬 때 가장 높았으며 적외선 흡광 스펙트럼의 $1109\;cm^{-1}$의 피크가 나타내는 도입된 황산기의 량은 황산의 농도가 증가하면 같이 증가하였다. 단백질에 도입된 황산기는 피브로인 분자를 주로 구성하고 있는 세린 및 타이로신의 hydroxyl 그룹과 반응하여 O-sulfate ester를 형성할 것으로 예상되는데, 이는 274 nm에서의 UV 흡광도의 감소 및 $3300\;cm^{-1}$의 적외선 흡광 스펙트럼의 감소가 관찰되는 결과와 일치하였다. GPC 분석을 통하여 황산-피브로인이 가수 분해되어 원래 피브로인의 분자량 보다 분자량이 작으며 동시에 가수분해된 저분자 황산 피브로인 펩타이드와 덜 가수분해된 비교적 분자량이 큰 펩타이드로 구성되어 있음이 확인되고 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 1970

1. 대두 4개품종을 20개경합처리로 주간간격을 5-10-20-40-80 cm 변화시켜 대두유전자형에 대한 10개형질을 조사하였다. 2. 수량, 100립중, 초장, 분지수, 일주맥수, 맥당립수는 주간간격처리에 의하여 고도의 유의성을 보였다. 3. 절수와 개화일수는 간격처리에 효과가 없었으며 성숙은 4개품종의 간격효과가 상이하였다. 4. 결실기간은 주간간격처리에 대하여 영향을 받았으며 초장은 간격이 넓어짐에 따라 짧아졌으며 감소할수록 증가하였다. 분지수도 간격이 증가하였을 때 증가하였다. 개체수량은 간격이 감소할수록 감소하였으나 전수량은 반대였다. 5. 시비효과는 인정되지 않았다. 또 80cm주간의 수량도 인정되지 않았다. 6. 경합효과에서 강세경합은 금강대립 품종이며 약세경합은 충북백 Shelby였다. 7. 대두수량에 최적간격은 20cm주간이었다. 8. 지방함량은 넓은 간격에서 증가하였으며 단백질함량은 좁은 간격에서 증가하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

바이오매스를 바이오오일로 전환시기키 위하여 오거형의 반응조를 설계, 제작하여 실험하였다. 10.2L의 반응조는 $550^{\circ}C$를 유지하며 Batch식으로 운영하였다. 돈분뇨 혼합물, 돈분 왕겨혼합물, 돈분 톱밥혼합물 등 세 가지 혼합물을 대상으로 주(主) 구성성분인 헤미셀루로즈, 리그닌, 셀루로즈, 단백질, 지질(脂質)등을 화학적으로 분석하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 전섬유소 (holocellulose = hemicellulose + cellulose), 리그닌(lignin)의 함유량이 클수록 바이오오일 생산량은 많았으나, 회분(ash)함량은 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 바이오매스기질을 평가하였으며, 돈분과 왕겨의 상관성은 거의 나타나지 않았으나 돈분과 톱밥의 상관성은 매우 높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.552-557
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• 1993

대두 펩타이드의 아미노산 조성 및 평균소수도가 혈청 콜레스테롤의 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 대두 단백질(ISP), 카세인(CNP), 이들 단백질을 펩신으로 가수분해하여 pH에 다른 펩타이드 침전 획분들(SHT, SH8, SH6, SH4, CHT) 및 각 단백질과 같은 조성의 아미노산 혼합물(SAA, CAA)을 흰쥐에 섭취시키고 혈청콜레스테롤 농도를 측정하였다. 각 펩타이드의 아미노산 조성을 분석하고, 이로부터 구한 Lys/Arg 비율 및 소수성 아미노산의 몰분율은 혈청 콜레스테롤의 농도와 상관관계가 없었으며, Tanford, Manavalan 및 Meirovitch법으로 구한 평균소수도와도 상관관계가 없었다. 그러나, Krigbaum법으로 구한 평균소수도와는 상관계수가 -0.736으로 음의 상관관계이어서, 식이 펩타이드의 krigbaum 평균소수도가 높을 수록 래트의 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도가 낮아졌다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 1985

In order to observe the effect of defatted ginseng which is made by extracting fat from ginseng using petroleum ether during the growth and the starvation, the powder of defatted ginseng was added to the basal diet by 25% and 50% respectively, and the mixtures were fed for 4 weeks to just weanling white female rat which weighed 78-82 g. As for the diet initake, there was not showed any meaningful difference between the defatted ginseng powder fed group and the control group (to which was fed just - the basal diet not including defatted ginseng powder), but the protein intake for the former group appeared to be reduced (P<0.02-0.01) compared to the control group. As for the growth rate, that of the defatted ginseng powder fed group appeared higher (P<0.02) than that of the control group in 1 week after feeding, but since after 2 weeks, there was not showed meaningful difference between the two groups. As for the weight-reduction rate by starvation, that of the 25% defatted ginseng powder fed group showed just 79.6% (P<0.05) of the control group's in 5 days after feeding, but the rate of the 50% defatted ginseng powder fed group appeared 119.3% of the control group's. As for the required time from the beginning of starvation to the death, it was resulted that the higher the rate of defatted ginseng addition is, the shorter the time becomes (P<0.05)