• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of obesity of 212 women (age 45-60 years) in Seoul and the Kyunggi area through analysis of BMI and the dietary life factors related to obesity using a survey on dietary habits, dietary assessment, and nutrient intake. The height of the underweight group was taller than normal. The height of the obese group was equal to that of the normal group, but the weight was 8.5 kg greater than the normal group. Women in the underweight group consumed meals irregularly, and only 33.4% ate breakfast. Additionally, the rate of overeating was low in the underweight group, and milk, dairy products (yogurt, etc.), fruit, and fruit juice were consumed more than once a day. It was found that 62.1% of the women in the obese group never ate out, and the rate of eating one serving of fruit, drinking one cup of fruit juice, and eating various kinds of foods was high. The average point of women's dietary life was $21.9{\pm}2.9$, and 12.7% of all women responded that their dietary life was good. However, in the obese group, only 6.9% of the women reported that their dietary life was good. Evaluation of snacking habits revealed that the underweight group consumed a high level of carbonated drinks and ice cream, whereas for in the obese group, 24.1% of the women consumed milk and its products and 5.6% regularly consumed fast and fried foods. Evaluation of nutrient intake revealed that the consumption of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E was high in all of the groups, but the intake of folic acid in the underweight group was lower than the required level. Overall, 24.1% of the women in the obese group were found to have metabolic diseases, mostly hypertension (43%). In conclusion, a balanced diet to avoid excessive nutrient intake is needed to prevent obesity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.856-867
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between of weight control attempts with concern about weight control. nutrition knowledge, eating behavior and nutrients Intake among high school girls in Seoul, Korea. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 355 subjects. The subjects were then divided into two groups, one with experience in attempting to control their weight, and one with no experience in attempting to control their weight. The mean averages of height, weight. obesity index (OI) and BMI of the subjects were 161.1cm, 53.1kg, -5.2% and 20.4, respectively. 49% of the subjects were experienced in attempting weight control. The majority of the group that had experience in weight control expressed dissatisfaction of with their self body image (66.7%), and was concerned about weight control (94.9%). This group also had more abnormal eating habits than the group that had no experience in weight control attempts, such as missing meals, eating irregularly, not eating a variety of foods and snacking. The mean averages of perceived knowledge (PK) and correct knowledge (CK) regarding nutrition on a 30 point scale were 23.6 (78.7% of total score) and 15.8 (52.7%), respectively. There were no significant differences of the PK's and the CK's between the two groups. Nutrients intakes of the two groups were not significantly different and the mean nutrient intakes revealed adequate consumption of energy. protein, Fe, Ca. thiamin. riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and C. The higher the dissatisfaction of their self body image, PK score. and abnormal eating habits, the higher the level of concerns about of being overweight.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1984

Proximate, calcium, phosphorus and amino acid composition were determined for sardine fish meal (SM), herring fish meal (HM), anchovy fish meal (AM), alaskapolack by-product meal (ABM) and file fish by-product meal (FBM) produced domestically. These fish protein sources were fed to adult male of meat type (Waren G) broiler chicks to determine the true availability of amino acids. The true availability of essential amino acids were closely related to various fish meals with a few exceptions (e.g. valine, methionine, isoleucine and leucine). Average true availability of essential amino acids (9 amino acids) were 95, 93, 93, 91 and 91 percent for AM, SM, FBM; HM and ABM, respectively. Significant differences in the true availability of each individual amino acid were observed among fish meal tested (P＜0.01). Lysine availability was low in HM, ABM and FBM whereas phenylalanine was the lowest in FBM and ABM, respectively. AM showed the highest true amino acid availability among all fish meal tested.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.513-520
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• 2012

This research was planned and executed to evaluate how the composition of Yack-sun tea can affect the health conditions of people who are suffering from diet-related such as being overweight, are obese and have hyperlipidemia, by taking Yack-sun tea in a form of a nutritional supplement with our daily meals. We produced Kangjieum with Lycium chinense Mill., Polygonum multflorum Thunb, Cassia tora L., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Thus, we approach of oriental diet therapy area research of Kangjieum and analysis proximate composition, water soluble antioxidant content. The content(%, dry basis) of total carbohydrate was 60.23%, crude protein was 18.18%, crude ash was 11.36% and crude fat was 10.23% in Kangjieum. Total water soluble antioxidant content was 1.027 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Kangjieum. We think that scientific and objective evaluation was done on the components of the Kangjieum prescription. This basic data could help guide the application of oriental medicinal resources into other foods and serve as a stepping-stone for use of Kangjieum in the burgeoning field of nutraceutical foods. Last, the scientific effects of oriental medicinal foods developed according to oriental medicinal theory. This theory is believed to be essential for government policy development concerning validation of medicinal effects and assessment, with the aim of fostering systematic development and providing guidance to food development in the interest of national health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1698-1707
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• 2013

Optimization of the dietary formulation is the most effective way to reduce methane. Nineteen feed ingredients (brans, vegetable proteins, and grains) were evaluated for their potential to generate methane and change methanogen diversity using an in vitro ruminal fermentation technique. Feed formulations categorized into high, medium and low production based on methane production of each ingredient were then subjected to in vitro fermentation to determine the real methane production and their effects on digestibility. Methanogen diversity among low, medium and high-methane producing groups was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. The highest methane production was observed in Korean wheat bran, soybean and perilla meals, and wheat and maize of brans, vegetable protein and cereal groups, respectively. On the other hand, corn bran, cotton seed meal and barley led to the lowest production in the same groups. Nine bacteria and 18 methanogen 16s rDNA PCR-DGGE dominant bands were identified with 83% to 99% and 92% to 100% similarity, respectively. Overall, the results of this study showed that methane emissions from ruminants can be mitigated through proper selection of feed ingredients to be used in the formulation of diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify dietary factors related to the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Korea. The study consisted of 165 diabetic patients, male and female, aged 30 to 70 years and 198 healthy persons as controls. Diabetic patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for less than five years before the study period were recruited from eight different hospitals located in Seoul, Korea. Socioeconomic status, state of illness, physical activity, food habits and food intake were assessed. Food intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire method using a 105-food frequency questionnaire developed for diabetic patients. The stress and activity indices of diabetic patients were not significantly different from control, but alcohol consumption and smoking levels were higher in diabetics than controls. Other diseases of male diabetic patients included liver diseases, digestive system diseases, and hypertension, while those of female diabetics were hypertension, neuralgia, arthritis and digestive system diseases. These disease patterns are different from Western countries whose most common complications are hypertension and hyperlipidemia. More irregular and less varied meals were found in the diabetic group compared to the control group, suggesting that diabetic patients have generally undesirable food habits. Otherwise, food and nutrient intake of diabetics did not differ greatly from the control group. It was found that diabetic patients consumed more cereals and less fruit than the control group, and also that male diabetics consumed more alcohol. The carbohydrate : protein : fat energy distribution ratio was 61.7 : 15.8 : 22.5 in male patients and 65.1 : 14.9 : 19.7 in female patients. Discriminant analysis showed that diabetes risk factors differed with sex. In male patients, the important factors were body mass index(BMI), vitamin C intake, family diabetic history and vegetable intake, while in female patients they were BMI, cereals intake, carbohydrate intake, vitamin C intake, stress, food habits and Ca intake. These results show that excessive intake of energy and fat are not the major causal factors in Korean NIDDM. Therefore, the diabetes risk factors of Western countries may not directly apply to Koreans. Mors study is needed to clarify the risk factors of Korean NIDDM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1296-1303
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• 2000

A series of four experiments was conducted to compare nutritional values of decorticated sunflower meals against soybean meal, in diets for pigs from weaning (Exp. 1 and 2) to finishing (Exp. 3 and 4). All experimental diets were prepared compensating for the energy content by using vegetable oil and the lysine content was matched using synthetic L-Lysine HCl. Twenty-one day old pigs were fed either corn-soybean meal based diet (CSBM) or corn- twice-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CDSM) for four weeks (Exp. 1). There was no difference in performances between treatment groups. In Exp. 2, corn-non-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CNSM) was added to the existing two treatments. Twenty-one day old pigs were fed three experimental diets for four weeks. Pigs fed CNSM had a lower weight gain and feed intake than other treatments (p<0.05). There was no difference between pigs fed CSBM and CDSM (Exp. 2). Growth performance of growing pigs was also greater (p<0.05) in pigs fed corn starch-twice- decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CSDSM) than pigs fed corn starch-non-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CSNSM) during the eight week feeding trial (Exp. 3). There was no difference between pig fed corn starch-soybean meal based diet (CSSBM) and CSDSM (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, growing pigs were fed three experimental diets (CSBM, CDSM, and barley-twice- decorticated sunflower meal based diet; BDSM) until the slaughter. There was no difference in growth performance of pigs during growing and finishing periods among treatments. However, pigs fed CSBM had a higher carcass dressing percentage (p<0.05) than pigs fed CDSM and BDSM. Pigs fed BDSM diet had a lower fat tissue percentage than other groups (p<0.05). The twice-decorticated sunflower meal can be used as a substitute for soybean meal in pig diets. The performances of piglets and growing-finishing pigs were not affected when soybean meal was replaced by twice-decorticated sunflower meal. This substitution needs the contribution of synthetic lysine and vegetable oil as sources of complementary nutrients to match the nutrient profile.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2012

This study was conducted to identify dietary factors that may affect the occurrence of gastric cancer in Koreans. Preoperative daily nutrition intake and diet quality of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer were evaluated. Collected data were comparatively analyzed by gender. The results were then used to prepare basic materials to aid in the creation of a desirable postoperative nutrition management program. The subjects of this study were 812 patients (562 men and 250 women) who were diagnosed with gastric cancer and admitted for surgery at Soonchunhyang University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2010. Nutrition intake and diet quality were evaluated by the 24-hr recall method, the nutrient adequacy ratio, mean adequacy ratio (MAR), nutrient density (ND), index of nutritional quality (INQ), dietary variety score (DVS), and dietary diversity score (DDS). The rate of skipping meals and eating fast, alcohol consumption, and smoking were significantly higher in males than those in females. The levels of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and cholesterol consumption were significantly higher in males than those in females. Intake of fiber, zinc, vitamin A, retinol, carotene, folic acid were significantly higher in females than those in males. MAR in males was significantly higher (0.83) than that in females (0.79). INQ values were higher in females for zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, and folic acid than those in males. The average DVS was 17.63 for females and 13.19 for males. The average DDS was 3.68 and the male's average score was 3.44, whereas the female's average score was 3.92. In conclusion, males had more dietary habit problems and poor nutritional balance than those of females. Our findings suggest that proper nutritional management and adequate dietary education for the primary prevention of gastric cancer should be emphasized in men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.560-568
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the dietary behaviors and the nutrient intake of a middle school and a high school girls in Iksan. The subjects consisted of 132 middle school girls and 122 high school girls in Iksan. The proportion of subjects eating meals irregularly was higher in the high school girls (98.6%) than in the middle school girls(78.7%). The proportion of subjects skipping a meal also was higher in the high school girls(61.5%) than in the middle school girls(53.8%) and most of them (65.8%) skipped breakfast though they thought breakfast was the most important meal of a day (87.4%). The subjects tended to overeat at lunch (38.6%), and at dinner (55.9%). The main reasons of skipping a meal were 1. They had no time (49.3%), and 2. They had poor appetite (24.7%) Mean daily energy intake was 2198.5Kcal in the middle school girls and 2150.5Kcal in the high school girls and mean daily intake of protein, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ and niacin was significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.01) in the middle school girls than in the high school girls. Mean daily calcium, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin A and C intake of middle school girls were lower than those of RDA and all nutrients intake of high school girls except for phosphorus was lower than those of RDA. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) was under 1.0 for calcium, iron, vitamin A, $B_1$ and C. Mean blood level of cholesterol, triglyceride, Hb, Hct, GOT, GPT were 170.9mg/dl, 78.9mg/dl, 13.1g/dl, 39.5%, 18.8mg/d and 15.7mg/dl, respectively.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the popularity of menu items in nutrient consumption of school-aged children participating in a School Breakfast Program. The weighed plate waste method was used to determine the nutrient intake of students. The nutrient intake was evaluated based on the popularity of the menu item, gender, and grades. The average intakes of all nutrients except energy, fiber, and sodium were well within the goals. Actual nutrient intake varied based upon the popularity of $entr{\acute{e}}es$ and the popularity of menu items was a main effect in nutrient content of meals. When the most popular $entr{\acute{e}}es$ were served, school-aged children's energy intake and School Breakfast Program participation rate increased. Saturated fat and sodium intakes also were higher than the goal when the most popular $entr{\acute{e}}es$ were served. The significant main effect was grades for total fat (p < 0.05) and calcium (p < 0.05), which was qualified by the two-way interaction between gender and grades for saturated fat (p < 0.05), protein (p<0.1), iron (p<0.01), vitamin C (p<0.01) and carbohydrates (p<0.001). Gender itself was not a significant main effect. Based on the findings, the suggestions for educating school-aged children on more healthful breakfast food choices and reformulating recipes for the popular $entr{\acute{e}}es$ are made. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 102-106, 2006)