• 한방비만학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of Pulsatilla koreana (PK) methanol extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory. Methods: There were five groups. They were control group, LPS-exposed PK methanol extract group ($0{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $30{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$). To measure out cytotoxicity of PK, we performed the MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PK, we examined the inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, IL-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ [$TNF-{\alpha}$], IL-10). Results: 1. The extract of PK (${\sim}100{\mu}g/ml$) itself did not have any cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. The concentration of plasma NO and PGE2 in PK methanol extract group showed a lower values than those of control group. 3. The concentration of plasma $IL-1{\beta}$, plasma IL-6, and plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ in PK methanol extract group showed a lower values than those of control group. 4. The concentration of Plasma IL-10 in PK methanol extract groups showed higher than control group; however, these values showed no significantly different. Conclusions: According to this study, the extract of PK could be used as a protective agent against inflammation.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2020

당근검은잎마름병균인 Alternaria dauci KACC42997에 대해서 32개 살균제를 선발하여 균사생장 억제효과를 조사한 결과, '다2'군, '다5'군, '사1'군, '마2'군, '마3'군에 속하는 살균제의 균사생장 억제효과가 우수하였다. Iminoctadine tris-albesilate를 제외한 '카'군에 속하는 보호살균제와 '다3'군에 속하는 pyraclostrobin은 병원균의 포자발아를 억제하는 효과가 우수하였다. 균사생장 억제효과가 우수했던 숙신산탈수소효소 활성을 저해하는 '다2'군과 탈메틸효소 활성을 저해하는 '사1'군 살균제는 우수한 균사생장 억제효과를 보여주면서도, 포자발아 억제효과는 저조하였다. 하지만 '다5'군에 속하는 fluazinam은 균사생장 억제효과뿐만 아니라 포자발아 억제효과도 우수하였다. 특별히 '다2'군에 속하는 fluxapyroxad를 100 ㎍/ml 처리한 경우, 배지 상에서 포자형성을 47.1% 억제하였다. 구미, 평창, 제주 등에서 분리한 검은잎마름병균 집단의 '사'군, '다'군, '마'군 살균제에 대한 저항성 요인값을 비교하면, 제주 지역 병원균 집단의 저항성 요인값이 가장 낮았다. 평창 지역 균주 집단에서 '마2'군에 속하는 fludioxonil 저항성 균주가 2개 발견되었으며, 그들은 모두 iprodione과 procymidone에 대해서 교차저항성을 보였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6019-6026
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and HBV-related diseases and whether these polymorphisms influence its expression in the Guangxi Zhuang population. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 129 chronic HBV infected (CHB) patients, 86 HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 160 healthy controls in our study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to detect IL-18 gene -607C/A, -137G/C polymorphisms, and an ELISA kit was employed to determine serum IL-18 levels. Results: No correlation was found between the -607C/A polymorphism and risk of HBV-related disease. For the -137G/C polymorphism, the GC genotype and C allele were associated with a significantly lower risk of CHB (95%CI: 0.32-0.95, p=0.034 and 95%CI: 0.35-0.91, p=0.018) and HBV-related LC (95%CI: 0.24-0.89, p=0.022 and 95%CI: 0.28-0.90, p=0.021). A similar decreased risk was also found with the A-607C-137 haplotype. With respect to IL-18 expression, it was significantly lower in both patient groups, but no association was noted between the two polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene and its expression. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the -137C allele in the IL-18 gene may be a protective factor for HBV-related disease, and serum IL-18 level may be inversely associated with CHB and HBV-related LC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3705-3713
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• 2014

E-Cadherin (CDH1) genetic variations may be involved in invasion and metastasis of various cancers by altering gene transcriptional activity of epithelial cells. However, published studies on the association of CDH1 gene polymorphisms and cancer risk remain contradictory, owing to differences in living habits and genetic backgrounds. To derive a more better and comprehensive conclusion, the present meta-analysis was performed including 57 eligible studies of the association between polymorphisms of CDH1 gene promoter -160 C>A, -347 G>GA and 3'-UTR +54 C>T and cancer risk. Results showed that these three polymorphisms of CDH1 were significantly associated with cancer risk. For -160 C>A polymorphism, -160A allele carriers (CA and CA+AA) had an increased risk of cancer compared with the homozygotes (CC), and the similar result was discovered for the -160A allele in the overall analyses. In the subgroup analyses, obvious elevated risk was found with -160A allele carriers (AA, CA, CA+AA and A allele) for prostate cancer, while a decreased colorectal cancer risk was shown with the AA genotype. For the -347 G>GA polymorphism, the GAGA genotype was associated with increased cancer risk in the overall analysis with homozygous and recessive models. In addition, results of subgroup analysis indicated that the elevated risks were observed in colorectal cancer and Asian descendants. For +54 C>T polymorphism, a decreased risk of cancer was found in heterozygous, dominant and allele models. Moreover, +54T allele carriers (CT, CT+TT genotype and T allele) showed a potential protective factor in gastric cancer and Asian descendants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5411-5416
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• 2014

Background: A number of studies have reported relationships of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphisms with susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese population. However, the epidemiologic results have been conflictive rather than conclusive. The purpose of this study was to address the associations of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in Chinese population comprehensively. Materials and Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, CNKI and Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of association. Results: Overall, we observed a decreased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c2 and c1/c2+c2/c2 genotypes (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.64-0.90 and OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.66-0.93, respectively), as compared with subjects carrying the c1/c1 genotype. In subgroup analysis, we observed a decreased lung cancer risk among c1/c2 carriers in hospital-based studies (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.68-0.98) and among carriers with c1/c2 and c1/c2+c2/c2 genotypes in population-based studies(OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.42-0.79 and OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.43-0.79, respectively), as compared with subjects carrying the c1/c1 genotype. Limiting the analysis to studies with controls in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), we similarly observed a decreased lung cancer risk among c1/c2 and c1/c2+c2/c2 carriers (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.60-0.88 and OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.60-0.88, respectively), as compared with c1/c1. Conclusions: Our results suggested that CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c2 and c1/c2+c2/c2 variants might be a protective factor for developing lung cancer in Chinese population. Further well-designed studies with larger sample size are required to verify our findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5929-5934
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• 2013

Background: Primary brain tumors constitute a small percent of all malignant cancers, but their etiology remains poorly understood. ${\beta}3$ integrin (ITGB3) has been recognized to play influential roles in angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a surface glycoprotein important for tumor invasion and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific genetic polymorphisms of ICAM-1 and ITGB3 could be associated with brain cancer development and progression in a Turkish population. Our study is the first to our knowledge to investigate the relationship between brain tumor risk and ICAM-1 and ${\beta}3$ integrin gene polymorphisms. Materials and Methods: The study covered 92 patients with primary brain tumors and 92 age-matched healthy control subjects. Evaluation of ${\beta}3$ integrin (Leu33Pro (rs5918)) and ICAM-1 (R241G (rs1799969) and K469E (rs5498)) gene polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: According to results of our research, the A allele of the ICAM-1 R241G gene polymorphism appeared to be a risk factor for primary brain tumors (p<0.001). Similarly, the frequency of the A mutant allele of ICAM-1 R241G was statistically significant in patients with brain tumors classified as glioma (p<0.001). When allele and genotype distributions of ICAM-1 K469E, ICAM-1 R241G and ${\beta}3$ integrin Leu33Pro gene polymorphisms were evaluated with age, sex, and smoking, there were no statistically significant differences. Haplotype analysis revealed that the frequencies of GAC (rs1799969-rs5498-rs5918) and GAT (rs1799969-rs5498-rs5918) haplotypes were significantly lower in patients as compared with controls (p=0.001; p=0.036 respectively). Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that ICAM-1 R241G SNP significantly contributes to the risk of primary brain tumors in a Turkish population. In addition, our results suggest that ICAM-1 R241G in combination ICAM-1 K469E may have protective effects against the development of brain cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5965-5972
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• 2013

PIN1 is one member of the parvulin PPIase family. By controlling Pro-directed phosphorylation, PIN1 plays an important role in cell transformation and oncogenesis. There are many polymorphisms in the PIN1 gene, including rs2233678 and rs2233679 affecting the PIN1 promoter. Recently, a number of case-control studies were conducted to investigate the association between PIN1 gene rs2233678 and rs2233679 polymorphism and cancer risk. However, published data are still conflicting. In this paper, we summarized data for 5,427 cancer cases and 5,469 controls from 9 studies and attempted to assess the susceptibility of PIN1 gene polymorphism to cancers by a synthetic meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the relationship. All analyses were performed using Stata software. Our results suggested that rs2233678 represented a protective factor in overall analysis (CC vs GG: OR= 0.697, 95%CI: 0.498-0.976; CG vs GG: OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.572-0.858; Dominant model: OR= 0.707, 95%CI: 0.590-0.847; C allele vs G allele: OR=0.734, 95%CI: 0.623-0.867) and especially for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, lung cancer and breast cancer in Asians and Caucasians. The rs2233679 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased cancer risk in overall analysis (CT vs CC: OR=0.893, 95%CI=0.812-0.981; Dominant model: OR=0.893, 95%CI=0.816-0.976; T allele vs C allele; OR=0.947, 95%CI=0.896-1.000) and especially in Asians. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that -842G>C (rs2233678) and -667C>T (rs2233679) may contribute to genetic susceptibility for cancer risks. Further prospective research with larger numbers of worldwide participants is warranted to draw comprehensive and firm conclusions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2016

Breast cancer risk assessment has developed during years and evaluation of genetic factor affecting risk of breast cancer is an important component of this risk assessment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the role of XRCC1 polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) in risk of breast cancer among different population and categories of menopausal status.PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed Central were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating association between breast cancer and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln). Two authors independently extracted required information. Odds Ratios were pooled for four genetic inheritance models using both fixed and the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models. Egger's test and contour-enhanced funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias and small study effect. Additional subgroup analysis was performed for menopausal status, ethnicity, and source of controls. After evaluation and applying inclusion criteria on extracted studies, fifty three studies were included in this meta-analysis. For polymorphisms of Arg194Trp and Arg280His, no significant association was observed in all genetic models. Arg194Trp had a protective effect in post-menopausal status only in homozygote model (OR=0.57 [0.37-0.88]). Arg399Gln showed significant association with breast cancer in homozygote (OR=1.21 [1.10-1.34]), dominant (OR=1.09 [1.03-1.15]) and recessive (OR=1.21 [1.09- 1.35]) genetic models. Arg399Gln was associated with higher risk in post-menopausal status for homozygote and heterozygote models. Our findings suggest that XRCC1 gene polymorphisms modify breast cancer risk in different populations and different categories of menopausal status.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.554-559
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• 2016

Mycobacterium abscessus, a member of the group of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, has been identified as an emerging pulmonary pathogen in humans. However, little is known about the protective immune response of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), which guard against M. abscessus infection. The M. abscessus gene MAB1843 encodes ᴅ-alanyl-ᴅ-alanine dipeptidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ᴅ-alanyl-ᴅ-alanine dipeptide. We investigated whether MAB1843 is able to interact with DCs to enhance the effectiveness of the host's immune response. MAB1843 was found to induce DC maturation via toll-like receptor 4 and its downstream signaling pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B pathways. In addition, MAB1843-treated DCs stimulated the proliferation of T cells and promoted Th1 polarization. Our results indicate that MAB1843 could potentially regulate the immune response to M. abscessus, making it important in the development of an effective vaccine against this mycobacterium.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2897-2901
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• 2013

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Although certain dietary factors and lifestyles have been suggested to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, there have been few investigations focusing on rural areas. A case-control study was therefore carried out to investigate the risk factors of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) in rural areas of Linzhou. A total of 470 newly diagnosed cases of GCC and 470 healthy controls were included. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a uniform questionnaire containing questions on demographics, per capita income, living habits, dietary habits and family history of tumors. The relationship between putative risk factors and GCC was assessed by odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) derived from conditional logistic regression model by the COXREG command using SPSS 12.00. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate simultaneously the effects of multiple factors and other potential confounding factors. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that smoking (OR=1.939, 95%CI:1.097-3.426), alcohol drinking (OR=2.360, 95%CI: 1.292-4.311), hot food consumption (OR=2.034, 95%CI: 1.507-2.745), fast eating (OR=1.616, 95%CI: 1.171-2.230), mouldy food (OR=4.564, 95%CI: 2.682-7.767), leftover food (OR=1.881. 95%CI: 1.324-2.671), and family history of tumor (OR=2.831, 95%CI: 1.588-5.050) were risk factors for GCC. High per capita income (OR=0.709, 95%CI: 0.533-0.942), high education level (OR=0.354, 95%CI: 0.163-0.765), consumption of fresh fruits (OR=0.186, 95%CI: 0.111-0.311) and vegetables (OR=0.243, 95%CI: 0.142-0.415), and high BMI (OR=0.367, 95%CI: 0.242-0.557) were protective factors for GCC. Our data indicate that unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits might be important contributors to GCC in this population.