• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1457-1460
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• 2019

In this paper, we proposed the development of a mixed sensor parts for integrated radiation exposure protection fireman's life-saving alarm that can be location-tracked and irradiated. To measure radiation exposure dose, we use the PIN-Diode radiation measurement sensor module, a semi-conductive radiation measurement sensor that can minimize size and weight. The design for removing leakage current is carried out to enhance the characteristics of the radiation measurement sensor using PIN-Diode. The IMU sensor module is used to estimate the location of the current fireman at the same time as the accident estimate by adding together the data and the values for acceleration on the three axis. Experiments were conductied by an authorized testing agency to determine the efficiency of the proposed mixed sensor parts for integrated radiation exposure protection fireman's life-saving alarms. The cumulative dose measurement range was measured in the range of 10 μSv to 10 mSv, the highest level in the world. The accuracy was measured from ±6.3% to ±9.0% (137 Cs) and normal operation was found at the international standard of ±15%. In addition, positional accuracy was measured within ±10%, resulting in a high level of results, demonstrating its effectiveness. Therefore, it is expected that more firemen will be able to provide with superior performance integrated radiation exposure protection fireman life-saving alarm.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the user satisfaction between 4-bedrooms and 5/6-bedrooms in a single general hospital. Methodology: To measure and compare multiple-bed ward user satisfaction between 4-bedrooms and 5/6-bedrooms, questionnaires were collected from 916 inpatients and 129 nurses in a single general hospital. The patient satisfaction questionnaire categories included environmental conditions, protection of privacy, and medical services. The nurse satisfaction questionnaire categories included space, infection control, patient safety, work load and psychologic view point. Findings: Satisfaction of patient who admitted in 4-bedroom to the environmental conditions and protection of privacy was higher than that of 5/6-bedroom group (3.91 vs. 3.25, p<0.001). Satisfaction of nurse who worked in 4-bedroom was higher than that of 5/6-bedroom (3.05 vs. 1.92, p<0.001). By the multiple linear regression analysis, patient satisfaction to the environmental conditions and protection of privacy was related with multi-bedroom type and location of beds; 4-bedrooms were higher than 5/6-bedrooms(p<0.001), window side bed were higher than hallway side bed(p=0.001). There was no satisfaction difference in comparing medical services between the two groups. By the multiple linear mixed regression analysis, nurse satisfaction who were assigned for 4-bedrooms were higher than that of 5/6-bedrooms in all categories(p<0.001). Practical Implications: Even though no difference has shown in medical services satisfaction between the two patient groups, multi-bedroom type may affect patient satisfaction in environmental condition, protection of privacy and may also affect overall nurse satisfaction. This result suggests that to improve multi-bedroom user satisfaction, 4-bedroom is recommended over 5/6-bedroom.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.99-108
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to profile actual conditions of personal information protection systems operated in overseas countries and examine major considerations of personal information that security service providers must know in the capacity of privacy information processor, so that it may contribute to preventing potential occurrence of any legal disputes in advance. Particularly, this study further seeks to describe fundamental idea and principle of said Personal Information Protection Act; enhancement of various safety measures (e.g. collection / use of privacy data, processing of sensitive information / personal ID information, and encryption of privacy information); restrictions on installation / operation of video data processing devices; and penal regulations as a means of countermeasure against leakage of personal information, while proposing possible solutions to cope with these matters. Using cases among foreign countries for this study. Possible solutions proposed by this study can be summed up as follows: By changing minds with sufficient legal reviews, it is required for security service providers to 1) clearly and further specify any purposes of collecting and using privacy information, if possible, 2) obtain any privacy information by legitimate means as it is necessary to collect such information, 3) stop providing any personal information for the 3rd parties or for any other purposes except fundamental purposes of using privacy information, and 4) have full knowledge about duty of safety measure in accordance with safe maintenance of privacy information and protect any personal information from unwanted or intentional leakage to others.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.441-447
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• 2015

As a series of research plan, this study is to provide basic data necessary for the development of fishing industry which will contribute in establishing sound fishing culture in Jeju island through systematic management of fishing, protection of fishery resources and establishment of safety measures for fishermen in accordance with 'Fishing Management and Support Act'. To attain the proposed objective, this study conducted literature review and surveys on restriction standards of harmful substances generated from fishing equipment and baits, examined the current status of fishing management in popular fishing sites of other cities, and then reviewed and analyzed the fishing management and fishing-restriction zones in Jeju island. The survey on the opinions on the restriction criteria of fishing methods, tools and period, including the acceptable standards for harmful substances showed that general fishermen preferred 'alleviating the measure (44.8%)' to 'aggravating the measure (23.0%)'. Meanwhile, maritime police showed dominant opinion toward 'aggravating the restriction (52.2%)' over 'alleviating the measure (4.3%)'. Furthermore, fishing-related enterprise is favored 'aggravating the restriction (32.6%)' over 'alleviating the measure (27.9%)'. In the survey on the tolerance of fishing baits including criterion for content of certain substance in different types of bait, it showed 57.5% of general fishermen preferred alleviating restriction criteria while 20.7% of them favored tougher restriction. Whereas, 33.3% of maritime police group insisted such fishing baits should be more restricted while 16.7% answered it should be alleviated. 35.9% of fishing-related enterprise was in favor of alleviation while 14.3% preferred aggravation. Upon investigation on the status of fishing management in other cities and towns, it turned out that most of them had safety and convenience facilities, installed warning and guide signs in fishing sites, and set no fishing zones. The review of fishing management and restricted area showed that 10 sites required access restriction and 2 of 10 sites were considered to be partially restricted for weather and season. 82 fishing sites were regarded as unnecessary to be restricted and installation of safety facility and guide signs is necessary for the safety of fishermen.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-127
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• 2008

This paper is to research the powers and interim measures of the arbitral tribunal in the arbitral proceedings of the international commercial arbitration under arbitration legislation and arbitration rules including the UNCITRAL Model Law and Arbitration Rules. The powers of the arbitral tribunal may be found within the arbitration agreement or any arbitration rules chosen by the parties, or the chosen procedural law. The power of the arbitral tribunal to decide its own jurisdiction is one of the fundamental principles of international commercial arbitration. It is a power which is now found in nearly all modern arbitration and rules of arbitration. Where an arbitral tribunal has been appointed then it will usually have the power to proceed with the arbitration in the event that a party fails to appear. It cannot force a party to attend but it may sanction the failure. While the arbitral tribunal can direct the parties to attend and give evidence the arbitral tribunal has no power to compel a party to give evidence. The arbitral tribunal may continue the arbitration in the absence of the party or its failure to submit evidence and make an award on the evidence before it. Under most of arbitration legislation and arbitration rules, the arbitral tribunal has the power to appoint experts and obtain expert evidence. The power to order a party to disclose documents in its possession is a power given to the arbitral tribunal by many national laws and by most arbitration rules. The arbitral tribunal cannot, however, compel disclosure and in the case where a party refuses to disclosure documents then the sanctions that the arbitral tribunal can impose must be ascertained from the applicable rules or the relevant procedural law. A number of arbitration rules and national laws allow for the arbitral tribunal to correct errors within the award. Most of arbitration legislation and arbitration rules permit the arbitral tribunal to grant orders for interim measure of protection. Article 17(1) of the Revised UNCITRAL Model Law of 2006 states: Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal may, at the request of a party, grant interim measures. Interim measures of protection usually take such forms as (1) conservatory measures intended to prevent irreparable damage and maintain the status quo; (2) conservatory measures intended to preserve evidence or assets. Orders for interim measures by the arbitral tribunal are not self-enforcing. However, the arbitral tribunal must have the powers necessary to make interim measures effective. The Article 17 B of the Revised UNCITRAL Model Law of 2006 provides applications for preliminary orders and conditions for granting preliminary orders. And the Article 17 H provides recognition of enforcement of interim measures. In conclusion, the revised articles with regard to interim measures of the UNCITRAL Model Law of 2006 would contribute significantly to the security of the effectiveness of interim measures in international commercial arbitration. Therefore, Korean Arbitration Law and Arbitration Rules would be desirable to admit such revised articles with regard interim measures.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

The types of test items which were recorded in this test report of quality control domestic $^{18}F$-FDG radiopharmaceutical which consisted of 13 different types: appearance, half-life, radioactive heterokaryosis, radiochemical Confirmation (measure of Rf value), radiochemical Purity, Ethanol, Acetonitrile, Kryptofix, Aluminium, pH, Endotoxin, aseptic test, and radioactivity${\cdot}$ml-1. The record was fully recorded in 'appearance', 'radioactive heterokaryosis', 'pH', 'Endotoxin', and 'aseptic test'. In 'half-life', 'radiochemical Confirmation (measure of Rf value), 'radiochemical Purity', 'Ethanol', 'Acetonitrile', 'Kryptofix', 'Aluminium', 'radioactivity${\cdot}$ml-1', there were differences in records of each manufacturing business on radioactive medicine and medical supplies. The result of the test showed all 13 items of quality control test were 100% suitable on the basis of recorded data. There were more radiopharmaceutical made in the laboratory than in hospitals and businesses and in for result of suitability test, the laboratory showed higher suitability than did the hospitals or businesses. Domestically, there are differences of the test report items in the safety of radiopharmaceutical of each facility, and since it is not standardized, supplements are needed. To submit standardized test reports of quality guarantee in radiopharmaceutical, GMP of U.S. and CE Mark of Europe should be referred as well as receiving advice from professionals to standardize as suitable domestic standard.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2004

An imaging plate(IP) detector, a two-dimensional digital radiation detector that can acquire image of radioactivity distribution in a sample, has been applied in many fields; for industrial radiography, medical diagnosis, X-ray diffraction test, etc. In this study, the possibility of IP detector to be used lot measuring radioactivity of sample is explored using its high sensitivity, higher spatial resolution, wider dynamic range and screen uniformity for several kinds radiations. First, the IP detector is applied to measure the surface uniformity for area source. Surface uniformity is measured rapidly and nondestructively by measuring the radioactivity distribution of common standard area source$(^{241}Am)$. Next, the IP is employed to study the possibility of measuring an extremely low-level activity of environmental sample. For this study the screen uniformity, shield effect of background radiation, linear dynamic range and fading effect of the IP detector is investigated. The potato, banana, radish and carrot samples are chosen to measure ultra low-level activity of $^{40}K$ isotope. The efficiency calibration of IP detector is carried out using the standard source.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Background: Different cases exist in the measurement of thyroid radiobioassays owing to the individual characteristics of the subjects, especially the potential variation in the counting efficiency. An In situ Object Counting System (ISOCS) was developed to perform an efficiency calibration based on the Monte Carlo calculation, as an alternative to conventional calibration methods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of ISOCS to thyroid radiobioassays by comparison with a conventional thyroid monitoring system. Materials and Methods: The efficiency calibration of a portable high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector was performed using ISOCS software. In contrast, the conventional efficiency calibration, which needed a radioactive material, was applied to a scintillator-based thyroid monitor. Four radioiodine samples that contained $^{125}I$ and $^{131}I$ in both aqueous solution and gel forms were measured to evaluate radioactivity in the thyroid. ANSI/HPS N13.30 performance criteria, which included the relative bias, relative precision, and root-mean-squared error, were applied to evaluate the performance of the measurement system. Results and Discussion: The portable HPGe detector could measure both radioiodines with ISOCS but the thyroid monitor could not measure $^{125}I$ because of the limited energy resolution of the NaI(Tl) scintillator. The $^{131}I$ results from both detectors agreed to within 5% with the certified results. Moreover, the $^{125}I$ results from the portable HPGe detector agreed to within 10% with the certified results. All measurement results complied with the ANSI/HPS N13.30 performance criteria. Conclusion: The results of the intercomparison program indicated the feasibility of applying ISOCS software to direct thyroid radiobioassays. The portable HPGe detector with ISOCS software can provide the convenience of efficiency calibration and higher energy resolution for identifying photopeaks, compared with a conventional thyroid monitor with a NaI(Tl) scintillator. The application of ISOCS software in a radiation emergency can improve the response in terms of internal contamination monitoring.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.131-142
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• 2007

In this paper, semi-fragile watermarking algorithm was proposed for the application to RP(Rapid Prototyping) system. In the case of the perceptual change or distortion of the original one, the prototype product will be affected from the process because the RP system requires the high precision measure. Therefore, the geometrical transformations like translation, rotation and scaling, the mesh order change and the file format change are used in the RP system because they do not change the basic shapes of the 3D models, but, the decimation and the smoothing are not used because they change the models. The proposed algorithm which is called semi-fragile watermarking is robust against to these kinds of manipulations which preserve the original shapes because it considers the limitations of the RP system, but fragile against to the other manipulations which change the original shapes. This algorithm does not change the model shapes after embedding the watermark information, that is, there is no shape difference between the original model and the watermarked model. so, it will be useful to authenticate the data integrity and hide the information in the field of mechanical engineering which requires the high precision measure.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.618-622
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• 2017

Gasoline is a widely used product as a source for energy in homes, the automotive industry, and for industrial power generation, and it is also a product with a high risk of fire and explosion. In this study, to examine the risk for explosion for gasoline, PG, MG and RG, which are categorized according to octane number, were used as test specimens to measure their explosion limit according changes in oxygen concentration. The explosion limit for 21% oxygen concentration in air were confirmed to be 1.5~10.9%, 1.4~8.1%, and 1.3~7.6%, respectively, and the MOC for each of the test sample were confirmed to be 10.9%. The explosion limit measured in the test performed in this study confirmed between a 1.2%~7.6% wider explosion limit for the currently accepted MSDS for gasoline, and therefore it is considered that the results of this study can provide significant reference for preventing fires and explosions for process used gasoline.