• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.773-776
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• 2008

The corrosion of steel in concrete is significant in marine environment. Marine bridges are readily deteriorated due to the exposure to marine environment. Salt damage is one of the most detrimental causes to concrete bridges and port structures. Especially, the splash and tidal zones around water line are comparatively important in terms of safety and life-time point of view. During the last several decades, cathodic protection (cp) has been commonly accepted as an effective technique for corrosion control in concrete structures. Zn-mesh sacrificial anode has been recently developed and started to apply to the bridge column cp in marine condition. The detailed parameters regarding Zn-mesh cp technique, however, have not well understood. This study is to investigate how much Zn-mesh cp influences along the concrete column at elevated temperature. About 100cm column specimens with eight of 10cm segment rebars have been used to measure the variation of cp potential with the distance from Zn-mesh anode at both 10$^{\circ}$C and 40$^{\circ}$C in natural seawater. The cp potential change and current diminishment along the column specimens have been discussed for the optimum design of cp by Zn-mesh sacrificial anode

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2009

This study was accomplished to examine the dyeing property and functionality of both cotton and silk fabrics dyed with clove extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dyeing property, antibiosis, and sun protection effectiveness for a clove. The study method used in this study was the experimental research to extract dyestuffs from a clove, to treat dyestuffs with a mordant, and then to measure dyeing colorfastness, antibiosis, and sun protection for dyed fabrics. As a result of the test for dyeing colorfastness, in the case of colorfastness to laundry, the degree of discoloration showed grade $1\sim4$ and the degree of pollution showed grade $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to perspiration for both cotton and silk fabrics dyed showed grade $1\sim2$ to $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to sunlight showed grade 2 to $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to rubbing showed grade $3\sim4$ to $4\sim5$. In the colorfastness to dry cleaning, the degree of discoloration showed grade $3\sim4$ and the degree of pollution showed grade $4\sim5$. As a result of the antibiosis test, for the Staphylococcus aureus, both cotton and silk showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% even after five times laundry, and for the Escherichia coli, cotton fabrics showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% only after one time laundry, but silk fabrics showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% even after five times laundry. As a result of the test for sun protection effectiveness, dyed silk fabrics showed the result more excellent than dyed cotton fabrics.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

The unseating failure of bridges, which is one of the most severe types of damage leading to the loss of transportation function, should be avoided in earthquakes. As a measure of prevention of unseating failure resulting from the failure of bearings, bearing-protection devices are frequently used. They are installed beside the bearings and protect the bearings by resisting a seismic load transmitted from the superstructure. In order to show appropriate seismic performance, the strength of anchors as well as of device bodies should be confirmed. In Korea, they have been installed only according to the design provided by device agents, because a proper design method for the anchors has not been established. In this study the performance of bearing-protection devices with various heights of concrete bed blocks has been investigated experimentally, and a proper design method has been proposed to secure seismic performance.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation exposure to the eye and thyroid in pain physicians during the fluoroscopy-guided cervical epidural block (CEB). Methods: Two pain physicians (a fellow and a professor) who regularly performed C-arm fluoroscopy-guided CEBs were included. Seven dosimeters were used to measure radiation exposure, five of which were placed on the physician (forehead, inside and outside of the thyroid protector, and inside and outside of the lead apron) and two were used as controls. Patient age, sex, height, and weight were noted, as were radiation exposure time, absorbed radiation dose, and distance from the X-ray field center to the physician. Results: One hundred CEB procedures using C-arm fluoroscopy were performed on comparable patients. Only the distance from the X-ray field center to the physician was significantly different between the two physicians (fellow: 37.5 ± 2.1 cm, professor: 41.2 ± 3.6 cm, P = 0.03). The use of lead-based protection effectively decreased the absorbed radiation dose by up to 35%. Conclusions: Although there was no difference in radiation exposure between the professor and the fellow, there was a difference in the distance from the X-ray field during the CEBs. Further, radiation exposure can be minimized if proper protection (thyroid protector, leaded apron, and eyewear) is used, even if the distance between the X-ray beam and the pain physician is small. Damage from frequent, low-dose radiation exposure is not yet fully understood. Therefore, safety measures, including lead-based protection, should always be enforced.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.197-208
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• 2014

In an information society, privacy protection is one of the most important ethical issues. In medical institutes in which personal medical information is collected and stored, in addition, a privacy breach can cause a serious damage on personal lives. This study attempted to develop privacy concern measurement tool in personal medical information to measure patients' concern on their medical information from medical service consumers' perspective and verify its validity. For this, privacy concern measurement tool in personal medical information was developed based on the results of previous studies. After performing Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) on the measurement tool, its reliability and validity were verified. It appears that the measurement tool would be useful in developing decent privacy protection policy after investigating citizens' concern on the protection of personal medical information and domains they are interested in. For medical institutes as well, they would be helpful in coming up with a reasonable plan after figuring out problems in the protection of personal medical information and current status.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Protection mechanisms for skin damage of ultraviolet (UV) absorbers in personal care products for protection against UV are well studied, but not for hair protection. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the changes of physical property produced in human hair by doses of the UV-B exposure causing protein degradation. To observe the change of physical properties in hair, the experimental intensity of UV-B exposure has been established on the basis of statistical data from official meterological administration as daily one hour sunlight exposure for two weeks. Polysilicone-15, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), and octocrylene were employed for UV-B absorber, and those were treated to hair swatch by rubbing wash through shampoo and conditioner. Bending rigidity displayed kinetically successive reduction at high doses of UV exposure up to the 8,000 s, and exhibited different level at each sample of UV-B absorber. However, the values of Bossa Nova Technologies (BNT) for shinning factor were already saturable at the 2,000 s exposure except that treated with polysilicone-15. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure a strength of inner protein produces a successive reduction of enthalpy as like a reduction of bending rigidity upon UV exposure. Surface roughness from lateral force microscope (LFM) acquired immediately after UV exposure show a saturable frictional voltage which has been also found in a saturable BNT data as the time of UV exposure increases. Through researching the DSC and the LFM, shinning of hair was much correlated to the protein damage at the surface, and bending rigidity could be regulated by the protein structural damage inside hair. Therefore, the optimization of efficient strategy for simultaneous prevention of hair protein on the surface and internal hair was required to maintain physical properties against UV.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.77-80
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• 2010

The spectroscopy toolkit has been developed and tested. The toolkit consists of a CsI(Tl)/PIN diode detector, integrated electronics, and a multi.channel.analyzer and its size was 40 cm(width) by 20 cm(length) by 6 cm(high). It is compact, very portable and simpler and cheaper compared to the conventional spectroscopy system. The gamma energy resolutions of the toolkit were 7.9% for the 660 keV of $^{137}Cs$ and 4.9% for 1,332 keV of $^{60}Co$ respectively. The linearity for gamma energies was good. When the energy spectrum of a ceramic sample containing $^{232}Th$ was measured with the spectroscopy toolkit for 20 minutes, there were significant peaks of the heavy metal. These results show that the resolution of the spectroscopy toolkit is sufficient to accumulate a quality spectrum in a few minutes by using weak, encapsulated commercial sources. Furthermore a toolkit experiment that how to measure energy spectra using the toolkit, and how to identify specific isotopes in a pottery piece, could be widely adopted for education and even for more sophisticated and higher level experiments.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.187-204
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• 2013

In this study, we developed a comprehensive model to measure the National Information Security Level based on PRM framework. The proposed model reflected a rapidly changing technology environments such as social network service, mobile devices, and etc. This new model consists of three layers:Infrastructure Layer, the Action Layer and the Performance Layer, and there are 16 sub-indexes under the 3 layers. To develop new model and sub-indexes for measuring the National Information Security Level, much amounts of documents related to security indexes or deliberation criteria and security guidelines from international organization were reviewed and then most probable index pool were composed. The Index pool were verified by expert group consisting of professors and specialists. Through five times of screening and having an evaluation review, 16 sub-indexes were deduced and then Delphi and AHP have been conducted to obtain validity and objectiveness of the indexes. Thus the new proposed national information security index will show more exact national information security level and we expect that the indexes give much implications for establishing information protection policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

There is often confliction between conservation for protected ecosystem assets and development for various stakeholders at wetland protection areas. The concept of Ecosystem Services can be an alternative solution for the conflicts. This paper attempted to measure and evaluate cultural ecosystem services according to the index evaluation approach. For the evaluation, the paper suggested five indicators of ecosystem cultural services including: inspiration, landscape aesthetics, education, eco-tourism, and heritage. The developed indices of cultural services in this study can be also utilized as a policy support tool for conservation of the wetland protected areas. The result illustrates the ranking and correlation of each indicator of ecosystem cultural services and suggestions for useful means of management policy in wetland protected areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.463-470
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• 2002

Environmental protection and precaution are the most frequently considered issues in the recent research fields for our present and future surroundings. However, it seems that these environmental issues were less reflected in local-level development plans, and caused several cases of environmental pollution, therefore it became a major concern of local governments and the communities. The role of a 'Local EIA(Environment Impact Assessment)' can be a core issue for the positive preferences of the local-level development plans. Cases of Local EIA in Germany which have been implied successfully are reviewed to generate a local EIA movement and to produce a guideline for Korean local governments. The local EIA in Germany was broadly commenced in the middle of 1980s, and a decade later it was carried out for over 200 of local governments. To produce a better suggestion for Korean local EIA, comparison and analysis of detail data of the German local EIA was carried out, and tested for fourteen cities in Korea based on five categories: i) assessment subject, ii) assessment procedure, iii) main office for assessment, iv) assessment factor and v) assessment standard. Prior suggestions for greater preference of local EIA in Korea are: it is necessary that I) launch of a support system in central government to help the movement of local government; Ⅱ) a knowledge-based expert group in local government which has by all means of exclusive responsibility far any action(new application or performance of local EIA) : 111) establishment of 'environmental protection measure' in local government level for environmental precaution based on individual environmental character and values in their communities.