• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2011

Protected vegetable production area is greater than 26% of the total vegetable production area in Korea, and portion of protected production area is increasing for flowers and fruits. To secure stable productivity and profitability, continuous and intensive monitoring and control of protected crop production environment is critical, which is labor- and time-consuming. Failure to maintain proper environmental conditions (e.g., light, temperature, humidity) leads to significant damage to crop growth and quality, therefore farmers should visit or be present close to the production area. To overcome these problems, application of remote monitoring and control of crop production environment has been increasing. Wireless monitoring and control systems have used CDMA, internet, and smart phone communications. Levels of technology adoption are different for farmers' needs for their cropping systems. In this paper, potential of wireless remote monitoring of protected agricultural environment using CDMA SMS text messages was reported. Monitoring variables were outside weather (precipitation, wind direction and velocity, temperature, and humidity), inside ambient condition (temperature, humidity, $CO_2$ level, and light intensity), irrigation status (irrigation flow rate and pressure), and soil condition (volumetric water content and matric potential). Scenarios and data formats for environment monitoring were devised, tested, and compared. Results of this study would provide useful information for adoption of wireless remote monitoring techniques by farmers.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.747-752
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• 2011

Wireless technology has enabled farmers monitor and control protected production environment more efficiently. Utilization of USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) devices also brought benefits due to reduced wiring and central data handling requirements. However, wireless communication loses signal under unfavorable conditions (e.g., blocked signal path, low signal intensity). In this paper, performance of commercial wireless communication devices were evaluated for application to protected crop production. Two different models of wireless communication devices were tested. Sensors used in the study were weather units installed outside and top of a greenhouse (wind velocity and direction, precipitation, temperature and humidity), inside ambient condition units (temperature, humidity, $CO_2$, and light intensity), and irrigation status units (irrigation flow and pressure, and soil water content). Performance of wireless communication was evaluated with and without crop. For a 2.4 GHz device, communication distance was decreased by about 10% when crops were present between the transmitting and receiving antennas installed on the ground, and the best performance was obtained when the antennas were installed 2 m above the crop canopy. When tested in a greenhouse, center of a greenhouse was chosen as the location of receiving antenna. The results would provide information useful for implementation of wireless environment monitoring system for protected crop production using USN devices.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate light intensity and uniformity of two SMD (surface-mount device) type LEDs for protected crop production. A low-power (0.1 W) and a high-power (1 W) LEDs were selected and the intensity and uniformity was evaluated at different vertical (height) and horizontal (distance) intervals. When the horizontal interval of the LED bar was fixed, the light intensity increased and the uniformity decreased as the height decreased. At the 30~40 cm heights, 20~30% of the area showed $200{\pm}20{\mu}molm^{-2}s^{-1}$. As the horizontal distance of the LED bars increased, while the uniformity increased as well, the light intensity decreased. At the distances of 6~10 cm, 17~23% of the area showed $200{\pm}20{\mu}molm^{-2}s^{-1}$. When the LED bars were added to the sides, the light intensity and uniformity were generally improved. Results showed that the light intensity and uniformity depended on the height and interval of the LED bulbs; therefore, optimum arrangement for the crops interested should be determined through experiments.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1990

The above results indicate that vegetable crop production using vinyl houses continously increases. However, technical support and facility improvement are still insufficent to establish a full production system. In order to improve the cultural environment in facilities for better vegetable culture, several facters should be considered. 1. Facility design and arrangement should be made to improve micro-environments for crop growth and development because direction of facility and covering materials can affect the amount of light trasmitted into vinyl houses. 2. Cultivation of several leading varieties in each crop may not provide stable production and profit especially under undesirable environmental conditions. Thus, it is required to grow not only leading varieties but also other cultivars to decrease the economic losses. 3. Crops should be carefully managed when planted in early season not to experience low temperatures which induce growth retards. Early season cultivation requires proper selection of cultivars which are resistant to low temperture. 4. Active control of micro-environment in facilities should be made via improving the ventilation and irrigation systems.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.753-759
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• 2011

Protected crop production has been popular in Korea as well as in other countries. Intensive and continuous monitoring and control of the environment, which is labor- and time-consuming, is critical for stable crop productivity and profitability, otherwise damage could be happened due to unfavorable ambient and soil conditions. In the study, potential utilization of smartphone and remote access application in protected crop production environment was investigated. Tested available remote access applications provided functions of mouse click (left and right buttons), zooming in and out, and screen size and color resolution control. Wi-Fi data communication speeds were affected by signal intensity and user place. Data speeds at high (> -55 dBm), medium (-70~-56 dBm), and low (< -71 dBm) signal intensity levels were statistically different (${\alpha}=0.05$). Means of data communication speed were 6.642, 4.923, and 2.906 Mbps at hot spot, home, and office, respectively, and the differences were significant at a 0.05 level. Smart phone and remote access application were applied successfully to remote monitoring (inside temperature and humidity, and outside precipitation, temperature, and humidity) and control (window and light on/off) of green house environment. Response times for monitoring and control were less than 1 s at all places for high signal intensity (> -55 dBm), but they were increased to 1 ~ 10 s at home and office and to 10 ~ 30 s at hot spot for low signal intensity (< -71 dBm) for Wi-Fi. Results of the study would provide useful information for farmers to apply these techniques for their crop production.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi was investigated to check its modulatory effects on the activation of macrophages upon inflammatory conditions treatment. For this purpose, we examined several inflammatory responses such as nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytoprotection and phagocytosis under the treatment of methanol extract from P. lobata (Pl-ME). Pl-ME dose-dependently blocked NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated RAW264.7 cells but not sodium prusside (SNP)-generated NO release. The NO inhibition seemed to be due to blocking inducible NO synthase (iNOS), since Pl-ME suppressed its expression in a NF-${\kappa}B$-independent manner. Similarly, this extract also effectively protected RAW264.7 cells from LPS-induced cytotoxicity. However, Pl-ME did not block ROS generation and rather it enhanced. Finally, this extract negatively modulated FITC-dextran uptake. Therefore, our data suggested that Pl-ME may be involved in negatively regulating some macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses such as NO production and phagocytic uptake.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권4호
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• pp.618-627
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• 2019

최근 멧돼지와 같은 야생동물에 의한 작물 및 시설물 피해가 매우 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 이 연구는 산악형 국립공원 인근 산촌주민들의 야생동물로 인한 농작물 및 임산물 피해액을 추정하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2016년 4월과 6월에 지리산 국립공원과 인접한 구례군 토지면에 위치하는 6개 산촌마을을 조사하였고, 84가구로부터 얻은 자료를 토대로 분석하였다. 2015년 기준, 84가구의 야생동물에 의한 농작물 및 임산물 피해 추정액은 총 1억 3,863만원이었고, 가구당 연평균 165만원의 피해를 입었다. 이 중 야생동물에 의한 피해액이 가장 큰 것은 밤, 고사리, 돌배, 복숭아, 감자 등의 순이었으나, 단위면적당 피해액이 가장 큰 것은 고구마, 복숭아, 옥수수, 감자 등의 농작물이었다. 구례군 전체 농작물 및 임산물 생산지의 잠재적인 야생동물 피해액은 연간 약 40억 원으로 추정되었고, 구례군의 야생동물 피해 보상을 위한 연평균 예산액은 피해액의 0.9%에 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 잠재적인 야생동물 피해에 대비하여 피해보상제도의 실효성을 높이기 위해서는 지자체의 재정자립도와 야생동물 피해의 책임을 고려하여 국가가 재정을 지원해야 함을 시사한다. 또한 산촌의 지속가능성을 위한 안정적인 작물 생산을 위해서는 형평성을 고려한 보상정책을 개발하고, 야생동물 피해예방시설의 효과성과 예방 지원 정책을 개선해야 한다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2001

2000년 말 현재 전국 시설 재배면적은 52,189 ha이고 이중 가온 재배면적은 13,621 ha이다. 난방비용이 경영비중 차지하는 비중이 시설재배의 선진국의 15%에 비하여 25~30%을 차지하고 있어 난방비의 비중이 높다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 가온시 시설의 난방공간을 최소화 할 수 있는 장치를 개발하여 처리별 환경 및 작물의 생육상태 및 연료소비량을 조사하였다. 시설내 난방용적을 보면 관행커튼이 661.5m$^3$에 비하여 상하이동 수평커튼은 264m$^3$로 약 60%을 줄일 수 있다. 시설억제 재배에 있어서 처리별 연료 소비량은 관행에 비하여 상하이동 커튼 설치시 28%, 그리고 반촉성 재배시에는 56%의 연료 절감의 효과가 있었고 추가로 시설내 온도 분포와 상대습도가 균일하였다. 상하이동 커튼구가 관행에 비하여 고추의 개화시기가 빨랐고 수확량도 증가하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.432-437
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 '설향' 딸기를 두 작기(2020-2021년, 2021-2022년)에 걸쳐 재배하면서 외부 광환경과 생육도일온도가 작물 생산량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2년 동안 온실 내 환경 관리, 양액 관리 등은 동일하게 하였다. 재배기간 중 주간의 온실 온습도는 두 작기에서 유사하게 관리되었고, 야간의 온습도는 통계적으로 차이가 있었으나 작물 생육 범위를 벗어나지 않았다. 일사량은 9월과 10월에 첫번째 작기의 일평균 일사량이 많아 누적일사량도 많았으며, 11월부터는 2월까지는 두 번째 작기의 일사량, 3월에는 다시 첫번째 작기의 일사량이 많은 것으로 나타나 1월부터의 누적일사량은 두 번째 작기에서 많은 것으로 나타났다. 딸기의 최적 일장 조건인 8시간 이상의 일장이 나타난 일은 두 작기 간 큰 차이가 없었고, 변화 양상은 누적일사량의 변화와 유사하게 나타났다. 누적일사량과 생육도일온도는 상관관계가 커 생육도일온도가 딸기의 생산량과 당도에 미치는 영향을 조사해 본 결과의 초기의 누적일사량과 생육도일온도가 적었던 두 번째 작기에서 초기 수확량은 적었으나 누적일사량 및 생육도일온도가 증가함에 따라 후기에 수확량이 첫번째 작기보다 많았으며 잠재적 최대 생산량도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 당도는 생육도일온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 이는 촉성딸기의 특성으로 판단된다. 추후 연구를 통해 단순 수확량뿐만 아니라 작물 생육, 꽃눈분화 및 출뢰시기를 조사, 분석하여 생육도일온도가 작물 생육에 미치는 영향을 다각도로 분석하는 연구도 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2008

S. barbata의 열수 추출물 (Sb-HWE)은 대표적인 염증과정인 LPS에 의해 활성화된 대식세포로 부터의 NO생성, LPS 매개에 의한 세포사멸작용, 및 FITC-dextran의 대식세포내 탐식작용을 매우 효과적으로 억제하였다. 그러나 본 추출물은 SNP로 유도된 라디칼 소거능은 매우 미약한 것으로 나타났다. NF-${\kappa}B$-매개에 의한 루시퍼라제 활성, 및 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성 관련 신호전달 단백질 (Akt 및 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$)에 대한 저해작용은 관찰되지 않은 것으로 보아 이들 추출물의 대식세포 면역반응 조절 기전은 기존의 알려진 방법과는 다른 기전에 의해 진행되는 것으로 판단된다.