• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.993-997
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the structure and composition (i.e., pH, moisture, total-N, pathogens, and volatile fatty acids) of broiler and duck manure treated with larvae of three insect larvae, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer. Hatched Tenebrio molitor (n=300), Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and Ptecticus tenebrifer (n=300) were used in this study; specially, the larvae were divided into six treatments with three replicates. The treatments were as follows: T1: 110 g broiler manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T2: 110 g duck manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T3: 125 g broiler manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T4: 125 g duck manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T5: 105 g broiler manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50), and T6: 105 g duck manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50). For all the larval treatments, the following results were observed: The moisture content of the duck manure treat with three insect larvae was higher than that of the broiler manure (p<0.05), whereas broiler manure had a higher pH (p<0.05). In addition, the total nitrogen content of broiler manure was higher than that of duck manure (p<0.05). However, the insect larvae did not significantly affect pathogens (E.coli and Salmonella) and the volatile fatty acids (p>0.05). In conclusion, the use of the three insect larvae to create organic nitrogen compost using poultry manure is feasible.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.989-992
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of larval stages of three species, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae, in degrading poultry manure, specially, broiler and duck manure. The survival rates of larvae were also noted. For the experiment, T. molitor (n=300), P. brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and P. tenebrifer (n=300) hatched larvae were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates. The degaradation efficacy tests were then performed for 30 days in a laboratory. The test groups were as follows: T1, 110 g broiler manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T2, 110 g duck manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T3, 125 g broiler manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T4, 125 g duck manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T5, 105 g broiler manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50); and T6, 105 g duck manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50). The groups showed significant efficacy in degrading broiler and duck manure (p<0.05). The highest survival rates were recorded for T. molitor larvae in both manure types [T1 (92.67%) and T2 (50%)], followed by P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (T4, 40%) and P. tenebrifer larvae (T6, 14.67%) in duck manure. Next, the survival rates of P. brevitarsis seulensis (T3) and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (T5) in broiler manure were 0%. In conclusion, these results point to the feasibility of using insect larvae to degrade broiler and duck manure.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) is widely used in Korea, as a protein-rich, alternate, functional food with pharmacological benefits. In addition to anti-oxidant properties, the larvae of P. b. seulensis also show positive effects against hepatic disorder and diabetes; therefore, P. b. seulensis larvae are being reared on a large scale in Korea. We evaluated reared larvae of P. b. seulensis from Gyeong-gi in Korea. Using 16SrRNA PCR, electro-microscopy, and bioassay techniques, we found that the larvae harbored Spo-1, a bacterium identified as the insect pathogen Serratia marcescens. Therefore, we highlight the use of this insect as an alternate food and the need for its sanitary rearing conditions, as contamination may affect public health.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2015

To investigate whether Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) acts as an opportunistic bacterium in peroral infection, the primary entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) and Paenibacillus popilliae (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) were added to sawdust to perform a bioassay experiment. We found that peroral infection caused by S. marcescens could be fatal beyond a concentration of $4{\times}10^8pfu/mL$ in $2^{nd}$ stage P. b. seulensis larvae and at $6{\times}10^8pfu/mL$ in $3^{rd}$ stage P. b. seulensis larvae. In particular, mortality resulting from a combination of P. popilliae and S. marcescens was markedly increased in $2^{nd}$ stage P. b. seulensis larvae. Therefore, we confirmed that mortality was increased when S. marcescens was infected together with other entomopathogenic bacteria, and that peroral infection itself can be fatal beyond certain concentrations.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larva is well-known as an edible insect. The present study aimed to explore the immune-enhancing effect of 30% ethanol extract of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (PBE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. PBE were not cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells and nitric oxide production increased on PBE treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PBE significantly promoted the expression of immune-related mediators (Inos and COX-2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and the phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, p38, and JNK). Taken together, the immune-enhancing effects of 30% ethanol extract of PBE in vitro were identified. These findings can be used as data for the development of edible insect-based functional foods that improve immune function.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.789-792
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• 2020

The present study was investigated the oviposition characteristics of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis with a focus on winter larvae to improve the utilization of insect resources. The average oviposition tendency and average cumulative number of eggs laid during a 7-week period were measured in adults emerging from larvae that had hibernated for 4 months in five farmhouses. The study covered five zones: Gimje, Jangsu, Wanju, Iksan and Yeoju. The average oviposition tendency over a 7-week period showed increased egg laying between 2 to 3 weeks and 5 to 6 weeks. Overall, it was found that the average cumulative number of eggs laid during the 7-week period was initially low and increased proportionally with time. Our results suggest that using adults that have emerged from hibernated larvae is effective in increasing the oviposition rate and utilization of the insect.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.939-941
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effect of four different feeds on the larval weight and survival rate of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PBS) over five weeks. Four different types of feed (self-fermentation medium, RM medium, Samsung livestock medium, and bean-curd dregs medium) were given to third-instar larvae of PBS. Weight changes and survival rates of PBS larvae were measured weekly for five weeks. During the experimental period PBS larvae showed the highest growth in Samsung livestock medium, followed by bean-curd dregs medium, RM medium, and self-fermentation medium. Survival rate of PBS larvae were the lowest in bean-curd dregs medium, and then in the Samsung livestock medium. Using the Samsung livestock medium can shorten the delivery period of PBS larvae by approximately 40 days based on the larva shipped on average 75 days. Therefore, this study provides information and data on insect farming techniques useful for insect industrialization.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.785-788
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• 2020

We investigated the oviposition characteristics of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, focusing on zone breeding throughout the year in terms of the development and utilization of insect resources. To select Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis individuals laying a large number of eggs, the number of eggs laid for each individual was measured for each individual after emergence as adults from larvae grown at room temperature in five farmhouses. The five study zone included Gongju (Tancheon), Gyeonggi (Himsen), Chungnam (Gyeryong), Taean (Wonbuk), and Siheung (Baekse). The average oviposition tendency during a 12-week period obtained from the five regions was somewhat different; however, there was no remarkable difference in overall tendency. The maximum oviposition in Protaetia brevitarsisseulensis in the five regions occurred between 6 and 7 weeks. Compared toother regions, the average cumulative number of eggs laid during the 12-week period was higher (40%-60%) in Gongju (Tancheon) and Gyeonggi (Himsen). These results indicate that in two regions, zone breeding is selected as a system for increasing the demand for insects.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.827-834
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• 2018

본 연구는 유용 미생물을 이용하여 흰점박이 꽃무지 유충을 발효시킨 분말을 수용성, 에탄올, 메탄올 용매별 추출하여 항산화 등의 실험에 임하였다. 발효 균주로는 3종의 유산균 Lactobacillus plantarum JBMI F3, Lactobacillus plantarum JBMI F5, Lactobacullus gasseri Ba9, 1종의 곰팡이 Aspergillus kawachii KCCM 32819, 1종의 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KACC 93023, 1 종의 바실러스 Bacillus subtilis KACC 91157 총 6종의 유용 미생물 균주를 사용하였다. 발효 굼벵이 분말 추출물의 유효성분(총 페놀 함량 및 플라보노이드 함량)과 생리 활성 효능(DPPH 자유 라디칼 소거 활성, 환원력 실험, 혈전용해능, ${\alpha}-amylase$ 활성)을 비교 검토하였다. 총 페놀 함량 및 플라보노이드 함량은 바실러스 균주 발효 굼벵이 분말의 수용성 추출물에서 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위해 DPPH 자유 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력 실험을 수행한 결과, 비발효군 보다 발효군에서 우수한 항산화능을 보였고, 그 중 바실러스 균주를 이용한 발효 추출물이 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다. 혈전 용해능에서 또한, 바실러스 균주 발효 굼벵이 추출물에서 우수한 혈전 용해능을 확인였고, 효소-기질 분해능 실험의 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 활성은 비발효군보다 발효군에서 높은 효과를 확인하였으나 발효균주간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 따라서, 유용 미생물을 이용한 발효 굼벵이 추출물의 유용성분 및 생리활성이 강화됨을 확인하였고, 이는 건강 식품 소재로의 이용 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

곤충의 면역반응에 대한 연구는 곤충 체내 침입한 미생물들과 직접 반응하는 기작들을 중심으로 연구되었다. 그러나 미생물들이 곤충 체내에 침입 한 후 발생되는 다양한 미생물 분비물질에 의한 곤충 면역반응의 시작여부 등에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이를 위하여 흰점박이 꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis) 유충의 장내에 존재하는 공생균과 체외 병원균을 동일한 조건에서 배양 하고 다양한 분비물질들이 존재 할 거라 예상되는 배양액만을 분리, 유충에 주사하여 면역반응 여부를 조사하였다. 공생균 배양액을 주입한 유충들은 비교적 건강하고 면역반응도 발생하지 않았으나 병원균 배양액을 주입한 유충의 경우 150시간 후 60% 이상 사망하였고 주사된 자리도 짙은 갈색의 멜라닌화가 관찰 되었다. 이러한 면역반응은 과립혈구세포의 리소좀(Lysosomes) 활성화 여부로 재확인 하였다. 병원균 배양액이 주입된 유충들의 경우 12시간 후 리소좀이 ~50% 이상 활성화 되었으나 공생균 배양액이 주입된 유충들의 경우 ~5% 미만으로 활성화 되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 공생균 배양액내에는 기주면역반응을 유도하는 물질들이 없거나 량이 매우 적게 존재하는 것을 추측 할 수 있었다.