• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2006

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that tailoring to women's individual beliefs and stage of cancer screening adoption increase the probability that cancer screening will ensue. To identify variables associated with cancer screening behavior, many studies for cancer screening have used the Transtheoretical Model(TTM). This study was carried out to identity the cognitive and behavioral factors associated with breast cancer screening by stages of change among women, forties aged. Methods: Building on the TTM constructs, we collected the data to test the association with cognitive and behavioral factors for breast cancer screening by stage of change among women, forties aged (N=232), using the self-reported questionnaire. The stages of change were grouped according to screening participation and intention for breast cancer as precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. We found out the association between breast cancer screening and cognitive and behavioral factors, and testified the difference between stages of change by chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple comparison analysis(Duncan test). Results: Analyses of 232 women showed that participation on mammography was 68.1% within lifetime and 46.1% within last 2 years, and we found out the association with breast cancer screening participation, intention and cognitive-behavioral factors. The stages of change based on participation and intention were different from the decisional balance, the screening attitude, and the self-efficacy(p<0.01). The decisional balance was differ from stages of change because the difference on opinions about pros(positives) and cons(negative) were likely to significant by stages of change(p<0.05, p<0.01). Conclusion: To increase the screening rate for breast cancer, it should be developed the tailored message and recommend guideline. And the tailored message should be designed to increase the pros of breast cancer screening(mammography) and to decrease the cons, and considered the woman's stage of adoption.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a tailored program based on the Transtheoretical Model to smoking cessation in high school girls. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. The participants were 35 industrial high school girls who have been smoking. The girls were allocated to an experimental group(18) and a control group(17) by randomization. For intervention, the experimental group received the group smoking cessation program and individual program which tailored according to the stage of change. A common group smoking cessation program was given to the control group. Data were collected before the program, immediately after and 4 weeks after the program was completed and were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA. Result: In the experimental group, the daily smoking amount, nicotine dependency and decisional balance(Pros) score were significantly decreased and the self-efficacy score were significantly increased at one month after the intervention in comparison with before and immediately after it. The decisional balance(Cons) and processes of change score of the experimental group were significantly increased at immediately after the intervention and one month after it in comparison with before it, and at one month after it in comparison with immediately after it. A significant difference in the daily smoking amount, urine cotinine, nicotine dependency, decisional balance(Pros, Cons) and processes of change score between the both groups was found after one month of intervention. Conclusions: The tailored smoking cessation program was more effective, compared to the common smoking cessation program on smoking behavior, self-efficacy, decisional balance, processes of change. This program can be used for favorable changes in high school girl's smoking behavior.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.120-133
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• 2015

Due to increasing impervious surfaces resulting from urbanization and industrialization which are directly linked to urban inundation and non-point pollutants runoff, there is a need to manage them systematically. A management over urban impervious surfaces calls for pervious/impervious maps, which enable viewing the distribution of impervious surfaces. Nevertheless, relevant data are absent as now. In this respect, despite the diversity of proposed methods, pilot implementation and accuracy verification have never been conducted. Therefore, this study is aimed to produce a pilot pervious/impervious map based on previously proposed methods and to elucidate its pros and cons with a view to proposing a method for producing a GIS-based optimal pervious/impervious map. Following previously proposed methods, a pervious/impervious map of Bupyeong-gu, Incheon was produced. Then, a method of producing optimal pervious/impervious maps applicable to urban areas was proposed through the comparison of pros and cons of relevant spatial data. As a result, the map had been confirmed 99.2% of classification accuracy. Based on the present findings, future studies should establish a standardized method for producing. Also, this method should be used to produce pervious/impervious maps of other regions so that it can be applied to managing impervious surfaces in major urban areas nationwide.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2005

The importance of classes aiming at enhancing students ability in problem solving and decision making has been being recognized as chances of individual citizen for taking part in social decision making processes. This study was intended to find whether teachers' opinion presentation have effects on students' decision making in a class introducing environmental issues. Total of 6 classes, 202 middle school students have participated in a series of experiments including 4 different environmental issues. Only two issues had been addresses in classes as experimental issues and other two issues not addressed as control issues. For each of the two experimental issues, the teacher researcher applied three different approaches to his students that included positive, negative, or no opinion. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the results showed that students changed their decisions on environmental issues more frequently when dealing with those issues in a class than when not dealing with them. Second, as examining the relationship between patterns in which students make decisions and whether a teacher proposed his opinions or not, it is shown that the rates of students whose opinions is not changed nearly have no difference, while when teachers propose their opinions, it is shown that students who haven't yet chosen their positions easily make their decisions into pros or cons, compared with the opposite case. Third, the results of this study partly supported the third hypothesis that teachers opinion presentation would effect on decision-making of students. It was found that there has been a significant effect in the case of car free day system issue, but no statistically meaningful result in the case of no pets in the national park issue. However, in the issue of car free day system, it seems pretty clear that the students followed the direction of teachers' opinion no matter what it was pros or cons.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.491-498
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• 1997

지리 정보 시스템((Geograghic Information System:GIS)은 컴퓨터 능력의 향상 으로 제한된 분야에서 일반적인 분야의 업무에 확대 적용되고 있다. 우편 종합 정보 서비스의 일환으로 개발된 우편 경로 최적화 시스템((PROS:Postal Route Optimization System)은 우편 배달의 경로를 빠른 시간에 제공할 수 있도록 최단 경로 생성기, 등거리 생성기, 경로 재배치 생성기, 생성기들의 기반이 되는 GIS 엔진, 도로 지도 그리고 관련 데이터베이스 등으로 구성하였다. 본 논문은 경로 최적화 시스템 모델에 적용한 최단 경로 생성 알고리즘(SPAWD;Shortest Path Algorithm With Direction)에 대한 것으로 기존의 최단 경로 생성 방법과 달리 시작점과 도착점간의 도로들에 대하여 방향성을 부여하여, 최종 목적지를 빠른 시간에 결정하여 주는 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 또 한 기존에 발표된 최단 경로 생성 알고리즘에 대하여 비교 및 분 석하고, 추후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. Methods: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.64, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=3.75, p=.007) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.611-623
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate a reducing alcohol intervention program for workers. Method: The intervention program employed one-group pretest-post-test design with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The program was developed from literature review based on the Transtheoretical Model, and evaluated from April 6 to June 22, 2006. Sixteen white collar male workers participated. At the beginning, the subjects were at the pre-contemplation stage (50%) and contemplation stage (50%). The intervention was applied personally or in group twice a week for 9 weeks. Results: The scores of each stage of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The scores of process (cognitive and behavioral) of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The score of self-efficacy of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The score of pros-cons for drinking in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The consumption of alcohol a week and a day in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The levels in ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, B.P. and BMI in the post-test did not decrease significantly compared with those in the pretest, but the level of FBS decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. Conclusion: The above result informs us that a stage-based reducing alcohol intervention program for workers has the effect of increasing the stages of change, the process of change (cognitive and behavioral) and self-efficacy, and decreasing pros-cons for drinking alcohol consumption and FBS, and it also has a value as an effective means of nursing for workers.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2019

본 연구는 직장인들의 졸혼 찬반 여부에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 충남지역에서 근무하는 직장인 288명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 주요 변인 간의 상관분석을 수행하였으며, 졸혼 찬반 여부에 따른 희망, 성장 마인드셋, 조직소통의 차이점을 분석하기 위해 판별분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상관분석 결과 희망, 성장 마인드셋 및 조직소통은 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 판별 분석 결과, 연령이 낮을수록, 미혼자인 경우, 희망이 낮을수록, 조직소통이 낮을수록 졸혼에 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기혼자의 경우 졸혼 찬반 집단 간 주요 변수의 차이가 없었으나, 미혼자의 경우 조직소통이 낮을수록 졸혼에 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 본 연구의 제한점과 추후 졸혼을 연구하기 위한 이론적 기반을 마련하는데 의의가 있음을 밝혔다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.92-102
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the masticatory function of patients with different temporomandibular disorders (TMD) phenotypes, and to explore the risk factors for the masticatory function of TMD patients among multiple biopsychosocial variables using patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Methods: Clinical features and TMD diagnoses of 250 cases were investigated by reviewing medical records. Psychosocial factors were evaluated using four questionnaires representing pain severity and pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS), psychological distress (Symptom Check List-90-Revised, SCL-90R) and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders, TSK-TMD). Masticatory function, as a dependent variable, was determined using the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS). Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's rank correlation were used for analyses. Results: A total of 145 cases were included and classified into four subgroups including group 1: TMD with internal derangement without pain (n=14), group 2: TMD with muscle pain (n=32), group 3: TMD with joint pain (n=60) and group 4: TMD with muscle-joint combined pain (n=39). Pain severity (p=0.001) and interference (p=0.022) were the highest in group 2, but the mean global score of JFLS was the highest in group 3, followed by group 4, group 2, and group 1 (p=0.013). Pain severity, pain interference, the mean global score of PCS and the mean global score of TSK-TMD showed significant and moderate correlation with the mean global score of JFLS. All subdimensions and the global severity index of SCL-90R had significant, but weak correlations with all scores of JFLS. Conclusions: The results suggest that masticatory functional limitation depends on the TMD phenotypes. Among the various PROs, pain perception, pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia seem to be more influential risk factors on jaw function than psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1993

1989년 10월부터 실시되고 있는 약국의료보험과 의약분업제도에 관한 태도를 조사하기 위하여 대구시내 개원의사 및 재국약사를 계통적 표본추출법(systematic sampling)에 의한 표본을 선정하여 우편설문지법으로 1992년 4월 20일부터 5월 20일까지 조사하여 회신된 개원의사 184명, 개국약사 157명의 설문지를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 현재 시행중인 약국의료보험의 성과에 대해 개원의사는 71.2%가 '실패적'이라고 한 반면 개원약사는 13.4%가 '실패적'이라고 하였다. 개원의사의 50%는 약국의료보험을 폐지하고 의약분업을 도입해야 한다고 한 반면, 개국약사는 66.9%가 의약분업제도와는 관계없이 약국의료보험자체만으로도 성공적인 제도라고 하였다. 개국약사의 약국 1일 평균조제건수는 32.2회였으며, 약국의료보험 이용횟수는 6.2회로 조제건수의 20%에 불과했고, 의사처방전을 지참한 약국의료보험이용횟수는 조제건수의 0.7%였다. 그리고 개원의사의 원외처방전 발행경험자는 58.7%였다. 의약분업제도의 실시에 대해 개원의사는 59.2%가 찬성하였으며 27.7%가 반대하였으나 재국약사는 38.0%가 찬성, 45.5%가 반대 하였다. 그리고 약사가 의사보다 의약분업의 내용을 더 많이 안다고 하였다. 의약분업제도 실시의 찬성자중 찬성이유로 개원의사는 '의약품의 남오용 방지' (54.1%)를 많이 지적한 반면 개국약사는 '의사와 약사의 전문직능 발휘'(62.0%)를 많이 제기하였다. 그리고 분업찬성자에서 개원의사는 52.3%가 '완전강제분업'을 원한 반면, 개국약사는 81.7%가 '부분분업'을 원하였다. 의약분업제도 실시시에 처방전의 발행 방법에 대해서는 개원의사와 개국약사 모두 '일반명' 처방을 44.0%, 89.8%로 가장 많이 원하였고 개원의사에서는 '상품명' 처방도 35.3%나 차지하였다. 의약분업제도의 실시가 이루어지지 않은 이유에 대해 개원의사 및 개국약사 모두 '의사 약사단체 상호간의 업권문제'를 가장 많이 지적했으며 '국민들의 인식 및 관심 부족' '정부의 의지력 결여' 순으로 일치된 결과로 나타났다. 의약분업실시를 위한 선결조건으로는 '의료시설과 약국의 도시 농촌간의 균등분포'를 가장 많이 지적하였으며 의사는 '약사들의 수용태세 확립', 약사는 '의사의 수용태세 확립'을 그 다음으로 지적해 서로 상반된 결과가 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 첫째, 조사대상 개원의사들은 현행 약국의료보험제도에 대해 부정적 견해를 보인 반면 개국약사들은 긍정적 견해를 보였으나 약국의료보험이용은 극히 저조하고 의사의 처방전 발행도 저조한 실정이다. 이에 약국의료보험제도에서 의약분업제도로의 제도적 전환이 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 둘째, 의사와 약사의 의약분업에 대한 의견이 상이한 점으로 미루어 유추할 수 있지만 의약분업제도 실시의 장애요인으로 의 약사단체 상호간의 업권문제와 의약사간의 갈등이 지적되는 바, 이들 모두를 만족 할 대안을 선택하는 것이 쉬운일 아닐 것이므로 국민의 건강보호차원에서 정부의 중립적 의지가 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다.