• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate basic data on the recognition of rehabilitation robots and self-efficacy through general characteristics of students in the department of physical therapy. Methods: This study surveyed 100 students in the Department of Physical Therapy at E University in Seongnam using Google Form, an online survey tool. The questionnaire consisted of 64 questions including 15 questions on general characteristics, 13 questions regarding recognition of rehabilitative robots, and 36 questions about self-efficacy. General self-efficacy consisted of three sub-factors: confidence, self-regulation efficacy, and task difficulty preference. Results: The recognition of rehabilitative robots according to general characteristics showed significant differences in age, level of education, and experience in searching rehabilitative robots; according to general characteristics, self-efficacy showed significant differences dependent on age and gender (p < 0.05). In addition, recognition of rehabilitation robots for students in the Department of Physical Therapy was found to have a significant effect on robot use self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences in the scores of rehabilitation robot recognition and self-efficacy according to the general characteristics of students in the Department of Physical Therapy. For such reasons, it is important for students to have an opportunity to get educated on rehabilitation robots; in order to achieve this goal, domestic studies on rehabilitation robots must be actively conducted. The technological development of rehabilitation robots and the establishment of a system for domestic rehabilitation robots from both social and legal standpoints were found to be necessary based on a volume of domestic research.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of tele-physical therapy of health and non-health majors. It can provide basic research data for the provision of medical services in the future by identifying the level of awareness of the need for tele-physical therapy and the factors that affect it. Methods: The subjects were adults aged 20 to 29 in Korea, with 199 participants consisting of 83 health majors and 116 non-health majors. The survey was conducted over a period of 14 days. The survey comprised 19 questions, including 10 questions about general characteristics and 9 questions about tele-physical therapy recognition. The results were statistically analyzed using a statistical package program. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the recognition of tele-physical therapy, with an average of 2.64 points in health majors and an average of 1.71 points in non-health majors, showing a low overall score. There was no significant difference in perception of the necessity of tele-physical therapy, with an average of 3.71 points in health majors and an average of 3.49 points in non-health majors, showing a high score, which was defined as a score of 3 or higher. Conclusion: Health and non-health majors showed low awareness of tele-physical therapy. A high level of perceived necessity for tele-physical therapy was shown. In the perception of tele-physical therapy in health majors, 'awareness', 'health improvement', and 'convenience' affect the perception of the necessity of tele-physical therapy. In non-health majors, 'knowledge and skills', 'health improvement', 'expected treatment satisfaction', and 'resolving restrictions on hospital visits' affect the perception of the necessity of tele-physical therapy.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of McConnell taping and Kinesio taping on pain and lower extremity joint angles when patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) ascend stairs. Methods: Fifty young adults who were experiencing anterior knee pain due to PFPS were selected as participants. Then, 25 patients were randomly assigned to the McConnell taping group and 25 to the Kinesio taping group. Pain and lower extremity joint angle were measured while ascending stairs before and after the intervention. A paired t-test was performed to evaluate the amount of change in the parameter values after the intervention within the groups, and an independent t-test was used to compare the results of the groups. Results: In the within-group comparisons, a statistically significant difference was found in both groups between the anterior knee pain scale scores recorded before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was also found between the groups (p < 0.05). Comparison of the lower extremity joint angles at initial contact, loading response, terminal stance, and pre-swing within the groups showed that there were statistically significant differences in the hip, knee flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, and dorsiflexion angles in both the McConnell and Kinesio taping groups (p < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in all angles between the groups during the following events (p < 0.05): (1) at initial contact, (2) at loading response (except hip flexion angle), (3) at terminal stance (except hip flexion and lateral rotation angles), and (4) at pre-swing (except hip, knee abduction, and inversion angles). Conclusion: McConnell taping and Kinesio taping both effectively improved the occurrence of knee pain and the lower extremity joint angles during stair ascent in patients with PFPS. However, McConnell taping had a significant impact on pain reduction and lower extremity joint angles compared to Kinesio taping.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of self-sit-to-stand training on balance ability and sit-to-stand ability in hemiplegic stroke patients using a multisensory feedback device. Methods: A total of 19 stroke patients participated in this study, and they were divided into two groups: 10 underwent self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device, and 9 underwent sit-to-stand training with a physical therapist. In both groups, sit-to-stand training was performed for 30 min, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The subjects also underwent physical therapy twice a day for 30 min, 10 times a week, for a total of 60 sessions. Balance ability was evaluated using the AFA-50 and Berg Balance Scale. Sit-to-stand ability was evaluated using the five times sit-to-stand test. Results: Sway length, pressure, and total pressure all significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. The Berg Balance Scale results showed that balance ability significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. The five times sit-to-stand test results showed that sit-to-stand ability significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. It was found that the self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device had a positive effect on balance control and sit-to-stand ability. When the two groups were compared, no difference in balance ability or sit-to-stand ability was observed. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device is as effective as sit-to-stand training with a physical therapist. Hence, self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device could be an effective home-based exercise protocol for hemiplegic stroke patients to improve their balance and sit-to-stand abilities.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.171-183
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare universal goniometry (UG), which is commonly used in clinical practice to measure the range of motion (ROM) of finger joints with a wearable soft sensor glove, and to analyze the reliability to determine its usefulness. Methods: Ten healthy adults (6 males, 4 females) participated in this study. The metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), interphalangeal joint (IP), and proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) of both hands were measured using UG and Mollisen HAND soft sensor gloves during active flexion, according to the American Society for Hand Therapists' measurement criteria. Measurements were taken in triplicate and averaged. The mean and standard deviation of the two methods were calculated, and the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of the measurements were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot to examine the reliability and discrepancies between the measurements. Results: The results of the mean values of the flexion angles for the active range of motion (AROM) of the finger joints showed large angular differences in the finger joints, except for the MCP of the thumb. In the inter-rater reliability analysis according to the measurement method, the ICC (2, 1) value showed a low level close to 0, and the mean difference by the Bland-Altman plot showed a value greater than 0, showing a pattern of discrepancy. The 95% LOA had a wide range of differences. Conclusion: This study is a preliminary study investigating the usefulness of the soft sensor glove, and the reliability analysis showed a low level of reliability and inconsistency. However, if future studies can overcome the limitations of this study and the technical problems of the soft sensor glove in the development stage, it is suggested that the measurement instrument can show more accurate measurement and higher reliability when measuring ROM with UG.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

Purpose: Hallux valgus (HV) is one of the most common chronic foot disorders, occurring when the first toe deviates laterally toward the other toe. HV impairs muscle strength and affects gait function (postural sway and gait speed). Thus, this study aims to investigate using the FDM system the effect of wearing braces on gait while wearing a virtual reality (VR) device. Methods: This study was conducted on 28 healthy adults with HV of 15 degrees or more. To compare differences in walking, depending on whether a toe brace can be worn, the subject walked without wearing anything, walked after wearing the VR device, and walked after wearing the VR device and the toe brace, and the FDM system was used for the gait ability measurement analysis. Results: As a result of a one-way repeated analysis of variance, the walking speed-related variables (cadence, velocity, etc.) in the HV group were higher during comfortable walking. In addition, walking while wearing a VR device and walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace demonstrated more significant values in terms of six gait parameters (double stance phase, loading response, stage, stage, stage, and stage). The maximum pressure of the forefoot was significantly reduced when walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace compared to comfortable walking, but in all variables, there was no statistically significant difference between walking while wearing a VR device and walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace. Conclusion: Orthosis with a VR device during gait (OVG) and gait with a VR device (GVR) affect gait in HV patients. However, there was no significant difference between GVR and OVG. Thus, it is necessary to conduct experiments on various HV angles and increase the duration of wearing the toe brace.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical therapy combined with a virtual reality (VR) game on pain, quality of life (QOL), engagement, and knee function in post-knee-surgery patients. Methods: Twenty-four patients who had undergone knee surgery four weeks or more before the study were recruited. Two withdrew from the study during the four-week experimental period, and a total of 22 patients were included in the final analysis. Routine physical therapy consisting of electrostimulation (10 min.) and therapeutic massage (10 min.) was the base intervention for all groups. The experimental group (n = 10) was additionally exposed to a VR game intervention, while the control group (n = 12) underwent an intervention involving similar motions as the experimental intervention but with no VR. The intervention for the experimental group used the game Rig Fit Adventure on Nintendo switch. Both groups underwent their respective interventions 3 times a week (35 min. per session) for 4 weeks. Pain was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and QOL was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Engagement was assessed using the Korea flow state scale (K-FSS). Finally, knee movement and function were assessed based on knee flexion and extension, range of motion (ROM), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: After the four-week physical therapy, both groups showed significant reductions in pain (on the NRS), increased knee ROM (flexion), better WOMAC scores, and increased EQ-5D-5L scores (p < 0.05), with the experimental group showing significantly better improvements in EQ-5D-5L and K-FSS scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that a VR-game-integrated intervention is effective for improving pain, QOL, engagement, and knee function in post-knee surgery patients and that VR-game-integrated interventions could be therapeutic alternatives for patients bedridden for prolonged periods with little motivation for rehabilitation.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three relaxation techniques, namely, Static Stretching Exercise (SSE), Eccentric Contraction Exercise (ECE), and Suboccipital Muscle Release (SMR) on the flexibility and balance of the lower limb in adults with hamstring shortening. Methods: The participants were 45 adults in their 20s with hamstring shortening. They performed three exercises (i.e., SSE, ECE, and SMR) for two weeks. We measured flexibility, muscle tone and stiffness, proprioception, and balance before and after the intervention, applying each relaxation technique. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was set at α=0.05. Results: Flexibility increased in the SSE, ECE, and SMR groups, with the SSE group showing the greatest improvement. Muscle tone and stiffness decreased in all groups, with the ECE group exhibiting the highest reduction. Proprioception increased in the SSE, ECE, and SMR groups, with SSE demonstrating the greatest enhancement. Balance also increased in all groups, with the ECE group showing the most pronounced improvement. Conclusion: Overall, all three relaxation techniques for hamstring shortening resulted in improved flexibility, muscle tone and stiffness, proprioception, and balance of the lower limb in adults with hamstring shortening. The findings of this study underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate technique according to the purpose of treatment and the condition of the patient.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Purpose: Study on the effect of the use of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) method by use of the direction and charge regulation which is the advantage of the Thera-band therapy on the walks and balances in old people and comparison with the result after applying the general PNF technique. Method: The study has been performed on 30 females over 65 years old. The study has been done by dividing the object group in 3 patterns, which are number 1, the comparison group of 10, two ones that are applied the PNF technique using Thera-band and third, the ones that are applied only the PNF technique. For the PNF and the Thera-band using PNF, we have divided the group into Combination of Isotonic technique and the Rhythmical stabilization technique according to the patient's acquaintance pattern and applied them to the patient's body. Evaluation was the balancing ability which was calculated by using the BIODEX Balance system / FRT and for the evaluation of walking ability, we have used the speed of walking for 10M / TUG. Result: In the comparison group of 10, the balancing ability and the walking ability did not change much before and after the experiment, which made it possible to compare the group with the other two easily(p>0.05). For the other two groups, we have recognized the enhancement both in the balancing ability and the walking ability, but they did not know much difference between themselves(p<0.05). Conclusion: Though there were not a big difference in the sense of improvement between the Thera-band using PNF and the PNF technique only, we could infer that these two therapy has enhanced much in the walking and balancing ability for people over 65 and through these result we can foresee that not only using the method shown in this study but also by using many advantages of Thera-band, we could diminish the tiredness of healer, enhance the efficiency of exercise in them and also by forming self training program for older people we could help them build the prevention program from falls.