• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of study was to determine effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss ball exercise and Swiss ball exercise on balance in the 40 students from H university. Method : There were two experimental conditions. There were two difference groups in the experimental conditions, which had to perform different exercise tasks: Swiss ball exercise group (n=20) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercise with Swiss ball exercise group(n=20). The experimental group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercise for 20minutes and Swiss Ball exercise for 40minutes, 3 times a week for 4weeks. While another experimental group received Swiss Ball exercise for 40minutes, 3 times a week for 4weeks. In order to evaluation effects of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss Ball exercise and Swiss Ball exercise in the two different experimental group, subjects was measured by static balance. Statistical analysis was the paired t-test to compare the differences within groups and the SPSS to analyze the differences between groups. Results : The result of this study were as follows: The static balance was higher for the two different experimental group in post-exercise than in pre-exercise(P<0.5). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss Ball exercise experimental group was significant difference better then another experimental group(P<0.5). Conclusion : The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss Ball exercise can result in improved static balance better then Swiss Ball exercise.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.393-402
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• 2021

In animals, proper locomotion is crucial to find mates and foods and avoid predators or dangers. Multiple sensory systems detect external and internal cues and integrate them to modulate motor outputs. Proprioception is the internal sense of body position, and proprioceptive control of locomotion is essential to generate and maintain precise patterns of movement or gaits. This proprioceptive feedback system is conserved in many animal species and is mediated by stretch-sensitive receptors called proprioceptors. Recent studies have identified multiple proprioceptive neurons and proprioceptors and their roles in the locomotion of various model organisms. In this review we describe molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying proprioceptive feedback systems in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2010

The present study examined the effects of functional electrical stimulus(group 1), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 2) and combined training of functional electrical stimulus and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(group 3) with scapula adductor muscles on scapula movement, upper limb function and gait in fifteen subjects stroke patients. The training was thirty minutes a day, five times a week for six weeks, obtained result as follow, upper limb function was significant difference in the group 2(p<.05) but no significant difference in other groups. The change of weight bearing were significant difference in all the groups(p<.05), and increase of gait velocity were significant difference in all the group(p<.05). In conclusion, when applied with functional electrical stimulus, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and combined training to the scapular adductor muscles, it was oberved in the course of the experiment that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was the most effective treatment among the three methods applied to the scapula adductors.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2006

Purpose : To identify the effects of Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the functional improvement of patients with neck myofascial pain syndrome. Methods : The present research investigated 30 patients with neck myofascial syndrome, dividing them into a group doing Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. This study examined degree of recovery from neck pain by comparing their neck myofascial pain syndrome before and after the treatment, and compared to find difference in the degree of recovery from myofascial pain syndrome. Results : The results are as follows. For the Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF), the visual analogue scale(VAS) decreased significantly for six weeks treatment, and the range of motion(ROM) of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p<.05). Conlusion : This study suggest that Hold-Relax of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation have an effect on the functional improvement of patients with neck myofascial pain syndrome.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the proprioceptive exercise program on balance performance in order to the suggest hemiplegic patients the therapeutic intervention. Methods : In this study, Proprioceptive exercise program was applied to 11 hemiplegic patients for 6 weeks as follows: First of all, hemi leg flexion-extension pattern was applied in a supine position. Secondly, alternated leg flexion pattern was applied in a standing posture with one hand support on the unstable platform. Thirdly, rhythmic stabilization techniques were applied in a standing posture on the unstable platform. Results : Significant differences were observed the chronic low back pain patient for VAS, BBS. Chronic low back pain patient improved all test. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. After intervention, there was a statistically significant change in the dynamic balance (FSST, TUG, FRT) performance(p<.05). 2. After intervention, there was also a statistically significant change in the static balance (FICSIT-4) performance(p<.05). Conclusion : The result of the study suggests that muscle strength exercise by the intervention of proprioceptive exercise program improves the hemiplegic patients' static and dynamic balance performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate a influence in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise of shoulder adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: The methods of the study was to investigate a change in range of motion (ROM), an increase in ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS) and disability questionnaire by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise on 32 patients who were diagnosed with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups who were treated in the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and self-assistive ROM exercise group for flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS and disability questionnaire. Both group's flexion, extension, internal ratation, and external rotation levels were significantly different before and after the treatment. And significant statistical decrease in VAS and disability was seen. The extension of the shoulder joint was closely related to external rotation (r=0.84). There was a close relationship between internal rotation and external rotation at the shoulder joint. There was no increased range of extension through the exercise method. However, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS, and disability questionnaire of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation groups were obviously higher than in the self-assisted ROM exercise group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggest that considering Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for the patient who has shoulder adhesive capsulitis in clinic.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose : Proprioceptive position sense plays a key role in providing joint stability, and multiple factors are related to proprioceptive position sense. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of body composition, particularly skeletal muscle mass on proprioceptive position sense following muscle fatigue. Methods : Healthy female subjects agreed to have their body composition analyzed. Only subjects who had 18.5-22.9 kg/㎡ of BMI (body mass index) were included in this study, and the participants were divided into two groups by skeletal muscle mass level. The experimental group had a level of skeletal muscle lower than the standard level (n=9), while the control group showed a standard or high level of skeletal muscle mass (n=11). To determine the change in proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint, the absolute angle error (AAE) was evaluated following muscle fatigue on low extremity. The muscle fatigue was induced by isokinetic resistance exercise program of Biodex system. AAE was measured by the Biodex system and compared the result before and after muscle fatigue. Results : The experimental group showed a significant AAE difference between before (3.16±2.48 °) and after (5.40±2.61 °) muscle fatigue. In addition, there was a AAE difference between the experimental (5.40±2.61 °) and control groups (3.53±1.67 °) after fatigue; however, there was no significance. Those results indicated that low level of skeletal muscle mass might influence the proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint after muscle fatigue. Conclusion : Thus, maintaining the proper level of skeletal muscle mass is pivotal to reduce the risk of injury following muscle fatigue in ADL or sport activities.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2008

Background : Ankle inversion sprains are one of the most common injuries in sports and activities of daily living that mostly concern physically active individuals. In most researches, proprioceptive deficit, muscle weakness and/or absent coordination have been regarded as a contributing factors. Despite the high incidence of ankle sprain and instability, therapeutic approaches to properly manage the symptoms have rarely been investigated. This study aimed to identify the effect of proprioceptive exercise program that is easy to integrate in normal training program. Methods : Subjects were randomly allocated to control group and experimental group consisting of 11 and 10 patients, respectively. The conservative treatment for the control group consisted of hot packs, ultrasound and TENS. In addition, the experimental group performed 7 exercises to enhance proprioceptive function of ankle joint. The therapeutic intervention of the controland experimental groups was performed a total of 20 exercise sessions, averaging 50 hour each, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. To compare the two groups, the level of ankle disability was assessed by using the ankle injury score scale in pre- and post-treatment. Results : On assessment of post-treatment, there were statistically significant differences in the scores of all sub-items, except for ankle laxity and range of motion, and the total score of ankle injury score scale between the two groups(p<0.05). In comparison between pre- and post-treatments, the significant difference in the scores of all sub-items and total score didn't appear for the control group, while the scores of most sub-items and total score of the experimental group were shown the statistically significant difference(p<0.05). Conclusion : The findings suggest that the proprioceptive exercise program is more effective for relieving ankle disability than conservative treatment therefore, the program to improve proprioceptive function should be recommended for prevention and rehabilitation of recurrent ankle inversion injuries.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) on balance ability in poststroke hemiparetic subjects. Methods : The subjects of this study were 12 patients with hemiplegia who volunteered to participate in the experiment which was carried out over the course of 4 weeks. The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation is applied to group with three positions (sidelying, half-standing, modified plantigrade). The tests between before and after the intervention were measured by FSST (Four Square Step Test), FICSIT-4 (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques), BBS(Berg Balance Scale). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine the statistical significance. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. After intervention, the score of BBS and FICSIT-4 significantly were increased compared with before intervention. 2. After intervention, the time of FSST were reduced significantly compared with before intervention. Conclusions : According to above results, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation improved with balance ability of patients with hemiplegia. This study provided basic data for effects Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on balance ability. In conclusion, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with other interventions is effective way to improve balance ability of patients with hemiplegia.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2023

Purpose: The study aims to examine the effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and scrambler therapy on pain, range of motion (ROM), and shoulder dysfunction in breast cancer patients. Methods: In total, 30 breast cancer patients were recruited and randomized to group I (n = 10), group II (n = 10), and group III (n = 10). Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale, ROM was measured using a goniometer, and shoulder dysfunction was measured using a shoulder pain and disability index. Group I practiced the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and underwent scrambler therapy, group II underwent scrambler therapy only, and group III practiced the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise only. Results: A within-groups comparison showed that all groups demonstrated significant differences in pain, ROM, and shoulder dysfunction after the experiment (p<0.05). Further, according to a comparison of the three groups, group I showed a more significant difference in effectiveness than groups II and III in terms of pain, ROM, and shoulder dysfunction before and after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and scrambler therapy are effective in treating pain, ROM issues, and shoulder dysfunction in breast cancer patients.