• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2010

The objective of this study was the development of the preparation method of fermented turnip juice. The yields and soluble solids of fermented turnip juice were 41.2, 52.8, 56.4 and 57.4%, and 34.3, 42.4, 48.6 and 54.7 $^{\circ}Brix$ with 40, 60, 80 and 100% addition rate of turnip quantity, respectively. The major organic acids in turnip juice were succinic acid, isobutyric acid and fumaric acid, and these organic acids were decreased after fermentation. On the other hand, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were produced during the fermentation. Soluble solid and pH value in fermented turnip decreased by time-dependently. Free radical scavenging activity was increased by fermentation of turnips and nitrate scavenging effects were the highest in pH 3 and increased with adding Omija or Japanese apricot. The best preparation method of fermented turnip juice was fermentation at $24^{\circ}C$ 12-15 days after adding 40% of sucrose to total quantity. As adding Omija, organic acid contents were increased and sensory evaluation was improved in fermented turnip juice.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.254-265
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• 2017

GABA 함량이 증가된 섬애약쑥 발효물의 제조를 위하여 섬애약쑥 추출물을 15% 첨가하여 제조한 식혜에 MSG를 0, 0.25, 0.5 및 1.0% 첨가하고, Lactobacillus brevis(KI271266)를 접종하여 3일간 발효하면서 일자별로 시료를 취해 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 발효기간이 경과할수록 탁도는 점차 감소하였고, 명도와 황색도는 증가하였고, 적색도는 감소하는 경향이었다. 가용성고형분도 점차 낮아져 발효 3일에는 $19.70-20.80^{\circ}Brix$의 범위였다. 환원당의 함량은 MSG의 첨가량이 많을수록 더 높았는데, 발효기간이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향이었다. pH는 4.65-4.83이던 것이 발효 3일 후에는 3.15-3.68로 낮아졌다. MSG의 첨가농도가 높을수록 GABA의 함량도 높았으며, 발효기간이 경과할수록 그 함량도 증가하여 MSG 1.0% 첨가군에서는 354.38 mg/L로 가장 높은 함량이었다. Fructose, glucose 및 sucrose는 발효 전에 비해 3일간 발효 후에 50-67%가 감소하였다. 유기산 중 propionic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid 및 fumaric acid의 함량은 발효기간의 경과와 더불어 감소하였고, lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid의 함량은 점차 증가하였는데, lactic acid의 증가폭이 가장 컸다. 3일간 발효가 완료된 발효물 중의 총 페놀화합물의 함량 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 동일한 경향으로 MSG 0.5% 첨가군이 유의적으로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 1.0% 첨가군이었다. 이상의 결과로부터 섬애약쑥 유산균 발효물 제조시 MSG를 첨가함으로써 발효물의 이화학적 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 GABA의 함량 증가가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2002

With the objective of identifying the commercial potential of new direct-fed microbials, several temperature-tolerant strains were isolated from cane molasses at $39^{\circ}C$ and tested for their tolerance to pH, bile salts, and a mixture of volatile fatty acids (acetic acid:propionic acid:butyric acid=6.5:2.0:1.5). It was found that the isolated strain DY 252 grew very well up to pH 2.0 and was resistant to relatively high concentrations of bile salts. Among the strains tested, DY 252 was least inhibited by the addition of volatile fatty acids to the growth medium at $39^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, it would appear that strain DY 252, identified as yeast Issatchenkia orientalis, may be a potential candidate for use as a microbial feed additive.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.178-191
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• 2018

The concentrations and chemical compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including volatile fatty acids, phenols, indoles, aldehydes, and ketones, which are the main organic compounds generated by swine, were investigated in July and October 2016 and January 2017. In addition, the emission rates and annual emissions of these components from the swine shed were estimated. The concentrations of VOCs in the swine shed averaged $511.3{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in summer, $315.5{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in fall and $218.6{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in winter. Acetone, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were the predominant components of the VOCs, accounting for 80-88% of the total VOCs. The hourly variations of VOC concentrations in the swine shed in fall and winter suggest that the VOC concentrations were related to the ventilation rate of the swine shed, the activity of the swine, and the temperature in the swine shed. Accordingly, the emission rates of VOCs from the swine shed were $1-2{\times}10^3{\mu}g(h\;kg-swine)^{-1}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.942-946
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• 2004

This study aimed to examine the fermentation quality of a tropical Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpuereum) and temperate Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) forages ensiled additive of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and to determine what factor affects the fermentation characteristics of the crops. In both species cell walls neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents in silages were consistently decreased (p<0.05) with the addition of FJLB at ensiling more then Control treatment. The FJLB additive increased number of LAB (cfu) and lactate concentration in the silages in both species. The Control treatment without additive underwent a clostridial type of fermentation with traces of propionic, iso-butyric, n-butyric acids contents with higher (p<0.01) levels of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN %TN) and had appreciable decreased of nutrient in silages. FJLB treatment improved silage nutritive value with little contents of VBN %TN, ethanol and very small amount of dry matter (DM) and hemicellulose losses (p<0.05) between 2 to 5% and 7 to 3% respectively, in Elephant grass and Italian ryegrass species. The results in this study indicates that while among the factors affecting silage fermentation butyric type of fermentation was more pronounced in tropical elephant grass compared to the temperate Italian ryegrass, FJLB additive revealed a better silage fermentation products in both species.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.315-315
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• 2009

Component analysis and physico-chemical properties of wood and rice hull vinegars were conducted in order to promote the utilization of these environment-friendly materials. Results showed that wood vinegar had higher specific gravity (2.5) and tar content (0.3%), but lower acid content (1.0%) than rice hull vinegar (1.7, 0.05% and 4.4%, respectively). GC-MS component analysis revealed that rice vinegar had higher phenol content (34%) than wood vinegar (11.49%). Acetic acid and propionic acid were also higher in rice hull vinegar. On the contrary, wood vinegar had higher Furancarboxyl aldehyde content (41.6%) than rice hull vinegar (0.67%). Thus, different results in DPPH radical electron donating-abilities were obtained due to different percent composition of each vinegar.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1160-1164
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• 2013

The solid super acid catalyst $SO{_4}^{2-}$/$ZrO_2$ was prepared by impregnation method using $ZrO_2$ as the catalyst support. Catalyst forming was taken into consideration in order to separate catalyst from the mixture of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). $Al_2O_3$ and sesbania gum powder were selected as binding agent and auxiliary agent respectively. The catalytic properties were evaluated through esterification of cellulose with acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and characterized by XRD, FTIR and $NH_3$-TPD. In this paper, the effects of concentration of $H_2SO_4$ impregnated, calcination temperature, esterification temperature and esterification time on the yield, acyl content and viscosity of CAP were investigated. The results showed that $SO{_4}^{2-}/ZrO_2$ successfully catalyzed CAP synthesis over catalysts impregnated in 0.75 mol/L $H_2SO_4$ and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$. The yield, acetyl content and propionyl content of CAP reached the maximum value of 105.3%, 29.9% and 25.8% reacted at $50^{\circ}C$ for 8 h.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2001

Aqueous urethane dispersion resin begins to assume commercial importance due to increasing environmental awareness of VOC in coating industry. Moreover there have been strong industrial needs for the development of reactive-type polyurethane flame retardant coatings. In this study, chlorinated polyester polyols were synthesized by two step polycondensation reaction using mono chloroacetic acid, adipic acid, trimethylol propane, and 1,4-butanediol. In the next step polyurethane dispersion was prepared using these chlorinated polyester polyols and isophorone diisocyanate with dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) and trimethylamine. The structure of chlorinated polyol was characterized by GPC, FT-IR and NMR. Particle size and its distribution were examined in terms of various dispersion parameters including molecular weight and composition of polyol, amount of DMPA, and NCO/OH ratio, etc. The effect of chlorinated polyols on flammability was also evaluated.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2004

We have prepared an aqueous dispersion of poly(aniline-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid complex) (PANI-DC) that has an intrinsic viscosity (〔η〕) near 1.3 dL/g using aniline as a monomer, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid(DBSA) as a dopant/emulsifier, and ammonium peroxodisulfate(APS) as an oxidant. We found that the electrical conductivity of a PANI-DC pellet was 0.7 S/cm. A waterborne-polyurethane (WBPU) dispersion, obtained from isophorone diisocyanate/polytetramethylene oxide glycol/dimethylol propionic acid/ethylene diamine/triethylene amine, was used as a matrix polymer. We prepared blend films of WBPU/PANI-DC with variable weight ratios (from 99/1 to 66/34) by solution blending/casting and investigated the effects that the PANI-DC content has on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, hardness, electrical conductivity, and antistaticity of these films. The tensile strength, percentage of elongation, and hardness of WBPU/PANI-DC blend films all decreased markedly upon increasing the PANI-DC content. The antistatic half-life time ($\tau$$\sub$$\frac{1}{2}$/) of pure WBPU film was about 110 s, but we found that those of WBPU/ultrasound-treated PANI-DC blend films decreased exponentially from 1.2 s to 0.1 s to almost 0 s upon increasing the PANI-DC content from 1 wt% to 15 wt% to > 15 wt%, respectively.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2020

Various studies have been conducted to improve silica dispersion of silica filled tire tread compounds; among them, silica wet masterbatch (WMB) technology is known to be suitable for manufacturing silica filled compounds that have high silica content and high dispersibility. Till now, the WMB study is focused on the natural rubber (NR) or emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR) that does not have a silica-affinity functional group, and a study of NR or ESBR having a silica-affinity functional group is still not well known. Unlike the dry masterbatch technology, the WMB technology can solve the problems associated with the high Mooney viscosity when applied to silica-friendly rubber. However, a coagulant suitable for each functional group has not yet been determined. Therefore, in this study, different coagulant applied silica WMB was prepared by applying calcium chloride, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid by using a carboxyl group functionalized reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer ESBR. The evaluation of the WMB compounds revealed that the calcium chloride added WMB compound showed excellent silica dispersion, abrasion resistance, and rolling resistance.