• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of a combinational patch system containing physostigmine and procyclidine against sarin and soman using guinea pig. The median lethal dose values of two nerve agents were calculated by a probit analysis of deaths occurring within 24 h. In this study, the values of median lethal dose of sarin and soman were determined to be 33.0 and 26.7 ㎍/kg in guinea-pigs, respectively. The guinea pigs treated with a prophylactic patch(4×5 ㎠) for 24 h were 100 % protected against a challenge of 1.5 LD50. The combinational KMARK-1(atropine and 2-PAM) and prophylactic patch were more effective than a single KMARK-1, a combination of pyridostigmine and KMARK-1 significantly. Epileptiform seizures in the guinea pigs treated with the combinational antidotes led to neuropathological changes, in comparison with intact feature of brain of the animal treated with the patch.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.178-182
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• 1996

Background: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic transdermal scopolamine in reducing nausea associated with postoperative epidural morphine. Methods: 30 healthy patients scheduled for cesarean section were given local anesthetics epidurally for surgical anesthesia. After delivery of the baby, transdermal scopolamine patch($Kimite^{(R)}$ Myung Moon Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea) was applied to the study group(n=15) and placebo patch to the control group(n=15). Postoperative analgesia was provided soley with epidural morphine. Nausea was treated with metoclopramide. Results: During 24 hours postoperatively, the mean nausea score was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. But the nausea incidence was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean number of times antiemetic drugs which were administered to patients were lower in the study group than in the control group($1.5{\pm}0.5$ vs $3.3{\pm}1.3$, p<0.05). Conclusion: Transdermal scopolamine patch provides antiemetic effect simply, continuously and safely, preventing nausea which could occur during administration of epidural morphine after cesarean section.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.920-931
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• 2011

Nerve agents are irreversible inhibitors of the cholinesterase enzyme. Exposure causes a progression of toxic signs, including hypersecretions, fasciculations, tremor, convulsions, respiratory distress, epileptiform seizures, brain injuries and death. A combined regimen of prophylaxis and therapy is the most effective medical countermeasure for dealing with the threat of nerve agent poisoning to military personnel. In this paper, the author investigated the updated technologies regarding various pre- and post-treatment drugs for nerve agents detoxification which are under development in several countries including Korea. Some characteristics of active ingredients in the formulations of drugs, their action mechanisms, and effectiveness were analyzed. Additionally, part of experimental data on the transdermal patch studied in ADD using beagle dogs was introduced.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

Background: Endotracheal intubation during anesthesia induction may increase airway resistance ($R_{aw}$) and decrease dynamic lung compliance ($C_{dyn}$). We hypothesized that prophylactic treatment with a transdermal ${\beta}2$-agonist tulobuterol patch (TP) would help to reduce the risk of bronchospasm after placement of the endotracheal tube. Methods: Eighty-two American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) category I or II adult patients showing obstructive patterns were divided randomly into a control and a TP group (n = 41 each). The night before surgery, a 2-mg TP was applied to patients in the TP group. Standard monitors were recorded, and target controlled infusion (TCI) with propofol and remifentanil was used for anesthesia induction and maintenance. Simultaneously, end-tidal carbon dioxide, $R_{aw}$, and $C_{dyn}$ were determined at 5, 10, and 15 min intervals after endotracheal intubation. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic data between the two groups. The TP group was associated with a lower $R_{aw}$ and a higher $C_{dyn}$, as compared to the control group. $R_{aw}$ was significantly lower at 10 min (P < 0.05) and 15 min (P < 0.01), and $C_{dyn}$ was significantly higher at 5 min (P < 0.05) and 15 min (P < 0.01) in the TP group. A trend towards a lower $R_{aw}$ was observed showing a statistically significant difference 5 min after endotracheal intubation (P < 0.01) in each group. Conclusions: Prophylactic treatment with TP showed a bronchodilatory effect through suppressing an increase in $R_{aw}$ and a decrease in $C_{dyn}$ after anesthesia induction without severe adverse effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1535-1542
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• 2009

수삼과 버섯의 새로운 용도를 개발하기 위하여, 수삼추출물이 첨가된 액체배지에서 배양된 노루궁뎅이 균사체 심부발효물의 열수추출물로부터 조다당획분을 조제하였다. 수삼추출물이 액체배지 전체양의 1%, 3%와 5% 첨가된 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체 심부발효물의 열수추출물로부터 조다당획분(HE-GE-CP-1, 3과 5)이 분획되었을 때, 수율은 각각 5.7, 5.1과 4.8%이었다. 이러한 조다당획분 중 HE-GE- CP-5(saline 대조군의 1.89배)는 HE-GE-CP-1(1.64배)과 HE-GE-CP-3(1.76배)보다 유의적으로 높은 비장세포의 마이토젠 활성을 보여주었다. 또한 HE-GE-CP-5(1.83배)는 소장의 국소 면역조직인 Peyer's patch를 경유한 골수세포 증식활성에서도 HE-CP(1.59배), HE-GE-CP-1(1.44배)과 HE-GE-CP-3(1.69배)보다 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 항암효과로서의 암전이 억제활성 측정에서는 수삼추출물이 5% 첨가된 조다당획분에서 72.4%의 높은 암전이 억제활성도 보여주었다. 그러나 복강 내 마크로파지의 lysosomal phosphatase의 활성측정에서는 HE-GE-CP-3에서 2.03배의 가장 높은 마크로파지 자극활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 이러한 면역 및 암전이 억제활성을 갖는 조다당획분인 HE-GE-CP-5는 중성당(63.2%)과 함께 상당량의 산성당(19.3%)을 함유하였으며 단백질은 8.8%가 구성분으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 HE-GE-CP-5는 암전이를 억제하기 위한 면역계를 자극할 수 있음이 확인되었으며, 이러한 암전이 억제의 항종양 활성은 마크로파지, 비장세포 및 Peyer's patch cell 등의 활성화 기작과 연계되어 있음을 추정할 수 있었다.