• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.1084-1091
• /
• 2015

Aquaculture of olive flounder started in the middle of 1980's and now farming has been taken place in many places along the coastal line in Korea. The taste of olive flounder has a good chewy texture because of high collagen content, low fat content, so it is popular for sliced raw fish. Olive flounder is popular among Koreans but the consumption pattern is uniformly so as to be used as sliced raw fish but not other ways. So, now there needs to develop high valued-processed food using olive flounder. This study was set to investigate the processing of terrine by using olive flounder, in which terrine is French style meat loaf that is well favored around the world. In this study, terrine was prepared by chopping olive flounder meat with 39 g egg white and 10 mL fresh cream (per 50 g fillet) and then seasoned with 5 mL lemon juice, 5 mL brandy, 0.05 g salt and 0.05 g pepper. The 25 g of dough was placed on a vinyl wrap, put with 2 g cheese, and layered an another 25 g dough, and then rolled up and wrapped by aluminium foil. Two different cooking methods were used for terrine processing in this study. Terrine-1 was cooked by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) after boiling for 5 min and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Terrine-2 was prepared by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. After 7 days, Terrine-1 was thawed and then heated up in microwave for 2 min (Sample-1), while Terrine-2 was thawed and then boiled in water for 5 min (Sample-2). Viable bacterial count, chemical composition, pH, salinity, hardness, TBA, free amino acid content, and sensory evaluation were measured for both Sample-1 and Sample-2. Especially, the scores of sensory evaluation of Sample-2 is slightly higher than that of Sample-1. On the other hand, there were no significant differences on color, odor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance between Sample-1 and Sample-2.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.23-37
• /
• 2011

The scaling properties on the length distribution of microcrack populations from Tertiary crystalline tuff are investigated. From the distribution charts showing length range with 15 directional angles and five groups(I~V), a systematic variation appears in the mean length with microcrack orientation. The distribution charts are distinguished by the bilaterally symmetrical pattern to nearly N-S direction. The whole domain of the length-cumulative frequency diagram for microcrack populations can be divided into three sections in terms of phases of the distribution of related curves. Especially, the linear middle section of each diagram of five groups represents a power-law distribution. The frequency ratio of linear middle sections of five groups ranges from 46.6% to 67.8%. Meanwhile, the slope of linear middle section of each group shows the order: group V($N60{\sim}90^{\circ}E$, -2.02) > group IV($N20{\sim}60^{\circ}E$, -1.55) > group I($N60{\sim}90^{\circ}W$, -1.48), group II($N10{\sim}60^{\circ}W$, -1.48) > group III($N10^{\circ}W{\sim}N20^{\circ}E$, -1.06). Five sub-populations(five groups) that closely follow the power-law length distribution show a wide range in exponents( -1.06 - -2.02). These differences in exponent among live groups emphasizes the importance of orientation effect. In addition, breaks in slope in the lower parts of the related curves represent the abrupt development of longer lengths, which is reflected in the decrease in the power-law exponent. Especially, such a distribution pattern can be seen from the diagram with $N10{\sim}20^{\circ}E,\;N10{\sim}20^{\circ}W$ and $N60{\sim}70^{\circ}W$ directional angles. These three directional angles correspond with main directions of faults developed around the study area. The distribution chart showing the individual characteristics of the length-cumulative frequency diagrams for 15 directional angles were made. By arraying above diagrams according to the categories of three groups(A, B and C), the differences in length-frequency distributions among these groups can be easily derived. The distribution chart illustrates the importance of analysing microcrack sets separately. From the related chart, the occurrence frequency of shorter microcracks shows the order: group A > group B > group C. These three types of distribution patterns could reveal important information on the processes occurred during microcrack growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2008

1,4-Dioxane($C_4H_8O_2$), which is used as a solvent stabilizer, could make harmful effects on ecosystem because of its higher solubility, toxicity and carcinogenic by US EPA. From 2011, its discharge limit to waterbody will be regulated at 5 mg/L by Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea. It was thus to investigate that the currently operating activated sludge in polyester manufacturing processes in Gumi can properly treat it to meet with the regulation standard. For that purpose, the removal rate of 1,4-dioxane and its microbial properties were assessed for a few companies(i.e. K, H and T). Its removal efficiency was the most highly recorded in H as 98% and then 77% for K, which met with the regulation standard. However, concentration of 1,4-dioxane of T was 23 mg/L in the effluent, which is more than the regulation standard. Aside from, microbial degradation test was done for 100 ppm of 1,4-dioxane in BSM (Basal salt medium) inoculated with each of activated sludge. After 7 days, 1,4-dioxane was completely removed in the test bottle inoculated with H sludge, 67% in T and 52% in K, which could confirm that the given activated sludge might have different biodegradability against the amount of 1,4-dioxane. Therefore, microbial diversity in each company was investigated by 16s rDNA cloning methods where a species, e.g. Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1, was the greatest observed from H and in lesser from K, but it was not detected from T. Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 is known to efficiently degrade ether like methyl tertiary-butyl ether(MTBE). It is concluded that the activated sludge in H can be most effectively adopted for a biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane in the concern of industrial sector.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.238-243
• /
• 2011

Amelanchier asiatica fruits have been used as a traditional medical food. This research was investigated to assess angiotensin converting enzyme, xanthine oxidase (XOase) and elastase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities. The content of total phenolic compounds in A. asiatica fruits extracts was 17.6mg/mL. In extracts, the electron donating ability by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging test of A. asiatica fruits extracts was 90.18% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization of A. asiatica fruits extracts was 98.81% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibition rate of the antioxidant protection factor was 1.03, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was 73.27% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The XOase inhibition activity of A. asiatica fruits extracts of showed to be 13.19% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The angiotensin converting enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by A. asiatica fruits extracts as 82.52% inhibitory rate at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Elastase inhibitory activity in the A. asiatica fruits extracts (41.48% at $200{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than vitamin C (12.8% at $200{\mu}g/mL$). These results suggests that A. asiatica fruits extracts have the greatest property as a functional food and functional cosmetic source.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.251-261
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively estimate the settling property for fine-cohesive sediments in Keum Estuary and to evaluate the spatial variation by analyzing and comparing the local and seasonal variation of the settling properties in Keum Estuary with that of the settling properties in the other sites. After the spatial variation of physico-chemical properties such grain size distribution, the percentage of organic contents, mineralogical composition etc is investigated through experiments and analyses, interrelation between the physico-chemical properties and settling velocities and effect that the physico-chemical properties have on the quantitative variation of settling velocities were also analyzed in this study. Experimental results of settling tests shows that settling velocities of Keum Estuary mud vary in the range of two orders of magnitude (from 0.01 to 1mm/sec) over the corresponding concentration range of 0.1 to 80 g/L, and a feature of settling velocity profile is quite different in quantity as compared to those of previous studies with mud of other regions: Saemankuem, Tampa Bay, Sevem Estuary and lake Okeechobee. However, their local and seasonal variabilities within Keum Estuary appear to be insignificant.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2009

Physicochemical properties of sponge cakes prepared using various amounts of rosemary powder were evaluated. Rosemary powder was used at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7%(w/w). The second-stage specific densities of batter increased from 0.49 to 0.54 as the amount of rosemary powder rose from 0% to 0.7%(w/w). All specific densities were within the normal range. The pH of sponge cake batters increased as rosemary powder proportion rose, with statistical significance(p<0.05). The moisture contents of cake showed no difference on the first day but significantly decreased to 38.5-39.7% after 3 days. The acid values and peroxide values fell as the proportion of rosemary powder increased. With rising rosemary powder level, antioxidative capacity increased but physiological properties were not affected in the range of rosemary powder concentrations used in this study.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.685-692
• /
• 2005

This study summarizes our findings on the effect of pine needle powder and water extract on the quality characteristics of wet noodle and the changes of microbial count during storage. The lightness of wet noodles was significantly decreased with increasing amounts of PN powder and water extract added in the noodles(p<.001), whereas the redness and yellowness of the noodles were significantly increased(p<.001). Texture evaluation showed that springiness was the highest in the noodle prepared with 5% PN extract, whereas brittleness was the lowest in 1% PN extract. At the beginning period of storage, there were significant differences of microbial cell count in PCA and PDA among the samples, but a significant decreasing was observed after 6 days. In the relationship between sensory and mechanical properties, a negative correlation was observed between color and sleekness, while there was a positive correlation with redness and yellowness. Sensory evaluation showed that odor, taste, texture and overall acceptability were the best in noodles processed with 3% PN extract.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.597-604
• /
• 2015

When a tunnel is constructed by drilling and blasting operation, the excavated perimeter becomes uneven due to overbreak at the drill holes so that the thickness of shotcrete tends to be irregular. In this case, the conventional stress analyses for tunnel lining of a uniform thickness cannot be readily applicable. In this study, the profile of tunnel perimeter assumed to be sinusoidal in order to simulate the uneven tunnel perimeter and to control the thickness of shotcrete by using the amplitude and wavelength. By adopting the sinusoidal function to a theoretical solution of stress analysis for uniform lining, the range of axial stress of irregular shotcrete can be estimated. The applicability of the approximate solution has been verified by performing a series of numerical analyses for various conditions. It is shown that the axial stress of shorcrete is highly dependent upon the irregularity of shotcrete, together with the ground property and initial stress conditions. It is also shown the shear stress is dependent upon the wavelength, and the stress condition becomes unfavorable where the thickness of shotcrete is relatively small. The approach developed in this study shows that the stress state where the thickness is relatively small is unfavourable, and it is necessary to take complementary measures when installing shotcrete after blasting.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.407-412
• /
• 2015

This study investigated flexural properties of indirect Gum-shade composite resins for esthetic improvement. The material utilized in this study was Crea.lign, Twiny flow and Twiny paste (TP). Ten specimens were fabricated with a dimension of $25{\times}2{\times}2mm$ according to the ISO 4049. After fabrications, specimens were stored in the distilled water for 24 hours at the temperature of $37^{\circ}C$. Three-point bending test was performed in universal testing machine (Instron 3344; Instron, USA) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until the failure occurred. TP exhibited a higher flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) compared to the flowable materials. There were significant differences among the three materials in FS and FM. However, there was no significant difference in work of fracture (WOF) in all tested materials (p>0.05). In Weibull analysis, TP showed the greatest Weibull modulus which means a higher reliability of the materials. Also, Gum-shade composite resins revealed a strong correlation in all flexural properties. There was a positive correlation in FS-FM ($r^2=0.99$) and a negative correlation between FS-WOF and FM-WOF ($r^2>0.97$). Therefore, this confirmed that flexural property was important for mechanical behavior evaluation and useful information. To addition, this improved among mechanical properties correlation of materials as important factor.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2014

These test methods, the current domestic vehicles fuel economy calculation method is tested on a dynamometer for vehicles after you have installed the vehicle, given the test mode(FTP-75 & HWFET mode, etc.) are measured by vehicle emissions and fuel economy by seeking to have the results approach, the carbon balance method. At this point, using the carbon balance method is a test method was developed seeking fuel for a standard fuel properties, where the value of the constant and saved test was measured in THC, CO, $CO_2$ has a value calculation. Therefore, use fuel which is changed every time you test the fuel properties characteristics are not considered exactly. In this study, using the carbon balance method and fluid flow rate of the fuel used in the actual test is measured by comparing the results with the flow measurement methods, properties of the fuel used for the test attribute to study ways that can be considered, taking into account the physical attributes of a more diverse fuel line and fuel economy improved measurement methods that can be reviewed.