• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 1993

Greenhouse study was undertaken to find tank-mix feasibility of quinclorac with molinate and propanil, selective post-emergence herbicides in controlling barnyardgrass, for reducing the application rate of quinclorac. Following foliar application in combination of quinclorac at 0.038, 0.075, 0.150, and 0.300kg ai/ha with molinate at 0.190, 0.380, 0.750 and 1.500kg ai/ha, and propanil at 0.263, 0.525, 1.050, and 2.100kg ai/ha at 3.5-leaf stage of barnyardgrass, fresh weight and weeding efficacy and their interaction by Colby's efficacy method were evaluated. Percent inhibition of barnyardgrass growth by quinclorac, molinate and propanil at recommended rate were 78.1, 26.1, and 61.7%, respectively. The dose combination shown above 85% in weeding efficacy were from 0.300kg of quinclorac with 0.75kg of molinate and 0.150kg of quinclorac with all rates of propanil. Therefore, combination of quinclorac with molinate tended to additive interaction and that of quinclorac with propanil appeared partially synergistic interaction. Conclusively, for reducing the application rate of quinclorac, the combination of quinclorac with propanil was more synergistic than that of quinclorac with molinate.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 1987

In order to study the degradation pattern of propanil in solution, the environmental factors such as temperature, pH and UV irradiation effect on propanil degradation were investigated. The degradation of propanil in solution was more rapid in high temperature than in low. The production amount of DCA was increased in high temperature, and then was decreased in a certain period of time because of conversion to TCAB, but the concentration of TCAB was maintained without more degradation. Propanil was rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline solution as well as in strong acidic solution. Degradation product, DCA was rapidly produced and condensed to TCAB in strong acidic and alkaline condition. On exposur to ultraviolet light, 90% of original propanil was degraded within 20minutes, 0.3 ppm of DCA was produced in 10 minutes, and maintained the concentration throughout irradiation times.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.384-389
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• 1998

The herbicide propanil and its metabolite, DCA were incubated with oxidative catalysts in the presence or absence of humic monomers to evaluate the incorporation of them into humic substances. Propanil and DCA underwent little or no transformation by oxidatve catalysts in the absence of humic monomers. In the presence of humic monomers, the most effective co-substrate for transformation of propanil was syringic acid by laccase and HRP, that of DCA was catechol by laccase and HRP, and protocatechuic acid by birnessite. The transformation of DCA was the highest when it was incubated with catechol at pH 8.0 during 24 hrs by laccase, and with catechol at pH 3.0 during 2 hrs by HRP, and with protocatechuic acid at pH 5.0 during 2 hrs by birnessite. The DCA transformation increased with increasing concentration of humic monomers. The transformation of DCA was increased with about 5 times when it was incubated with lactase and birnessite together than lactase alone, but that of it was not effected when it was incubated with HRP and birnessite together. When DCA was incubated with dissolved organic carbon in the presence of oxidative catalysts, the transformation of it was not increased by laccase and birnessite but increased by HRP.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.27-32
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• 1987

To isolate and identify degradation products of propanil in solution which propanil concentration was 2000ppm with a certain temperature, degradation products and pathway were investigated every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Extracted mixture was developed with benzene on TLC plate, and Rf values of isolated DCA and TCAB were 0.65 and 0.94 respectively. At the GC analysis, propanil and its degradation products could seperate at the column temperature $200^{\circ}C$, but in order to more good resolution, the column temperature of DCA and TCAB was $140^{\circ}C$ and $250^{\circ}C$ respectively. Functional group of OCA was determined by IR spectrum $3400cm^{-1}$ and $800cm^{-1}$. Proton peaks of OCA were NMR spectrum $6.7{\delta}$ and $3.7{\delta}$. As the results, the major degradation products of propanil in solution were seperated on TLC plate, and thus identified by the analysis of GC, IR and NMR. Proposed degradation pathway of propanil in solution was from DCA to TCAB.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide in winter cereal crops, barley and wheat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR was greater than that of butachlor EC. Linuron EC controlled average 95% and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR controlled average 97% within 150 days after soil-applied treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of linuron EC and pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR. The yield of barley increased in linuron EC and wheat increased in pendimethalin, thiobencarb GR treatments when compared with butachlor EC. The efficacy of foliage treatment, bentazone+propanil ME was greater than that of bentazone SL. Bentazone+propanil ME controlled average 96% in barley and 97% in wheat, within 30 days after foliage treatment. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of bentazone+propanil ME. The yield of barley and wheat increased in bentazone+propanil ME treatments when compared with bentazone SL. Based on these data, combinations of these herbicides could be applied to provide effective weed management in barley and wheat field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.2-4
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• 1978

Some of the remarkable accomplishments mentioned in the special lecture recalling 38 years of my research on the development of herbicides can be summarized as follows; 1) The physiology, movement in the soil, and decomposition and/or inactivation of the phenoxy and other herbicides by the invention of the Raphanus test were elucidated. And these findings led to the establishment of the theory of herbicidal treatment layer with the result of the origination of the application of PCP in flooded lowland paddy, which opened new era of soil application of herbicides in lowland paddy. 2) The granulation of herbicides for lowland paddy including PCP urea was developed. 3) The fact that propanil has generic selectivity in gramineae was found. And propanil was distributed in rice growing regions of the world. In addition, satanil for upland and propanil/NAC for flooded lowland paddy, propanil mixtures, were developed. 4) 15 kinds of new herbicides derived from plant hormones developed in my laboratory were develop ed, and the research trends in the future were presented.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.4 s.29
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• pp.205-214
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• 1976

Effect of Butachlor(2-chloro-2, 6-diethyl N-(buthoxymethyl) acetanilide), Nitrofen(2,4-dichloro-4-nitrodiphenyl ether), Benthiocarb+Simetryne(s-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N, N-diethylthiocarbamate $7\%$+2-methylthio-4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine $1.5\%)$, Propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide), and Perfluidone {1. 1. 1-trifluoro-N, N-(2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) Pheny1) methanesulfon amide} on urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification was investigated in a flooded soil incubated at $24\pm1^{\circ}C$ for 9 weeks. 1. Butachlor and Perfluidone at the rate of 1,440 and 1,200g, ai/10a, respectively, slightly inhibited the early stage of urea decomposition, and caused a slight decrease in the production of ammomium, which, however, was recovered readily. 2. Propanil at the rate of 2,800g, ai/10a imhibited the first stage of nitrification, and brought about a slight increase in the ammonium conentration and a decrease in the concentration of nitrite and nitrate. This inhibitive effect was a little more evident at higher concentration of applied nitrogen. The other herbicides caused no inhibition of urea decomposition and subsequent nitrification even at the highest rate of application. 3. pH and Eh of the soil were not significantly affected by the herbicides tested.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 1996

Propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) propanamide] which was applied at 4,200g ai/hapostemergence 7 days after seeding or transplanting, completely reduced the growth of shoot and root of barnyardgrass at 100% under dry condition while plant height, root length and shoot fresh weight of barnyardgrass at 63, 40 and 78%, respectively under water condition. On the other hand, the herbicide did not affect the growth of shoot and root of rice grown under water condition and transplanting condition, but reduced the plant height, root length and shoot fresh weight of broadcast rice on soil at 24, 18 and 28%, respectively, under dry condition. Microscopically, the epidermal cells of treated-barnyardgrasses under both conditions were severely constricted, chloroplasts in the cells of vascular bunble sheath were partially lacked, and mesophyll cells were often ruptured, whereas those of treated-rice were not affected. Histological observations showed that propanil reduced the thickness of leaf blade of barnyardgrass under both conditions at 36-48% due to mainly reduction and constriction of mesophyll cell, while it did not affect or even increased the thickness of leaves of rice under all conditions compared to control. These results indicate that broadcast rice on soil were more injured than drilled rice in soil under dry condition, however, in the other tested conditions ricer were not affected.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 1987

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of herbicide on the photosynthetic activity of the weed and rice plant. Two rice cultivars "Nongbaeg" and "Taebaegbyeo" were tested with butachlor, Molis-M, and perfluidone at 5 days after transplanting. Bentazone and propanil were sprayed at 25 days after transplanting. Photosynthetic activity was varied with herbicide and varieties. Generally, application of herbicide resulted in decreased photosynthetic activity. Indica ${\times}$ Japonica variety showed more sensitive to herbicide than Japonica variety. Recovery of the photosynthetic activity was faster in the bentazon than the propanil.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.3 s.32
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• pp.149-154
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• 1977

Effect of Simazine(2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine), Nitrofen (2, 4-dichloro-4' -nitrodi­phenylether), Propanil (:3, 4-dichloropropionanilide), and Butachlor (2-chloro-2, 6-diethyl N-(buthoxy­menthyl) acetanilide on urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification was investigated in an upland soil incubated at $20\pm1^{\circ}C$. 1. All the herbicides tested had no effect on the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia at the recommended rates. Butachlor, at ten and fifty times the recommended rate, and Nitrofen, at fifty times the recommeded rate, depressed urea hydrolysis, resulting in reduction of ammonia. But the depressive effects were temporary, disappearing soon. Simazine and Propanil had no detrimental effect on urea decomposition at all the treated rates. 2. Also, all the chemicals tested had no effect on the nitrification process at the recommended rates. At higher concentrations of ten and fifty times the recommended rate Butachlor and Nitrofen inhibited the oxidation of nitrite, and propanil long inhibited the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, but was inactive against nitrite oxidizer. These inhibitive effects of the chemicals, however, disappeared in the later period of incubation. Simazine had no effect on the nitrification process at all the treated rates. 3. The trend of change in soil pH of both the treated and untreated plots well reflected the change of soil nitrogen forms during incubation. No direct effect of the chemicals on soil pH was obserbed.