• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

Objectives : To evaluate the foot indices using dynamic and static checking on healthy adult people. Methods : Foot indices analysis was performed for 46 students. Static checking practiced for Foot Pressure(FP) and Toe Pressure Difference(TPD) and dynamic checking was used for Vertical Axis Angle(VAA). Results : On gender, there was generally no statical significant difference, except RFP(Right Foot Pressure). The RFP of male was bigger than that of female. On age, in addition, there was similar tendency, only RFP had a positive correlation (r=0.35, p<0.05). Comparing foot indices on right and left, we found TPD and VAA had a tendency of pronation on left, but FP had a opposite tendency. On consistency of each foot index, discrepancy between TPD and VAA (39.47%) was lesser than combination of the others. Conclusions : According to foot indices among 46 healthy student, we found out that there is partially correlation between dynamic and static checking. We hope that the data we found will contribute to standardization of podiatry indices which provide medical guidance for cure of foot disease, supporting further podiatry research.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2017

Background: Previous studies of radial nerve conduction study (NCS) did not present how to measure the length of the radial nerve across the elbow, and did not even mention how to manage the spiral course of the nerve. This study aimed to applicate the most reliable method to measure the length of the radial nerve during NCS. Methods: Three points (A, B, and C) were determined along the relatively straight course of the radial nerve. The distance was measured using three different methods: L1) straight distance corresponding to the A-C distance, L2) sum of the distances corresponding to the A-B-C distance, L3) based on the L2, but the elbow is flexed at a $45^{\circ}$ angle. We compared the three methods of distance measurement and the calculated nerve conduction velocities (V1, V2, and V3) in normal healthy subjects. Results: 19 normal participants were enrolled. The mean value for method L1, L2 and L3 were $22.5{\pm}1.8cm$, $24.0{\pm}2.1cm$, and $23.2{\pm}2.1cm$ (p < 0.001). Calculated conduction velocities using those distance measurement methods as follows (p < 0.001): V1 ($60.9{\pm}2.7m/s$), V2 ($64.6{\pm}3.3m/s$), and V3 ($63.4{\pm}3.9m/s$). V2 was significantly greater than V1 and V3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: The distance measurement using a stopover point near the lateral epicondyle between two stimulus points in position of a fully extended elbow with forearm pronation is the most appropriate posture for radial motor NCS.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2013

Purpose: In previous study, the frequency of osteoarthritis and discomfort were high in ankle fracture-dislocation but detail results about ankle fracture-dislocation has rarely been investigated. In this study, we retrospectively analyze the outcome of the operative treatment of ankle fracture with dislocation for over-2 years follow up. Materials and Methods: There were 47 cases of ankle fracture-dislocation in our hospital from March 2007 to May 2010. We investigated 20 patients who underwent operation and were possible for over-2 years follow up. The result was estimated with the direction of dislocation, fracture type, the time of bone union and post-traumatic osteoarthritis with plain radiologic images. In clinical assessment, we statistically evaluated the function and pain through AOFAS score and Olerud & Molander scoring system. Results: By Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 13 cases(65%) of pronation-external rotation and 6 cases(30%) of supination-external rotation, 1 case(5%) of supination-adduction. AOFAS score was 85.5, and Olerud & Molander score was "excellent" in 8 cases, "good" in 5 cases, "fair" in 3 cases and "poor" in 4 cases. Postoperative complications in 4 cases revealed post-traumatic arthritis. All kinds of lateral dislocation of ankle fracture was 15 cases and the most common. Of these, all 3 cases, anterolateral dislocation showed post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Conclusion: In ankle fracture-dislocation, post-traumatic osteoarthritis occurred in 4 of 20 patient(20%). Especially, the possibility of post-traumatic osteoarthritis was more in cases of anterolateral or lateral dislocation. So, it must be needed that deliberate examination, for example, preoperative MRI and sufficient explanation to patient. Also, we have to follow up the patients carefully.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The imbalance of pretibial muscles can be a factor contributing to the development of pes planus. However, no study has yet compared the muscle activity of the tibials anterior (TA) to that of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the electromyographic (EMG) TA and EDL amplitude indexes (AIs) between normal and pes planus feet. METHODS: A total of 14 subjects with normal feet and 15 subjects with bilateral pes planus participated in this study. TA and EDL muscle activities were measured using a wireless EMG system and the angles of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion of the subtalar joint were measured using a universal goniometer during active ankle dorsiflexion in the prone position. AI was calculated as follows: $\text{amplitude_{TA}-amplitude_{EDL}/(amplitude_{TA}+amplitude_{EDL})}/2{\times}100$. RESULTS: The AIs of the TA and EDL were significantly lower in pes planus feet than in normal feet (p<.05). The angle of subtalar eversion was significantly greater in pes planus feet than in normal feet during active ankle dorsiflexon (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in the angle of ankle dorsiflexion between normal feet and pes planus feet (p>.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that TA muscle activation was lower in pes planus feet than in normal feet, resulting from greater eversion range of motion during active ankle dorsiflexion. We suggest that the imbalance of ankle dorsiflexors must be considered in pes planus management.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1775-1778
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• 2008

본 연구는 태권도 전문 기능화 개발을 위한 제안으로서 고급기술의 사용과 기능을 고려하여 회전력이 강화된 전문태권도화의 운동역학적인 특징을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 2가지 태권도화 종류를 이용하여, 텐션마찰계수 측정계와 지면반력기를 이용하여 얻은 결론은 다름과 같다. 정적마찰계수 비교는 A사 0.60, M사 0.61로 나타났다. 모멘트(회전 마찰력) 비교는 M사 태권도화가 회내(3.23Nm), 회외(2.70Nm) 모두 A사 태권도화 회내(3.20Nm), 회외(2.62Nm) 보다 높게 나타났다. 지면반력 비교는 Fz의 값은 세가지 조건에서 각각 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), Fy의 최고의 힘은 세가지 조건에서 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. Fx 보다 앞서 나타나는 피크의 형태를 보여주고 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2011

본 논문은 장비의 동작분석기법을 이용하여 운전자가 핸들을 돌릴 때 팔의 관절 운동에 대한 생체역학적 해석을 수행하였다. 모형 운전석에서 운전자가 핸들을 돌릴 때 모션 캡쳐(motion capture) 시스템을 이용하여 팔의 3차원 운동궤적을 구하고, 이 결과를 이용하여 팔의 근-골격계 모델에 대한 역기구학 해석과 역동역학 해석을 수행함으로써 팔 관절의 변위와 관절 토크의 크기를 계산하였다. 각 관절의 회전 운동은 동시에 복합적으로 발생하며, 관절 운동의 크기의 관점에서 팔꿈치 관절의 회내-회외, 어깨 관절의 내전-외전, 굴곡-신전, 손목 관절의 굴곡-신전 등이 주요한 운동임을 확인할 수 있었다. 모형 운전석의 운전 자세, 핸들의 각도 및 좌석에 대한 상대적 위치와 관련된 설계변수에 대한 관절운동의 민감도 해석을 통하여 운전 자세와 핸들의 위치가 조향 동작에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2014

A 25-month-old boy was referred to the hospital due to large head detected on routine physical examination. At visit, dysmorphic facial appearances, including broad nose, prominent forehead, and coarse face, were noted. Nasal obstruction with nasal voice, prominent adenoids, and bilateral middle ear effusions were detected. His abdomen was distended, and liver and spleen were palpated about 3 finger and 2 finger breadths, respectively. He was operated for bilateral inguinal hernias. The motion of both elbow joints was mildly limited on supination and pronation. Urinary level of glycosaminoglycan was elevated and the enzyme activity of iduronate sulfatase in leukocytes was decreased. The mutational analysis of the gene iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) revealed c.263G>A (p.Arg88His) mutation. His developmental scale showed delayed development and there was cardiac valvular involvement (tricuspid regurgitation and mitral valve prolapse). After the diagnosis of Hunter syndrome, enzyme replacement therapy started on a weekly basis without progression of any clinical features. Here we report a case of early diagnosed Hunter syndrome detected by large head on routine examination. Thus, it is important to associate Hunter syndrome in the patient with large head especially, if there is the history of bilateral inguinal hernia and prominent adenoids to increase the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.873-887
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• 2013

실험에서 처리 간 평균반응의 비교를 위해서 많이 사용되는 방법은 분산분석이다. 반응변수가 왓슨분포로부터 추출된 것이라 가정한 축자료의 경우에 평균방향의 비교를 위한 분석방법은 많지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 운동역학에서 관절의 운동을 기술하기 위해서 많이 사용되는 회전축의 평균방향 비교를 위해서 분산분석을 수행하는 것이다. 이는 피험자내 설계에 의한 분산분석으로 피험자내 요인이 하나인 경우와 두 개의 경우로 나누어 분석하였다. 실제 분석에 사용된 자료는 슬관절의 굴곡/신전 회전축과 주관절의 굴곡/신전, 회내/회외 회전축이다. 본 연구를 통해 관절회전운동의 적절한 비교분석을 수행할 수 있었으며 이러한 분석방법은 다양한 실험설계에 의한 축자료에 적용시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare electromyography activity for long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscle according to forearm positions during different triceps strengthening exercises. The muscle activities for long and lateral head of triceps brachii were measured by surface electromyography. Fifteen healthy volunteers participated for this study and performed elbow extension in three different elbow extension exercises (elbow extension in a supine position; EES, elbow extension with shoulder abduction at 90 degrees in a prone position; EESA, and elbow extension with one arm at the side of the trunk in a prone position; EESP) and forearm positions (supination, neutral, and pronation). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the effects of the exercise positions and forearm positions. The EMG activities of the long head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESP with forearm supination, whereas the activity of the lateral head of the triceps brachii increased significantly during EESA with the forearm in a neutral position (p<.05). The results of this study suggest that exercise positions and forearm positions should be considered for selectively strengthening the long and lateral heads of triceps brachii muscles.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined wedge on the range of motion in ankle and knee joint, ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment, and center of pressure excursion of foot for genu varus among adult men during gait. This study was carried out with 10 adult men for genu varus in a motion analysis laboratory in J university. The subjects of the experiment were measured above 5cm width between the knees on contact of both medial malleolus of ankle while standing. The width of their knees in neutral position was measured without the inversion or eversion of the subtalar joint by the investigator. The subjects of the experiment were ten who were conducted randomly for standard insole, insole with $10^{\circ}$ lateral on rear foot wedge, insole at $10^{\circ}$lateral on rear foot and $5^{\circ}$ medial on fore foot wedge. Before and after intervention, changes on the range of motion in ankle and knee joint, ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment, and center of pressure excursion were measured. In order to compare analyses among groups; repeated one-way ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test were used. As a result, combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to control wedge group in terms of knee varus angle in mid-stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge group in terms of ankle eversion moment in whole stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge group in terms of knee adduction moment in whole stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge in terms of center of pressure excursion in whole stance(p<.05). The results of this study suggest that combined wedge for genu varus decreased ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment upon center of pressure excursion. We hypothesize that combined wedge may also be effective in the protection excessive ankle pronation.