• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1849-1855
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• 2019

Background: Stroke patients require arm movement exercising for various stimulations in standing position for various stimulations rather than in a sitting position because they require integrated skillful movements, such as stretching, holding, and controlling. Objective: This study was conducted to provide foundational clinical data about lower limb global synkinesis in stroke patients using arm movements in a standing position. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects were divided into a control group (n = 10) and an experimental group (n = 10), and a pre-test was conducted to evaluate leg global synkinesis (GS) and balance. Intervention method is stretching an arm to hold a ball, repeating supination and pronation of the hand only while maintaining the arm extended as much as possible, repeating shoulder abduction and adduction while holding the pegboard. This was followed by a three-week intervention during which re-measurement was conducted in the same way as was done for the pre-test. Results: The control group showed a significant difference in GS and balance during plantar flexion (p<.05), and the experimental group showed a significant difference in GS and balance during all movements (p<.05, p<.01, respectively). There was a significant difference in GS and balance between the two groups during dorsiflexion (p<.05, p<.01, respectively). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that human arm movements in a standing position can reduce GS in the affected limb, and balance can be improved by stimulating the surrounding tissues of the affected limb and changing them positively.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2021

This study aimed to pilot test a newly developed bilateral upper limb rehabilitation training program for improving the upper limb function of individuals with chronic stroke using a visual feedback method. The double-group pretest-posttest design pilot study included 10 individuals with chronic stroke (age >50 years). The intervention (four weekly meetings) consisted of five upper limb training protocols (wrist extension; forearm supination and pronation; elbow extension and shoulder flexion; weight-bearing shift; and shoulder, elbow, and wrist complex movements). Upper limb movement function recovery was assessed with the FuglMeyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, the Wolf Motor Function Test, the Trunk Control Test, the modified Ashworth Scale, and the visual analog scale at baseline, immediately after, and four weeks after the intervention. The Fatigue Severity Scale was also employed. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity and Wolf Motor Function Test showed significant improvement in upper limb motor function. The Trunk Control Test results increased slightly, and the modified Ashworth Scale decreased slightly, without statistical significance. The visual analog scale scores showed a significant decrease and the Fatigue Severity Scale scores were moderate or low. The bilateral upper limb training program using the visual feedback method could result in slight upper limb function improvements in individuals with chronic stroke.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2023

Objective: This study examined differences in joint kinematics and movement variability of lower extremity between adolescent athletes with and without lateral ankle sprain (LAS) history during drop vertical jump. Method: Fourteen adolescent athletes with LAS history and 14 controls participated in this study. The independent variable was group while dependent variables were 3D joint kinematics and movement variability of hip, knee, and ankle joint. Ensemble curve analyses were conducted to identify differences in movement strategies between two groups. Results: The LAS group showed that greater eversion during jump phase compared with the control group. Additionally, less movement variability was found in the LAS group during the pre-landing and jump phases in ankle and hip joints compared with the control group. Conclusion: The LAS group may adapt the environmental constraints by reducing the movement variability in ankle and hip joints. However, training programs focusing on recovery of ankle function should be emphasized after LAS because excessive pronation for prevention of LAS during the jump phase may result in reduced performance.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2023

Background: Arm swing plays a role in gait by accommodating forward movement through trunk balance. This study evaluates the biomechanical characteristics of arm swing during gait. Methods: The study performed computational musculoskeletal modeling based on motion tracking in 15 participants without musculoskeletal or gait disorder. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system using three Azure Kinect (Microsoft) modules was used to obtain information in the 3D location of shoulder and elbow joints. Computational modeling using AnyBody Modeling System was performed to calculate the joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during arm swing. Results: Mean ROM of the dominant elbow was 29.7°±10.2° and 14.2°±3.2° in flexion-extension and pronation-supination, respectively. Mean joint moment of the dominant elbow was 56.4±12.7 Nm, 25.6±5.2 Nm, and 19.8±4.6 Nm in flexion-extension, rotation, and abduction-adduction, respectively. Conclusions: The elbow bears the load created by gravity and muscle contracture in dynamic arm swing movement.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2006

본 연구에서는, 팔의 4가지 운동을 구별할 수 있는 계측 시스템과, 구별된 팔의 운동 위치를 추정할 수 있는 제어 알고리즘에 관하여 기술한다. 먼저 4가지(굽히기와 펴기, 내전과 외전) 운동을 구별하기 위해 굽혀진 정도를 측정할 수 있는 전기 저항 형태의 굽힘 센서를 사용한다. 이 센서를 왼팔의 상완 이두근과 오구완근에 1개씩 부착한다. 부착된 두 개의 센서로부터 출력되는 신호는 증폭기와 필터 등으로 구성된 계측 시스템을 통과한다. 이 시스템에서는 상완이두근에 부착된 센서 신호는 굽히기와 펴기 운동 중에서만 On/OFF 작동을 하도록 하고, 오구완근에 부착된 센서 신호는 모든 운동에 작동하도록 설계하였다. 이렇게 출력된 신호들로부터 4가지 운동은 구별하여 출력하고, 출력된 신호들로부터 팔의 운동 위치를 측정한다. 마지막으로, 제안된 알고리즘의 효용성을 입증하기 위해 RC 서보 모터와 포텐션미터로 구성된 2자유도의 인공팔을 제작하여 실험한다. 실험을 통해 인공 팔의 위치는 모터의 회전 관성, 센서의 노이즈 등으로 실제 팔의 위치와 차이가 발생하였다 이 오차를 감소하기 위해 오차값과 오차의 변화값에 근거한 퍼지 PID 제어기를 사용하였고, 이로써 오차가 5도 이내로 감소되었다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the intrinsic foot muscle training method can improve the medial longitudinal arch in patients with chronic ankle injury and with pronated feet, as well as to investigate for the most effective exercise method for these patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty men and women with pronated feet had participated in this study and were allocated to either the short foot exercise group (SFEG) or the towel curl exercise group (TCEG) randomly. SFEG and TCEG underwent exercises three times a week for 8 weeks, with three sets per day, totalling up to 5 minutes per day. The navicular drop test (NDT) was used in order to assess for changes in the medial longitudinal arch and the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) was used to assess for ankle instability of the chronic ankle sprain patients. Results: There was a significant increase in CAIT scores in the SFEG (p<0.05) and a significant difference between groups was presented (p<0.05). The NDT scores were significantly decreased in both groups (p<0.05). In the SFEG, the NDT scores were more decreased than in the TCEG (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that short foot exercises are more effective in providing intrinsic foot muscle training for patients with pronated feet among chronic ankle sprain patients. Furthermore, short foot exercises may be used to provide ankle stability.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.738-743
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• 2007

본 연구는, 팔(하완)을 잃은 장애자용 인공 의수를 장애자가 자신의 의도에 따라 제어하기 위한 센서 시스템과 제어알고리즘에 관한 것이다. 먼저 장애자의 여러 가지 동작 의도를 검출할 수 있는 센싱 시스템을 연구하고 이 센싱 시스템으로부터 발생된 신호를 사용하여 인공의수를 제어하는 방법에 대하여 연구한다. 센서로서는 전기 저항식 굽힘 센서를 사용한다. 이 굽힘 센서를 팔의 상완 이두근과 오구완근에 각각 1개씩 단단히 부착한다. 부착된 센서로부터 출력된 신호는 근육의 굴곡량을 나타내며 팔의 동작의도를 판단 할 수 있는 신호처리 시스템을 통과시켜 하완의 굴곡과 신전 운동, 손의 내전과 외전 운동을 구별한다. 그리고 구별된 신호로부터 실제 팔의 운동 각도를 추정하여 인공의수의 각도를 제어한다. 본 연구의 효용성을 증명하기 위해 2개의 액추에이터와 포텐셔미터를 가진 간단한 인공의수를 제작하여 제어 실험을 하였다. 실험에서 실제 팔의 각도와 인공의수의 제어 각도 사이에는 센서 외부에서 발생되는 노이즈 및 인공의수의 회전 관성, 기계적인 마찰 등으로 인한 오차가 발생하였다. 따라서 오차 값과 오차의 변화 값에 근거한 퍼지 제어 알고리듬을 이용하여 재 실험을 한 결과 하완의 굴곡/신전 운동에서는 평균 약 4도, 손의 회내/외 운동에서는 평균 약 3도의 오차가 측정되어, 퍼지제어기를 설치한 이전보다 오차가 크게 개선되었다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.231-244
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• 2001

This study was conducted to observe the effect on appendage muscle strength according to increase in occlusal vertical dimension. For this study, ten males with a mean age of 21 were selected. The subjects had a complete or almost complete set of natural teeth and reported no subjected symptoms of pain or dysfunction in the masticatory system. The tested occlusal splints were made at the position of increased occlusal vertical dimension of 2mm, 3.5mm, and 5mm from the ICP. Before and after wearing occlusal splints, the appendage muscle strength were tested by CybexII Dynamometer in each subject. The results were as follows : 1. When occlusal vertical dimension was increased, most of mean muscular strength values were increased except for those of supination and pronation of forearm at the position of 5mm increased occlusal vertical dimension. 2. The statistical analyses demonstrated that the increased occlusal vertical dimension position to be significantly stronger than intercuspal position for the muscle strength of the flexion and extension of hip, supination of forearm, external and internal rotation of knee, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of ankle (p<0.05). 3. At the position of 3.5mm increased vertical dimension displayed the highest mean muscluar strength value than other positions. 4. Statistically demonstrated values, except for supination of forearm, internal rotation of shoulder, were related to lower appendage. Therefore splint was more effective on lower appendage than upper appendage to make muscle strength increased. 5. The mean increased rate of muscular strength tested on knee(57%), ankle(42%), and wrist(20%) were higher than hip(31%), elbow(14%), and shoulder(17%).

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effect of low-dye taping on balance performance in subjects with flexible flatfoot. METHODS: Fifteen asymptomatic volunteers who had flexible flatfoot (age, $21.7{\pm}1.81$years; height, $164.80{\pm}7.57cm$; weight, $56.47{\pm}10.48kg$) were participated for this study. Navicular drop test was used to evaluate pronation of foot in three different conditions; non-weight bearing position without low-dye taping, weight bearing position without low-dye taping, weight bearing position with low-dye taping. And balance performance (anterio/ posterior, medial/lateral, and overall) was evaluated using the Biodex Balance System in three different conditions; one-leg standing without low-dye taping, one-leg standing with low-dye taping, and one-leg standing with low-dye taping in one week later. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess navicular height and balance performance across the three testing conditions. RESULTS: Significant and clinically meaningful improvement in navicular height was found after application of the low-dye taping. However, there was no statistically significant change in balance performance. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence to suggest that low-dye taping does not affect balance performance.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in foot type of female college students according to academic major in both feet. The subjects for this study were 216 female students who took liberal arts classes in Seoul. Dependent variables were students' field of study -specifically whether or not they majored in physical education. Analysis of students' foot type and Malalignment Syndrome were measured using Resting Calcaneous Stance Position (RCSP). There were five categories for RCSP angle: Severe Pes Planus (< $-5^{\circ}$), Pes Planus ($-3^{\circ}{\sim}-4^{\circ}$), Pes Rectus (${\pm}2^{\circ}$), Pes Cavus ($+3^{\circ}{\sim}+4^{\circ}$), Severe Pes Cavus (> $+5^{\circ}$). ${\chi}^2$ analysis was used for statistical analysis. RCSP for all subjects (432 feet) occurred at the following frequency: Pes Planus(43.9%), Pes Rectus(43.8%), and Pes Cavus(12.3%). These levels were different for physical education majors, with Pes Planus at 42.6%, Pes Rectus at 49.4%, and Pes Cavusat 8.0%. Non-physical education majors exhibited Pes Planus at 45.0%, Pes Rectus at 39.9%, and Pes Cavus at 15.1%. 15.3% (33 subjects) of all students had Malalignment Syndrome. In conclusion, 56.2% of female college students had a foot deformity. There was nearly four times more Pes Planus than Pes Cavus. According to these results, exercise can be prescribed to alleviate foot deformities, especially supination. Severe pronation and supination problems appeared less amongst students not majoring in physical education. Thus, although exercise might be one cause of foot deformity, it can also help resolve problems with over-supination. Further study will be needed to understand and resolve the specific mechanism of over-supination.