• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.553-564
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• 2021

This study analyzed the the risk of halogen lamp for pigsty heating and its fire prevention. Halogen lamps are used for keeping warm in pen because of their excellent economy and convenience. However, there is a high risk of fire due to poor safety management and exposure to animal movements. In fact, after exploring old pigsty and cattle shed, it was easy to confirm that they were exposed to fire risks. We noted this point and studied the possibility of fire by experiment due to combustible contact with halogen lamp and carelessness in use. The experiment was conducted under conditions similar to the actual use environment. After installing halogen lamps to the height used in actual pen, the temperature change was observed with infrared camera with straw, sawdust and rice husks on the floor. And assuming abnormal conditions, the experiment was also conducted under conditions the lamp dropped on the floor or combustible material came into contact with the glass tube inside the lamp. If halogen lamps were used in normal condition, there was no risk of fire. However, in abnormal use environments, smoke comes out or even ignited. Even if it is convenient for use or highly utilized, high risk of fire will require setting up fire prevention measures or regulation of use. Through in-depth fire investigation and research, we should promote the risk of fire and make efforts to prevent fire to minimize human life and property damage.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2022

Recently the telemedicine platform firms which have been temporarily permitted since COVID-19 outbreak have increasingly provided online prescription drugs delivery, causing concerns among incumbent providers of medicine, some of whom began to take aggressive actions again them. In this study, using game theoretic market entry - deterrence model, we show that although the incumbent medicine provider can effectively deter entry by the telemedicine platform firms by its preemptive action, accommodation could be a optimal action when telemedicine platform firms already have penetrated the market with their being permitted to do business due to the COVID-19. However, for the incumbent to cooperate for the successful change in the retail market for medicines, policies like placing a ceiling on the maximum number of taking prescriptions by the pharmacists a day in the telemedince platform network, providing favorable exposure of community pharmacists on the telemedicine platform user interface, and allowing community pharmacies to participate as shareholders of the telemedicine platform firms in its initial public opening of capital, are suggested.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2022

Background: The current study reports measurements of activity concentrations of radon (²²⁰Rn) and thoron (²²⁰Rn) in dwellings, followed by inhalation dose assessment of the public, and then by the development of regulation and the national radon action plan (NRAP) in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Radon, thoron, and thoron progeny measurements were carried out from 2014 to 2017 using radon-thoron discriminative detectors (commercially RADUET) in 450 dwellings and thoron progeny monitors in 350 dwellings. From 2019 to 2020, radon track detectors (commercially RADTRAK) were deployed in 1,400 dwellings. It was found that activity concentrations of radon range in 1,850 houses from 10 to 2,620 Bq/㎥ with a geometric mean of 76 Bq/㎥. Results and Discussion: Activity concentrations of thoron range from 20 to 700 Bq/㎥ with a geometric mean of 107 Bq/㎥. Thoron equilibrium factor ranges from 0.01 to 0.6, with an arithmetic mean of 0.09 that is higher than the default value of 0.02 given by UNSCEAR. On average, 49%, 9%, and 2% of all surveyed houses have radon concentrations above 100, 200, and 300 Bq/㎥, respectively. The average contribution of thoron to the inhalation dose due to radon and thoron exposure is about 40%. Thus, thoron cannot be neglected in dose assessment to avoid biased results in radio-epidemiological studies. Only radon was considered in the drafted regulation and in the NRAP adopted in October 2020. Reference levels of 300 Bq/㎥ and 1,000 Bq/㎥ were recommended for dwellings and workplaces. Conclusion: Priority actions for the coming years include the following: radon risk mapping, promotion of a protection policy against radon in buildings, integration of the radon prevention and mitigation into the training of construction specialists, mitigation of dwellings and workplaces with high radon levels, increased public awareness of the health risks associated with radon, and development of programs on the scientific and technical aspects.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.419-427
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• 2024

This study assessed the potential impact of gas leakage resulting from accidental damage to buried urban gas pipelines during perforating operation near subway construction sites. The risk of explosions due to ignition sources such as static electricity, arising from gas infiltrating the subway construction site through storm sewers and sewage pipes, was evaluated using the ALOHA program. The results of the threat zone calculation, which input various parameters of urban gas pipelines such as length, diameter, and pressure, indicated that the flammable area within the vapor cloud extended from 1.2 to 1.4 km (red zone), the blast area ranged from 0.8 to 1.0 km (yellow zone), and the jet fire extended from 45 to 61 m (red zone). This study demonstrates that within the flammable area of the vapor cloud, a specific combination of concentration and conditions can increase flammability. The blast area may experience explosions with a pressure of 1.0 psi, sufficient to break glass windows. In the event of a jet fire, high temperatures and intense radiant heat exposure lead to rapid fire propagation in densely populated areas, posing a high risk of casualties. The findings are presented in terms of the sphere of influence and threat zone ranges.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.323-331
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• 2024

The concept of 'Han' is a psychological characteristic formed by Koreans through long-lasting national hardships. It has deeply influenced every Korean as a form of collective unconscious and has merged with various forms of art over time. Director Bong Joon-ho's works, rich in social consciousness, symbolically visualize sensitive issues like social class, presenting harsh satire on class oppression. His movies continuously emphasize human desires, the homogeneity of good and evil, insurmountable class barriers, and moral decay caused by desires. They produce a wealth of symbols filled with layers and power dynamics. Bong Joon-ho dramatically portrays and directs various forms of symbols. The metaphorical symbols in his movies provide a unique research value for delving into the deeper meanings of the films.This study examines the theme of 'class Han' in six of Bong Joon-ho's films, exploring the 'Han culture' of Korea. It applies semiotic concepts by categorizing into character and non-character symbols for an in-depth analysis of the films. The representative works from the late 1990s to the late 2010s articulate the class layers of the 'visible' and the 'invisible' through a blend of realism and surrealism. The study analyzes Bong Joon-ho's films in the sequence of 'satire-exposure-hope', examining the culturally critical nature of 'Han culture' on class and its psychological and cultural impact on the general public.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2024

'K-contents' is in the spotlight worldwide. As the prefix 'K' became popular, interest in K-food(Korean food) also increased. Various studies on K-contents are being conducted, but research on K-food is still very limited. References and articles about K-food are mainly limited to the overseas expansion, marketing status, and sales of domestic brands, and a few research papers deal with only cases of a specific brand's overseas expansion. This paper aims to analyze how K-food is represented in TV unscripted shows and TV series produced in Korea and what their effects are through empirical works. Among the unscripted shows based on food, they are estimated that the point of competitiveness as K contents deal with foreigners' Korean food experiences. Representative examples here are the way foreigners who visit Korea experience Korean food as part of their Korean culture experience, or the type of temporarily setting up a restaurant overseas to sell Korean food to local people. However, the problem with such shows are that it lacks long-term appeal because it is based on the 'Gukbbong(a slang term for 'extreme nationalism')' sentiment. The exposure of K-food in K-contents creates a tremendous advertising effect. It is judged that the current status and analysis of K-contents based on K-food can help establish the direction of future program production and the identity of K-food.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.819-825
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• 2024

The reason for recording dose data when using a diagnostic radiation source is to record and manage the dose to healthcare personnel and patients. The purpose of this study was to verify the difference in radiation dose when using diagnostic radiation generating devices and to inform users' awareness of dose reduction through measurement and analysis of dose in situations with and without shielding. The dose analysis of each equipment for two Korean C-arms and two German C-arms showed that the Korean FPD type C-arm had the highest dose value, followed by the German I.I type C-arm, German FPD type C-arm, Korean, and I.I type C-arm. The results of the dose analysis with and without shielding showed that the dose to the human phantom in a normal atmosphere increased by about 2 times due to scattered radiation, but the dose to the human phantom was reduced by about 5 times by wearing a shield (0.5mm/lead apron). More important than the management of radiation dose is the study of how to reduce exposure when using radiation, and since the radiation dose output from different equipment is different, it is necessary to provide dose information with and without shielding.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.46-59
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to understand how the image of a tourist destination perceived by potential tourists, who indirectly experience negative incidents through social media, affects their behavioral intentions. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the relationship between image and behavioral intention is explained through attitudes toward the destination, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, the study analyzes whether the quality of the relationship with the tourist destination perceived by potential tourists moderates the relationship between the image of the destination and attitudes toward it when exposed to negative incidents. A scenario-based survey was conducted with 256 potential Chinese tourists. The results showed that the overall image of the destination had a positive effect (+) on attitudes toward the destination, subjective norms, and perceived control. In turn, attitudes toward the destination, subjective norms, and perceived control all positively (+) influenced behavioral intentions. Lastly, the moderating effect of relationship quality between overall image and attitudes toward the destination was verified. The implications of this study suggest that when negative incidents occur at a tourist destination, negative images can be perceived. Therefore, local governments should ensure thorough inspections and enforcement regarding pricing, services, and illegal operations to prevent such occurrences. Additionally, destination marketers should strive to enhance marketing management and promotion efforts, particularly working to establish positive relationship quality with tourists who have previously visited the destination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Purpose : this study purposed to investigate school nursing phenomena in Korea by applying ICNP, the international standard nursing classification system developed by ICN, and to compare school nursing phenomena at elementary, middle and high schools. Method : The subjects of this study are 110 nursing teachers from 82 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, and 12 high schools. In the survey, subjects were asked to score the degree to which phenomena and characteristics of Korean school nursing, identified in previous research, on a 5 point scale. Questionnaires were distributed and recovered by mail and email. The period of data collection was 6 months from July to December 2003. The general characteristics of schools and nursing teachers were represented with frequencies and percentages, the phenomena and characteristics of school nursing with the mean score of the questions, and the phenomena school nursing by school grade with ANOVA and Duncan's posterior analysis. Results : 1) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human behavior, the mean score of questions on inadequate stress management was highest at 3.24 points followed by the score on inadequate weight control (3.23), inadequate eating habits (3.22), the risk of spine disorders (2.68), inadequate emergency management (2.62), inadequate response to sex -related problems (2.19), and smoking and drug use (1.85). 2) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human function, the mean score of questions on oral health management was highest at 3.11 points followed by the score on the risk of digestive system disorder (2.87), improper eyesight management (2.81), the risk of respiratory system disorders (2.75), lack of sexual identity (2.52), and inadequate contagious disease control (2.12). 3) As for the mean score according to school nursing phenomena related to environment, the score of the risk of accidents in classroom was highest as 2.68 points followed by the score of the risk of accidents around the school (2.65), maladjustment to school (2.62), the risk of accidents outside the classroom (2.43), inadequate learning environment (1.83), the risk of exposure to socially and physically harmful environment factors (1.82), and inadequate waste disposal (1.77). 4) This study tested the mean scores of questions corresponding to each school nursing phenomenon in order to see if there is a difference in the school nursing phenomenon among elementary, middle and high schools, and performed Duncan's posterior comparison for school nursing phenomena. A significant difference was found at p<.1. According to the results, school nursing phenomena found to be significantly different among elementary, middle and high schools was smoking and drug use (p<.05), which appeared more problematic in high school than in elementary school. phenomena such as inadequate eating habits, inadequate weight control, inadequate response to sex-related problems and inadequate waste disposal were also found to be statistically different at p<.1; however, according to the result of Duncan's posterior comparison, no difference was found among groups in improper eating habits and improper response to sex-related problems, and a significant difference was found between middle and high schools in inadequate weight control and inadequate waste disposal. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan school health projects focused on the characteristic school nursing phenomena that had high scores and to develop and execute school healthe projects in accordance with the characteristics of elementary, middle and high schools. Considering that the scores of school nursing phenomena related to human behavior are high, it is necessary to introduce school health promotion projects in a systematic way.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2016

Pectin, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, has in recent years attracted considerable attention. Its benefits are increasingly appreciated by scientists and consumers due to its safety and usefulness. The chemistry and gel-forming characteristics of pectin have enabled to be used in pharmaceutical industry, health promotion and treatment. Yet, it has been rarely used in cosmetics because of its incompatibility with many cosmetic ingredients, including alcohols, and unstable viscosity of pectin gels under various pH and salt conditions. However, low-molecular-weight pectin oligomers have excellent biological activities, and depolymerization of pectin to produce cosmetic ingredients would be very useful. In this study, we attempted the development of cosmetic ingredients using pectin with an excellent effect on human skin. We developed a bio-conversion process that uses enzymatic hydrolysis to produce pectin hydrolysates containing mainly low-molecular-weight pectin oligomers. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determined the ratio of hydrolysis. The molecular weight of the pectin hydrolysates obtained varied between 200 and 2,700 Da. The two newly developed low-molecular-weight pectin hydrolysates, LMPH A and B, had higher anti-oxidative activities than pectin or D-galacturonic. Exposure to UVB radiation induces apoptotic cell death in epidermal cells. Annexin V binding and propidium iodide uptake were measured by flow cytometry to evaluate UVB-induced cell death in HaCaT cells. Both LMPH A and B reduced UVB-induced cell death and increased cell proliferation by 22% and 30% at 0.5% concentration respectively, while pectin had no significant activity. In conclusion, this study suggests that the newly developed low-molecular-weight pectin hydrolysates can be used as safe and biologically active cosmetic ingredients.