• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2000

Three dimensional, compressible, mass weighted averaging of Favre, Navier-Stokes system with k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence, is numerically discretized to compute three dimensional multiple jet interaction flow fields for a hybrid projectile containing three rocket motors in the ogive section. Numerical flow field computations have been made for angled nose jets and rockets at supersonic speed using multiblock structured grid. The jet conditions include very high jet to free stream pressure ratio and high temperature. It is shown that the strength of nozzle stagnation pressure affects the flow field near the side nozzle and the high stagnation pressure increases total amount of drag by a few percent. However, minor drag loss due to the pressure drag might be fully overcomed by an additional axial thrust. The results of present study can be applied for the design of future hybrid projectile.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.1566-1573
• /
• 2004

When a projectile travels at high speed underwater, supercavitating flow arises, in which a huge cavity is generated behind the projectile so that only the nose, i.e., the cavitator, of the projectile is wetted, while the rest of it should be surrounded by the cavity. In that case, the projectile can achieve very high speed due to the reduced drag. Furthermore if the nose of the body is shaped properly, the attendant pressure drag can be maintained at a very low value, so that the overall drag is also reduced dramatically. In this study, shape optimization technique is employed to determine the optimum cavitator shape for minimum drag, given certain operating conditions. Shape optimization technique is also used to solve the potential flow problem fur any given cavitator, which is a free boundary value problem having the cavity shape as unknown a priori. Analytical sensitivities are derived for various shape parameters in order to implement a gradient-based optimization algorithm. Simultaneous optimization technique is proposed for efficient cavitator shape optimization, in which the cavity and cavitator shape are determined in a single optimization routine.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2008년도 제30회 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.82-85
• /
• 2008

수중에서 발사체가 고속으로 주행할 때 발사체의 머리 즉, 캐비테이터 만이 물과 접촉한 상태에서 커다란 공동이 발생하여 몸체 전체를 뒤덮는 초공동현상이 발생한다. 초공동 상태에서는 발사체는 저항이 감소되어 매우 빠른 속도를 낼 수 있게 된다. 더욱이 캐비테이터가 적합한 형상을 가지게 되면 매우 낮은 압력저항을 유지하고 전체적인 저항도 획기적으로 줄일 수 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 주어진 작용환경 하에서 저항을 최소화 하기위한 최적의 캐비테이터 형상최적설계 문제를 고려하였다. 그리고 효율적인 캐비테이터 형상최적화를 위해 공동과 캐비테이터 형상을 하나의 죄적화로 변환한 동시최적화기법을 수행하였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.376-383
• /
• 2017

This paper describes the gyroscopic stability and the drag characteristics of the smart munition with a course correction fuze(CCF). A ballistic analysis was conducted to figure out the effect of the canards on the gyroscopic stability of the projectile. The analysis used the commercial ammunition performance evaluation software: Projectile Design and Analysis System(PRODAS). In particular, we compared the PRODAS analysis results to real field test results to investigate the influence of the CCF mounted projectile. In addition, some ballistic simulations were carried out to provide the conditions suitable for wind tunnel tests. Experimental results show that the added drag force by the canards is almost uniform regardless of the Mach number when the projectile is at the normal position where the angle of rotation and the angle of attack are both 0 degrees. However, as the angle of attack of the projectile increases, the additional drag force depends on the deflection of the canards.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.1876-1881
• /
• 2003

When a projectile travels at high speed underwater, supercavitating flow arises, in which a huge cavity is generated behind the projectile so that only the nose, i.e., the cavitator, of the projectile is wetted, while the rest of it should be surrounded by the cavity. In that case, the projectile can achieve very high speed due to the reduced drag. Furthermore if the nose of the body is shaped properly, the attendant pressure drag can be maintained at a very low value, so that the overall drag is also reduced dramatically. In this study, shape optimization technique is employed to determine the optimum cavitator shape for minimum drag, given certain operating conditions. Shape optimization technique is also used to solve the potential flow problem for any given cavitator, which is a free boundary value problem having the cavity shape as unknown a priori. Analytical sensitivities are derived for various shape parameters in order to implement a gradient-based optimization algorithm. Simultaneous optimization technique is proposed for efficient cavitator shape optimization, in which the cavity and cavitator shape are determined in a single optimization routine.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제28회 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.299-302
• /
• 2007

The aerodynamics of a projectile overtaking a moving shock wave is analyzed using a chimera scheme. The flow field characteristics for various shock wave Mach number and projectile masse are investigated. the unsteady forces acting on the projectile for both supersonic and impossible overtaking conditions are computed in order to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile. It is seen that the projectile Mach number significantly affects the flow fields for both supersonic and impossible overtaking. Unsteady drag is influenced by the overtaking conditions. The unsteady drag coefficient is the highest for the impossible overtaking condition.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.625-636
• /
• 2019

Recently, research on projectiles with wings for precision guidance is actively underway. In this study, we analyzed how the tail fins attached to the projectile affect the base drag. Aerodynamic analysis was performed with RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) equations using FLUENT, a commercial CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. Through the aerodynamic analysis, the base drag characteristics of the projectile by parameters (number, length, thickness, position, shape of tail fin) were investigated. The results of this study are expected to be applicable to aerodynamic design of tail fins mounted on projectiles.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 2012

Performance analysis of the interior ballistics has been conducted using the 1-D numerical code called IBcode according to the various conditions such as length of ignition-gas injector, amount of ignition-gas, mass of projectile, and drag force of projectile. In case of the length of ignition-gas injector, the 25~100 % of the full-injector length has been considered as well as the mass & mass flow of the ignition-gas. The mass of the projectile 5~70 kg and its drag force of 0~69 MPa have been also considered. Variables such as breech & base pressure, negative differential pressure and muzzle velocity for the performance analysis have been sorted, too. Firing conditions for the optimal performance have been investigated through these variables.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.279-282
• /
• 2011

군에서 사용하는 탄약의 보관 및 취급상 발생할 수 있는 외형결함을 가정하여 그것이 사거리에 미치는 영향을 예측하였다. 외형결함은 탄체두부의 오자이브 형상에 각 1.5mm, 3.3mm의 축대칭 함몰부가 생기는 것으로 가정하였다. FLUENT를 사용하여 마하수 별 항력계수를 해석하였고, 탄도해석 프로그램인 PRODAS에 항력계수 데이터를 입력하여 탄도해석을 하였다. 공력해석결과 1.5mm, 3.3mm 함몰 탄체의 항력증가율은 정상탄체와 비교했을 때 아음속 영역에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 초음속 영역에서 각각 평균 3%, 9% 의 증가율을 보였다. 최대 사거리는 포구속도 650m/s를 기준으로 각각 1%, 3% 감소한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.683-688
• /
• 2009

A research was conducted about the Reynolds number effect on the projectile with an altitude change. The atmosphere conditions change in accordance with an altitude change. It effects the Reynolds number. To confirm how the phenomena affect the trajectory of the projectile, a computer program is designed with an altitude and a range considered. The MISSILE DATCOM which is based on the semi-empirical method was utilized to get aerodynamic coefficients. The result shows that the Reynolds number considerably changes as the altitude change. It causes to change the drag coefficient of the projectile. As the Reynolds number decreases, the skin friction drag increases significantly. It causes to decrease the maximum altitude and the range.