• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2009

Recently, operation of highway is the complex digital Infrastructure based on complicated IT. The application of IT is increasing more and more in digital Infrastructure. Though IT is very convenient, if unpredicted operating risk of highway occurs, widespread damage can be large. When operating risk of highway occurs, road users are out of smoothly-run service because of the operating interruption. This risk causes unpredicted operating management cost and additional maintenance cost. It will excess over the planned operating cost, which may leads to users's unsafety and operator's insolvency because of income loss. Until now, related studies to find out the risk are not sufficient. The purpose of this study is to suggest risk cost items and to estimate the reasonable risk cost by using simulation method in case of occurring the huge power failure at the operating digitalized highway. This study indicates the several plans to hedge against risk cost and the management of highway project. From now on, it will be used as basic data to confirm the soundness of operating system in Digital Infrastructure.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

The conceptual cost estimation used the construction project needs for confirm budget not only at the planning phase but also at the preliminary design phase of the construction project. Present, the conceptual cost estimation model have problems the rate of error is very large because the linear simple model calculate by use the cost of the unit meter or the unit square. This study development the model used grouping and the key quantity method, the mixed unit cost for solve problem of the very large rate of error. The result of this study reduced difference of between the real design construction cost therefor it expect that contribute to the client or the service company estimate budget of RC rahmen bridge.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.321-332
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• 2013

Costs and expenses are intertwined and incurred throughout an entire construction project, even from the pre-construction phase, and each phase has a different impact on the life cycle cost (LCC). However, the cost breakdown structure (CBS) is different in each phase of a building construction project, which makes it hard to reasonably calculate construction cost. For this reason, the boundary conditions were analyzed in this study based on the life cycle cost break structure (LCCBS). In addition, breakdown factors were analyzed based on the boundary conditions to derive a linkage method. The validity of the linkage method was verified through application to actual construction projects. Through the analysis, it was found that the problem of items being left out was reduced by more than 97.2 percent, and the work was done an average of 6 hours faster compared to the conventional method. It is expected that by applying the new LCC system, LCC will be both reduced and calculated in a more efficient manner.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.76-84
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• 2009

Korea's construction industry experienced no difficulty managing the costs of finishing work items in the apartment housing field thanks to the uniform specification and the standardized costs of finishing work items. Finishing work items have continuously become more high class and differentiated, which has caused the costs of finishing work items to rise. This study identified problems with the cost management when planning finishing work items and choosing their alternatives based on the current process applied to the planning stage of finishing work items. It also found problems with the information management of finishing work items including design, cost, and work information that took place in bulk. Based on the identified problems, the design, cost and work information of finishing work items was integrated so that they could management the costs and information when planning finishing work items and selecting their alternatives. Then a cost-based information management process was suggested for finishing work items by improving each of the project cost management elements. Finally, an information model for finishing work items was built by studying the ways to integrate the information hierarchy and library of finishing work items.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-112
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• 1999

In this research, it is proposed that optimization method is introduced and applied to the design of pipeline system in multi-regional water supply project, which has been constructed to settle the regional unbalance problems of available water resources. For the purpose, interface programs are developed to integrate linear programming model and KYPIPE model which is used for optimization and hydraulic analysis, respectively. The developed program is applied to the pipeline system design of multi-regional water supply project. The optimal diameters from the application of linear programming technique are compared with those from conventional method that is time-consuming and tedious trail and error process. Since the conventional design largely depends upon the experience of designers and the results of general hydraulic analysis, it can not be reasonable and consistent. The application of linear programming technique can make it possible to design pipeline system optimally by using same design factors of general hydraulic models. The model can select commercial discrete pipe diameter as optimal size by using pipe length as decision variables. The developed model is applied to Pohang multi-regional water supply system design with two different objective functions, which are initial construction cost and annual cost including electric cost. As results, it is calculated that the initial construction cost of 1,449,740 thousand won is saved and annual cost of 128,951 thousand won is saved for a year within study year. Also, the optimal site of pump station is selected on 5th pipe, which is located between the diverging junction to Kangdong(2) province and the diverging junction to Cheonbuk province. It is explained that pump cost is less than pipe cost in this application case study due to little pump station scale. In the case of water supply with large pump capacity, it is reasonal that the increase of pipe size is more efficient instead the increase of pump station capacity to save annual cost.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.865-871
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• 2012

Because of the increasing cost of oil and natural gas, energy production technologies using coal, including synthetic natural gas (SNG) and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), have attracted attention because of the relatively low cost of coal. During the early stage of a project, the developer or project owner has many options with regard to the selection of a gasifier. In particular, from the viewpoint of feasibility, the gasifier is a key factor in the economic evaluation. This study compares the technical aspects of gasifiers for a real SNG production project in an early stage. A fixed-bed slagging gasifier, wet-type entrained gasifier, and dry-type entrained gasifier, all of which have specific advantages, can be used for the SNG production project. Base on a comparison of the process descriptions and performances of each gasifier, this study presents a selection guideline for a gasifier for an SNG production project that will be beneficial to project developers and EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) contractors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.233-240
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• 2016

Information system development projects, have a mechanism for many of the costs generated by a variety of risk factors. In general, the probability that the software project of the information system is carried out successfully in the delivery time is very low. This prediction of a formal cost is needed as the most important factor since it can prevent the project from being failed. However, objectivity of most of the project scale calculation during the calculation criteria is insufficient. Further, it is the actual situation that the management of the base line is not properly made during the project. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a model to calculate the number of steps it takes to develop on the basis of a methodology in an attempt to overcome the limitation of being unpractical in the early stage of the information system development project. It is expected to be a tool to estimate the effort and cost required by the information system development business through these convergence proposals model.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-177
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• 1997

Since 1995 the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology has introduced and implemented a project based system (PBS) for awarding R&D funds. While capital investments for national laboratories such as buildings and research facilities are supported by the government, normal operating expenses including personnel expenses should be earned by national laboratories through open competition under PBS. The project budget includes both direct research costs and indirect costs. The purpose of this paper is to examine the components of indirect costs and to examine determinants of indirect costs of national laboratories in Korea. The indirect costs of nineteen national laboratories are examined. The direct personnel costs and indirect personnel costs out of total personnel costs are 72% and 28%, respectively. The average indirect cost rate is 74.1% of direct personnel costs. Major components of indirect costs are general operating costs, indirect personnel costs, taxes and dues, and expenses related to the usage of equipment. The significant determinants of indirect cost are indirect personnel ratio. the ratio of unique projects, the type of national laboratories (pure research laboratories or other), and asset activity ratio measured as research divided by total assets. The high indirect personnel ratio, the high ratio of unique projects, the laboratories classified as other, the low asset activity ratio are related to high indirect cost rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.24-29
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• 2015

Bridge construction cost estimates have generally been conducted by using historial unit-price(per meter or square meter). The traditional estimating method based on unit-price references can never completely reflect the specialty of cable supported bridge. In this paper, we have developed the system for supporting the approximate construction cost and the quantity estimation based on 3D model information in the pre-project planning phase of 3-span continuous suspension bridge with 2-pylons. First of all, we'd analyzed the design information (such as structural design report, blueprint and quantity) and the real cost data from the existing suspension bridges and derived the design variables of the bridges. We developed the BIM wizard that generates a suspension bridge model parametrically based on derived design variables. The principle material quantities of suspension bridge are calculated directly from 3-dimensional bridge model built by using the BIM wizard. We have established the system that the construction cost can be estimated more specific than the traditional estimating method.

• Plant Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

In this consideration, this research investigated the piping design items and drew out key design items through interview with experts and surveys to apply them to actual project examples and look into piping design item-specific significance and cost variation ranges. Based on this investigation, the Monte-Carlo simulation was employed herein to analyze the cost variation range for the entire piping design costs with a view to presenting a way to calculate a reasonable bidding price for any similar project and verify the appropriateness of joining a bid.